8 th Grade Earth Science Curriculum Map Sue Tracy Quarter One-Introduction to Earth Science, Chemistry, Minerals and Rocks

Transcription

1 8 th Grade Earth Science Curriculum Map Sue Tracy Quarter One-Introduction to Earth Science, Chemistry, Minerals and Rocks Introduction to earth science and the science classroom (Chapter 1- Section 1, 2 and 4 and pages xxvi-xxix) -Safety procedures, safety equipment and personal protection equipment -Intro to classroom rules, etc. -Review of lab equipment and the metric system -Review lab of safety, room procedures, lab equipment and measurements -Sciences of Earth Science: geology, astronomy, meteorology, oceanography -Quest 1: Sciences of Earth Science Chemistry Unit (All materials used for this section are supplementary) -Matter Quest 2 -Elements of the periodic table -elemental symbols and names -atoms, subatomic particles -chemical and physical properties of matter -density -compounds, mixtures and solutions -acids and bases Determine and use appropriate safety procedures, tools, measurements, graphs and mathematical analyses to describe and investigate natural and designed systems in Earth and physical science contexts Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance and use physical properties including color, solubility, density, melting point and boiling point to separate mixtures and identify pure substances. Use physical properties to distinguish between metals and nonmetals. Identify evidence of chemical changes, including color change, gas evolution, solid formation and temperature change. Distinguish between chemical and physical changes in matter. Use the particle model of matter to explain how mass is conserved during physical and chemical changes in a closed system. Mineral Unit -characteristics of minerals -groups of minerals -classification of minerals -Mineral Quest 3 -Hardness lab -Mineral Practical Test Rock Cycle and Rocks Unit -Quest 4 Rock cycle -Quest 5, 6, and 7 Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks -Rock and Rock cycle Graphic Organizer -King of the Kingdom review game -Composition and texture for each rock type -Rock Test Recognize that acids are compounds whose properties include a sour taste, characteristic color changes with litmus and other acid/base indicators, and the tendency to react with bases to produce a salt and water Classify and identify rocks and minerals using characteristics including, but not limited to, density, hardness and streak for minerals; and texture and composition for rocks Classify and identify rocks and minerals using characteristics including, but not limited to, density, hardness and streak for minerals; and texture and composition for rocks. Relate rock composition and texture to physical conditions at the time of formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.

2 Focus Words for Quarter One Atom Element Proton Electron Neutron Covalent bond Ionic bond Compound Solution Solute Solvent Mixture Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture Colloid Tindall Effect Mineral Crystal Silicates Non-Silicates Surface mining Subsurface mining Reclamation Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Extrusive Intrusive Dike/sills, batholith, pluton Foliated Non-foliated Metamorphism Conduction Convection Radiation Strata-stratification Weathering Erosion Deposition cementation Quarter Two-Scientific Models and Lithosphere and Plate Tectonics Scientific Models (Chapter 1-Section2) -types of scientific models: physical, conceptual and mathematical -quest -types of maps -latitude and longitude -satellites and GPS -topographical maps Topographical Map 3-D project -students take a 2D map and create a 3D physical model Plate Tectonics Unit -Quest plate tectonics review of heat transfer (esp. convection) -layers of inner earth -how did we discover these layers are the phase they are, seismic waves -continental drift -Pangea activity -plate tectonics -boundaries -consequences at boundaries from plate movement -folding and faulting -normal and reverse faults -mountain building Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Earth s History -volcano videos -Earthquake quest on measuring magnitudes -seismic waves and finding the epicenter -building in an earthquake zone lab -uniformitarianism vs catastrophism Use maps, satellite images and other data sets to describe patterns and make predictions about local and global systems in Earth science contexts Explain how seismic waves transfer energy through the layers of the Earth and across its surface. Recognize that the Earth is composed of layers, and describe the properties of the layers, including the lithosphere, mantle and core. Correlate the distribution of ocean trenches, mid-ocean ridges and mountain ranges to volcanic and seismic activity. Recognize that major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and mountain building, result from the slow movement of tectonic plates. Explain how landforms result from the processes of crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, weathering, erosion and deposition of sediment. Explain how seismic waves transfer energy through the layers of the Earth and across its surface. Interpret successive layers of sedimentary rocks and their fossils to infer relative ages of rock sequences, past geologic events, changes in environmental conditions, and the appearance and extinction of life forms.

3 -relative dating vs absolute dating -earth s history: graphic organizer Focus Words for Quarter Two Contour line Contour index Magnetic north Geographic north Latitude longitude Prime meridian Equator Hemisphere Compass rose Scale Contour interval Elevation GPS Convection Conduction Radiation Core (inner and outer) Mantle Magma Lava Asthenosphere Lithosphere Convection currents Convergent Divergent Transform Fault Anticline Syncline Monocline Normal fault Reverse fault Footwall Hanging wall Continental drift Pangea Plate tectonics Seismic Subduction zone Trench Epicenter P-waves S-waves Seismogram/graph Ritcher Scale Quarter Three- Reshaping the Earth, Water and Ocean Currents, Moon Phases Weathering and erosion review Water as an erosional source Water distribution Glacial Activity Minnesota s History of geology and glaciers Ocean currents Coriolis Effect Atmosphere Layers of the atmosphere Review heat transfer Greenhouse effect and climate change Recognize that oceans have a major effect on global climate because water in the oceans holds a large amount of heat Explain how heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection within the atmosphere and hydrosphere producing winds, ocean currents and the water cycle, as well as influencing global climate. Describe how the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere affects energy absorption, climate, and the distribution of particulates and gases. Focus Words for Quarter Three Greenhouse Effect Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Ozone Layer Coriolis Effect Weathering Erosion Terminal Moraine Receeding moraine Kettle Lakes Drumlins Aurora Borealis

4 Radiation Convection Wind Neap tide Spring Tide Rotation Revolution Moon Phases Waxing Waning Atmosphere Layers of the atmosphere Review heat transfer Greenhouse effect and climate change Air pressure and temperature of atmospheric layers Quarter Four-Weather-Climate and Space and MCA Review Explain how heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection within the atmosphere and hydrosphere producing winds, ocean currents and the water cycle, as well as influencing global climate. Describe how the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere affects energy absorption, climate, and the distribution of particulates and gases.

5 Weather Climate Space Apollo 13 and other Apollo missions Explain how the combination of the Earth's tilted axis and revolution around the sun causes the progression of seasons. Recognize that oceans have a major effect on global climate because water in the oceans holds a large amount of heat. Explain how heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection within the atmosphere and hydrosphere producing winds, ocean currents and the water cycle, as well as influencing global climate. Describe how the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere affects energy absorption, climate, and the distribution of particulates and gases. For example: Certain gases contribute to the greenhouse effect. Analyze changes in wind direction, temperature, humidity and air pressure and relate them to fronts and pressure systems. Relate global weather patterns to patterns in regional and local weather. Describe the location, composition and use of major water reservoirs on the Earth, and the transfer of water among them. Describe how the water cycle distributes materials and purifies water Recognize that the sun is a medium sized star, one of billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy, and the closest star to Earth. Describe how gravity and inertia keep most objects in the solar system in regular and predictable motion. Recognize that gravitational force exists between any two objects and describe how the masses of the objects and distance between them affect the force. Compare and contrast the sizes, locations, and compositions of the planets and moons in our solar system MCA Review-Test April 29 Environmental PBL Use the predictable motions of the Earth around its own axis and around the sun, and of the moon around the Earth, to explain day length, the phases of the moon, and eclipses. Describe how mineral and fossil fuel resources have formed over millions of years, and explain why these resources are finite and non-renewable over human time frames. Recognize that land and water use practices affect natural processes and that natural processes interfere and interact with human systems. Focus Words for Quarter Four Thermal conduction Radiation Convection Wind Polar Easterlies Prevailing Westerlies Trade winds Horse Latitudes Doldrums Pressure

6 Jet stream Humidity Relative humidity Weather Climate Air mass Front Occluded Cyclones Anticyclones Hurricane Tornado Apollo Missions Astronomy Ptolemy Year-day-month Electromagnetic spectrum Altitude Zenith Light-year Doppler effect Red shift Blue shift Spectrum Stars Planets Comets Quasars Parallax Apparent magnitude Absolute Magnitude Red giant White dwarf Black hole H-R diagram Super nova Nebula Neutron star Pulsar Galaxies Sun Solar flares Prominences Sunspots NOTE: These standards are used throughout 8 th grade labs, but specific standards are covered during 7 th grade Scientific Method Unit