8UNIT. External dynamics of the Earth. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives
|
|
- Alicia Barber
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 8UNIT External dynamics of the Earth What do you remember? Can you name the solids in the photograph? nd the liquid? Is the liquid moving? How does it move? What is the name of this formation of water? How do you think it was formed? How do you think this formation will change in the future? Content objectives In this unit you will Identify different types of weathering Learn how erosion, transportation and deposition change the landscape Understand the ways the landscape is shaped by the action of different agents Learn how sedimentary rocks are formed Make an experimental model of a cliff recession Key language Defining Glaciers are masses of moving ice. Expressing possibility The pressure of the roots may cause the rocks to break. Wind may erode, transport and deposit rock materials. Expressing cause and result Weathering is mainly due to the action of atmospheric agents. Mechanical weathering is mainly caused by changes in temperature. 86
2 1. What is weathering? Weathering is the process which causes rocks and minerals to break down and disintegrate into smaller pieces. It is mainly due to the action of atmospheric agents, such as water, wind, ice and ocean movements. There are two climatic factors which also affect the processes of weathering. These are: Temperature. High temperatures may facilitate chemical reactions which help to disintegrate some types of rock. Humidity. Humidity may also facilitate chemical reactions, for example, in forest areas. In dry desert areas these types of reaction cannot take place. There are three types of weathering: Chemical weathering is the decomposition of rocks through chemical reactions. This process changes the mineral composition of rocks. It is mainly caused by water. Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks through the activity of living things, for example, plants. Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals into small-sized particles through physical forces. Mechanical weathering is mainly caused by changes in temperature, such as freezing and thawing, and the effects of wind, rain and waves. ccumulation of rock fragments produced by weathering. Biological weathering. Plants extend their roots into cracks in rocks. The pressure of the roots may cause the rocks to break. The roots may also produce organic acids which help to break down rocks chemically. 87
3 Example of mechanical weathering Freeze-thaw weathering. This is an example of mechanical weathering, mainly found in mountainous regions. The main cause is a temperature fluctuation from below freezing point to above it. Example of chemical weathering Rainwater is slightly acidic. When it comes into contact with rocks, such as sandstone or limestone, a chemical reaction takes place, causing the rock to break down. Water and warm temperatures can speed up this process, so it mainly occurs in warm, wet places. water Water flows into cracks in a rock during the day. ice Chemical weathering has shaped this landscape. 1. Copy and complete. t night, when the water freezes, it expands. The ice acts as a wedge. Weathering Chemical Process involves chemical reactions Consequences changes in mineral composition of rocks Biological Mechanical The freeze-thaw cycle is repeated, and eventually the rock cracks. 2. How do temperature and water affect each type of weathering? Explain. 3. Where would chemical weathering be more active, in the rainforest or in the desert? Explain. 4. Describe the process of freeze-thaw weathering. First, water flows into cracks in a rock. Then, at night 88
4 2. Which agents shape landscape? The agents which shape landscape are water, wind, ice and ocean movement. Gravity is the main driving force behind all these agents. These agents are responsible for the following processes: Erosion. Erosion moves small pieces of weathered rocks to another place. For millions of years, erosion has shaped the landscape. Transportation. This process moves rock material which has eroded. This process is usually carried out by the same agent which causes the erosion. Deposition. Moving rock materials are deposited. This process occurs when there is a decrease in the energy of the transporting agent. 5. Copy and complete the definitions. The agents which shape the landscape are: Erosion: Transportation: 6. How are weathering and erosion different? 7. Explain how beaches may have sand originating from weathered rocks from a far away place. The amount of energy of the agent, in this case, water, affects the intensity of erosion. Different landscapes show how rocks can be more resistant or less resistant to erosion. Water in rivers can break off fragments of rock. Then, the current transports them to another place. Particles can be transported along surfaces or in suspension. Formation of dunes. Sand is deposited by the wind. The wind collects the sand from a beach where it has been deposited by waves. 89
5 3. How does wind shape landscape? Wind may erode, transport and deposit rock materials to change the landscape. ll the processes involving the wind are known as eolian processes. Wind is only an effective agent in places where it is strong, usually in dry regions with not much vegetation. B sand columns barchan erg mushroom - shaped rocks D C. The wind picks up small particles and leaves the larger ones. This eolian process is called deflation. B. The accumulation of sand produces dunes. Ergs are areas of sandy desert. Barchans are crescent-shaped dunes. C. Rock particles (sand) carried by the wind can erode solid rock. D. Large grains of sand carried by the wind are blown at low heights. These erode the base of a rock. The result is mushroom-shaped rocks.this eolian process is called abrasion. ctivity 8. Describe how a mushroom-shaped rock is formed. First, large grains of sand are carried by the wind... 90
6 4. How do glaciers shape landscape? Glaciers are masses of moving ice. They are only found in alpine and polar regions. Ice moves very slowly from high areas to low areas by the force of gravity. s a glacier moves, it drags rock materials and erodes the surfaces in its path. Glaciers cut U-shaped valleys which are called glacial valleys. B steep relief glacial cirque glacial tongue U-shaped valley moraine D C. Ice causes intense mechanical weathering of rocks, forming very steep relief. B. Glacial cirques are rounded depressions where snow accumulates and changes to ice. C. Ice forms glacial tongues which carry and deposit rock material known as moraine. D. Glacial tongues cut U-shaped valleys. 9. Write the meaning of the following words. Then make a drawing to illustrate each one. barchan erg glacial tongue U-shaped valley moraine 10. How is moraine formed? In which part of the world can you find moraine? Did you know that...? The word glacier comes from French. In the Savoy dialect, glacière means "moving mass of ice." In Old French glace means "ice, from Classical Latin, glacies. 91
7 5. How do rivers and rain shape landscape? Rivers shape landscape Rivers also carry out erosion, transportation and deposition to change the landscape. The dominant process depends on the velocity of the water: source upper course In the upper course, rivers flow fast. Erosion and transportation are the dominant processes. s a result, valleys are narrow and deep. In the middle course, the velocity of the water decreases. Transportation is dominant. s a result, valleys are wide. The river has less capacity of erosion, so the water flows to form deep bends called meanders. In the lower course, rivers are slow. Deposition is dominant. s a result, the valley flattens out. middle course meanders wide river valley lower course Rainwater shapes landscape Rainwater is a very effective agent for eroding and shaping landscape, especially in areas with dry climates and torrential rains. gullies alluvial cone B Erosion by water forms gullies in the land. Gradually, gullies get deeper and become ravines and gorges. ravine C alluvial fan fairy chimneys 11. Match each statement to the upper, middle or lower course of a river. a. Transportation is dominant here. b. The valley flattens out. c. Erosion and transportation are dominant. d. Meanders are frequent here. 12. Gullies are found in the upper course of a stream, where the landscape is very steep. Can you find gullies in the middle course or lower course of a river?. In the alluvial cone, erosion is very intense and gullies form. B. Fairy chimneys are tall, conical rock formations, caused by erosion. C. lluvial fans are areas which are at risk from floods. alluvial fan fairy chimneys 92
8 6. How does groundwater shape landscape? Landscapes produced by the dissolving action of water on rock, on or under the surface of the Earth, are known as karst landscapes. Water containing dissolved carbon dioxide is acidic. cidic water can dissolve calcium carbonate (calcite) found in limestone. Most caves are formed by this process. When water drips inside caves, the dissolved calcium carbonate forms deposits. B B sinkhole (doline) cave Stalactites are deposits which grow downward from the cave ceiling. Stalagmites are deposits which grow upward from the cave floor.. Sinkholes or dolines are depressions which are produced by the collapse of underground cavities. B. Caves are large underground cavities where stalactites and stalagmites form. 7. How do oceans shape landscape? beach cliff There are three types of ocean water motions which affect coastal landscapes: Waves are effective agents of erosion, transportation and deposition of rock particles and sand. Wave action shapes sea cliffs which form different coastal landforms. spit sand bar arch Tides are effective agents of transportation. During high tide, waves pick up and carry sand and other materials from beaches. The waves deposit this material when the tide is lower. Currents are effective agents of transportation. Waves undercut the base of sea cliffs. This causes blocks of rock to fall, resulting in cliff recession. The accumulation of sand from erosion forms beaches. 13. What is the main agent which forms karst landscapes? 14. What are the three main water motions which affect coastal landscapes? 93
9 8. How are sedimentary rocks formed? Sedimentary rocks are generally formed through the following processes: 1 Sedimentation. Layers of sediment are deposited over millions of years. 2 Compaction. The weight of the sediments on top compresses the sediments at the bottom. The water is squeezed out from between the pieces of rock. s a result, crystals of different salts form. 3 Cementation. The crystals form a sort of glue which sticks or cements the pieces of rock together. 1 water 2 Sedimentation Compaction 3 Cementation sedimentary rock limestone sandstone conglomerate gypsum Types of sedimentary rocks 15. Copy and complete the definitions. 16. Why do sedimentary rocks form in layers? The formation of sedimentary rocks: Sedimentation: 17. If you look at a large piece of sedimentary rock, which layer was the earliest one formed? Which was the most recent layer formed? 18. Explain the difference between compaction and cementation. Compaction occurs when the weight of the sediments on top... 94
10 Hands on Experimental models: Cliff recession Materials large, rectangular tray sand water bucket spade 1. Prepare the model. First, pack wet sand in the bucket until it is full. Next, turn the bucket upside down in the tray. The sandcastle represents the cliff. Then, fill the tray half way up with water. Finally, use the spade to make gentle waves. The waves should hit the base of the sandcastle. 2. Observe the process. Continue to make waves for about ten minutes. During this time, you can observe these processes: The waves will undercut the base of the sandcastle. Small blocks or pieces of sand will fall off. The fallen sand will accumulate at the bottom or form little islands. s the fallen sand is moved by the waves, it will form a submerged, sandy surface. 3. Compare the model to the real process. On a real cliff, fragments of rock accumulate as they are broken off by the action of the waves. In the model, this process is represented by blocks or pieces of fallen sand broken off by the waves. part of the sandcastle is left projecting over the water. In the case of a real cliff, a beach could form under this projection. 19. Record the stages of recession in the sandcastle cliff. dd drawings or photos of the experiment. Label the changes which take place in the sandcastle cliff. 20. Do you think cliff recession could be a problem for people living in coastal areas? Explain your answer. 95
11 + 21. Copy the following drawings in your notebook. 28. What is the difference between stalactites and stalagmites? Where do you find them? 29. Copy and complete. How rivers shape landscape dd labels to explain the process, and indicate the type of weathering. 22. Find examples of chemical, mechanical or biological weathering near where you live. Which type of weathering is most dominant? Why is this explained by the climate? Course Velocity Processes Results Upper course Middle course Lower course 30. Copy the following drawing of a glacier in your notebook. 23. On the Iberian Peninsula, many cliffs are eroding because of wave motion. However, not all of them are eroding at the same rate. Why? 24. Can chemical weathering continue during transportation? Explain how. 25. Copy the drawing in your notebook. Label the cirque and the glacial tongue, and indicate where the moraine has been deposited. 31. Copy this diagram of a cliff. Include an explanation of the process it shows. Indicate whether it shows erosion or sedimentation, and what the result will be. 26. What type of weathering would dominate in a region with a cold, dry climate? Explain. 27. The Gran Canyon was formed by the Colorado River over millions of years. Find out how long it is, and how wide it is at its narrowest and widest points. dd labels to explain the erosion process represented. Describe the formations which erosion is causing. 32. Can a beach be formed in a coastal area with strong currents? Explain why or why not. 96
12 What should you know? 8 Weathering Mechanical weathering breaks rocks by physical forces. Chemical weathering decomposes rocks by chemical reactions. Biological weathering breaks down rocks by the action of living things. EXTERNL DYNMICS OF THE ERTH Erosion, transportation and deposition Shaping of the landscape Erosion moves weathered pieces of rocks to a different place. Transportation moves eroded rock material along surfaces or in suspension. Deposition deposits moving rock materials. This occurs when there is a decrease in energy in the transporting process. Wind may erode, transport and deposit rock materials to change the landscape. It is only an effective agent in places where it is strong, usually in dry regions with scant vegetation. Glaciers are masses of moving ice. They cut U-shaped valleys known as glacial valleys. Rivers also carry out erosion, transportation and deposition which change the landscape. The dominant process depends on the velocity of the water. Rainwater is a very effective agent for eroding and shaping relief features in areas with dry climates and torrential rain. Groundwater causes the dissolution of limestone rock and forms karst landscapes. Ocean waves, tides and currents shape coastal landscapes. Formation of sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock is formed from sediments through the following processes: Sedimentation Compaction Cementation Projects INVESTIGTE: Write a report on ways of preventing damage from rainwater, groundwater and wind. INVESTIGTE: What relationship is there between weathering, acid rain, and the deterioration of monuments? WEB TSK: Describe a trip to a glacier or to a desert. 97
What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using
7 th Grade Lesson What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using the sentence frame. You have 4 minutes. Weathering is. This changes the Earth s surface because. 1
More informationSurface Events & Landforms. Mrs. Green
Surface Events & Landforms Mrs. Green Bell Work 1) Which event MOST likely causes the slowest change to the surface of Earth? a) Earthquake b) Landslide c) Volcano d) Wind 2) When cold weather freezes
More information1/6/ th Grade Earth s Surface. Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition. Lesson 1 (Mass Movement)
Lesson 1 (Mass Movement) 7 th Grade Earth s Surface Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition Weathering the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth s surface Mechanical weathering when rock
More informationErosion and Deposition
Erosion and Deposition Erosion Sediment natural forces move rock/soil from one place to another. gravity, water, wind, glaciers, waves are causes material moved by erosion Deposition when erosion lays
More informationTHE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH
THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH Key words Drain geological agent weathering erosion Sediment deposition transport The landscape is a consequence of the action of two types of geological processes; internal
More informationEARTH S CHANGING SURFACE
EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth
More informationChapter 3 Erosion and Deposition. The Big Question:
Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition The Big Question: 1 Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc 2 Chapter 3: Erosion and
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More informationWeathering and Erosion
Weathering and Erosion OBJECTIVE: Explain how erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface by matching and using models How do erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface? Deposition Formation Transported
More informationErosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Erosion and Deposition Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Key Concepts What are the stages of stream development? How do water erosion and deposition change Earth s surface? How do wind
More informationWATER S EFFECT EARTH S 10.4
WATER S EFFECT ON SHAPING EARTH S SURFACE 10.4 OBJECTIVES Water is always on the move through the water cycle Explain that no matter what form water is in, it has the ability to reshape the surface of
More informationAnalyzing our Topic IF SO, MAKE THE CHANGES AND BE READY TO REPORT OUT!
Analyzing our Topic Look at the opening slide. Does anything there (words, pictures) make you want to change your thoughts from the smarties and chalk activities? IF SO, MAKE THE CHANGES AND BE READY TO
More informationWeathering & Erosion
Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#1 - Notebook Weathering & Erosion LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the process of weathering. I can explain why weathering is important. I can describe the difference
More informationWeathering, Erosion and Deposition
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another
More informationChanging Earth s Surface
Name Date Class Changing Earth s Surface What processes wear down and build up Earth s surface? What causes the different types of mass movement? Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered
More informationEROSION AND DEPOSITION
CHAPTER 8 EROSION AND DEPOSITION SECTION 8 1 Changing Earth s Surface (pages 252-255) This section explains how sediment is carried away and deposited elsewhere to wear down and build up Earth s surface.
More informationUNIT SEVEN: Earth s Water. Chapter 21 Water and Solutions. Chapter 22 Water Systems. Chapter 23 How Water Shapes the Land
UNIT SEVEN: Earth s Water Chapter 21 Water and Solutions Chapter 22 Water Systems Chapter 23 How Water Shapes the Land Chapter Twenty-Three: How Water Shapes the Land 23.1 Weathering and Erosion 23.2
More informationDay 3 Weathering and Erosion.notebook. October 02, Section 7.2. Erosion and Deposition. Objectives
Objectives Describe the relationship of gravity to all agents of erosion. Contrast the features left from different types of erosion. Analyze the impact of living and nonliving things on the processes
More informationSediment and Sedimentary rock
Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces
More informationTHE SCIENCE OF MAPS. ATL Skill: Critical thinking - Use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues
THE SCIENCE OF MAPS 8.9C interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering ATL Skill: Critical thinking
More informationConstructive and Destructive Forces. Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features
Constructive and Destructive Forces Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? Constructive Force A constructive force is a process that raises or builds
More information10/27/2014. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes
Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 25 Surface or surficial processes originate at Earth's surface and reshape its contours. Surface processes include: Weathering Erosion Deposition
More informationEarth s Dynamic Surface
Earth s Dynamic Surface Key Concepts What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering? How do water, ice, and wind change Earth s surface? Changing Earth s Surface What do you think? Read
More informationSection I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
More informationErosion and Deposition
Erosion and Deposition The Erosion-Deposition Process What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationWhat are the different ways rocks can be weathered?
Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with
More information1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below
1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below freezing B) a wet climate in which temperatures alternate
More informationThe Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions
The Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions 7.8B: I can analyze the effects of weathering, erosion, and deposition on the environment in ecoregions of Texas Weathering The breakdown
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE. Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion
TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion Core Concepts Precipitation (caused by the water cycle) and wind cause rocks to be broken into smaller pieces in the process called
More informationClass Notes: Surface Processes
Name: Date: Period: Surface Processes The Physical Setting: Earth Science Class Notes: Surface Processes I. Weathering and Soils Weathering -! Sediments -! Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to:
More informationCHAPTER 4 NOTES -WEATHERING AND EROSION- LESSON 4.1: TYPES OF WEATHERING
CHAPTER 4 NOTES -WEATHERING AND EROSION- LESSON 4.1: TYPES OF WEATHERING WEATHERING Weathering- the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature. - the breakdown of large rocks into fragments
More informationWeathering, Erosion, and Deposition Guided Notes
1. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition 2. Outline Section 1: Weathering Section 2: Erosion Section 3: Deposition Section 4: Case Study Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Guided Notes 3. Section 1: Weathering
More informationWater Erosion (pages )
Water Erosion (pages 272 281) Runoff and Erosion (pages 273 274) Key Concept: Moving water is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth s land surface. Falling raindrops can loosen and pick
More informationPratice Surface Processes Test
1. The cross section below shows the movement of wind-driven sand particles that strike a partly exposed basalt cobble located at the surface of a windy desert. Which cross section best represents the
More informationName: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank.
Name: Period: _ Date: _ ID: A Unit 7 Practice Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. 1. What term describes the movement of rock
More informationEarth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3
Earth Science Chapter 9 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Read Section 9.1 Surface Water Chapter 9 Term Sheet Notes over Section 9.1 Surface Water Section 9.1 Review Worksheets Quiz over Section 9.1 Notes Virtual Lab
More informationChanges to Land 5.7B. landforms: features on the surface of Earth such as mountains, hills, dunes, oceans and rivers
All the landforms on Earth have changed over time and continue to change. Many of the changes were caused by wind, moving water, and moving ice. Mountains have grown and shrunk. Rivers have cut away land
More informationFigure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?
1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream
More informationGlaciers. 1. The photograph below shows the results of a landslide.
Name: Date: 1. The photograph below shows the results of a landslide. This landslide is an example of A) wind abrasion B) glacial deposition C) wave action D) mass movement 2. Which agent of erosion is
More informationThink about the landforms where you live. How do you think they have changed over time? How do you think they will change in the future?
reflect All the landforms on Earth have changed over time and continue to change. Many of the changes were caused by wind, moving water, and moving ice. Mountains have grown and shrunk. Rivers have cut
More informationGrade 5 Hands on Science Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Grade 5 Hands on Science Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Objective: To demonstrate and investigate the effect of weathering, water and wind erosion and the subsequent deposition into landforms. Background:
More informationScience EOG Review: Landforms
Mathematician Science EOG Review: Landforms Vocabulary Definition Term canyon deep, large, V- shaped valley formed by a river over millions of years of erosion; sometimes called gorges (example: Linville
More informationRead Across America. Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano
Read Across America Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano Constructive & Destructive Processes Earth s surface is always changing. Blowing wind and flowing water causes
More informationEcoregions Glossary. 7.8B: Changes To Texas Land Earth and Space
Ecoregions Glossary Ecoregions The term ecoregions was developed by combining the terms ecology and region. Ecology is the study of the interrelationship of organisms and their environments. The term,
More informationWEATHERING, EROSION & DEPOSITION STUDY GUIDE
WEATHERING, EROSION & DEPOSITION STUDY GUIDE Weathering: The difference between mechanical & chemical weathering is: Sort terms as being mechanical/physical or chemical weathering: acid rain, root splitting
More information1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product
Weathering 1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product End Result of physical weathering is increased surface area. 2. Physical
More informationHow does Rock become Exposed to the Surface?
Weathering How does Rock become Exposed to the Surface? Most rocks, like granite, form under earth s surface. The rocks uplift and eventually make their way to earth s surface. Conditions on the surface
More informationEarth s crust is made mostly of Igneous rocks. There are 3 main types of Sedimentary Rocks: 1. Clastic 2. Chemical 3. Organic
Sedimentary Rocks Earth s crust is made mostly of Igneous rocks. But, most rocks on Earth s s surface are Sedimentary Rocks.. (75%) Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are made of broken-down
More informationWearing Down Landforms
Wearing Down Landforms Denudation Denudation has also been called gradation. It is the Natural loss of soil and rock debris, blown away by wind or washed away by running water, laying bare the rock below.
More informationWeathering Erosion and Deposition. Presented by Kesler Science
Weathering Erosion and Deposition Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What effects do weathering, erosion, and deposition have on the environment in ecoregions? Weathering Chemical and
More informationunit 6 Review sheet 4. The photograph below shows a sandstone butte in an arid region. A. U-shaped valley B. V-shaped valley C. cliff D.
Name: ate: 1. The large waterfall at Niagara Falls, New York, was originally located at the Niagara Escarpment. Which term best describes an escarpment? 4. The photograph below shows a sandstone butte
More informationPotential short answer questions: What is Pangea? Describe at least 4 pieces of evidence that led Wegener to suggest the theory of Continental Drift.
6th Grade Earth Science Fall Semester Mid-Term Study Guide The mid-term may include: 4 short answer questions,1-2 sketches to draw and/or label, 4 partially filled charts which you should complete, 30
More informationUnit 7.2 W.E.D. & Topography Test
Name: Score: Unit 7.2 W.E.D. & Topography Test 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 1. The formation of mountains is due mainly to while the destruction
More informationWeathering and Erosion
Have you ever looked at the land around you and wondered how it was shaped? The geologic features that help define the world are still being shaped by the natural processes of weathering, erosion, and
More information1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart.
1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart. 4. Which process involves either a physical or chemical breakdown of earth materials?
More informationEarth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2
Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Review, Part 2 2015 Chemical Weathering -The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. Examples that cause chemical weathering include the action of water
More informationWatch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the
Watch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the beautiful features. Be as specific as possible. Discuss
More informationRelative aging, fossils, natural disasters
Relative aging, fossils, natural disasters Rocks breaking down into smaller pieces Water that moves over Earth s surface Causes sheet erosion Moves downhill Forms rills and gullies Erosion creates valleys,
More information1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into
More informationSedimentary Rocks - are one of the three main rock types
Today s Objective: What Makes Sedimentary Rocks Special? Sedimentary Rocks - are one of the three main rock types A sedimentary rock can form one of three ways: 1. by the deposition of the weathered remains
More informationRocks don't form into the three types of rocks and stay there. The Earth is constantly changing and in motion. The rock cycle demonstrates how a rock
Rocks don't form into the three types of rocks and stay there. The Earth is constantly changing and in motion. The rock cycle demonstrates how a rock can start out as one type and change into another.
More information2/23/2009. Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Deserts and Drylands. Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 6 Deserts, Glaciers and Ice Sheets Chapter Overview Deserts and Drylands Glaciers and Ice Sheets Deserts Geography Categorization of deserts
More informationWhat factors affect the angle of a slope?
Climate Rock type and Structure What factors affect the angle of a slope? Aspect Fast mass movements Slides: Slides are movements along the SLIP PLANE, i.e. a line of weakness in the rock or soil structure.
More informationcore mantle crust the center of the Earth the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock
core the center of the Earth mantle the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock crust the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans 1 continental drift the theory
More informationWhat is a water table? What is an aquifer? What is the difference between a spring and a well?
CHAPTER 11 3 Water Underground SECTION The Flow of Fresh Water BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a water table? What is an aquifer? What
More information1 Shoreline Erosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 12 1 Shoreline Erosion and Deposition SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a shoreline? How
More informationDraw a picture of an erupting volcano and label using the following words/phrases: magma; lava; cools slowly; cools quickly; intrusive; extrusive
Lesson 3.2a NOTES: Igneous Rocks (Unlock) Essential Question: How are igneous rocks described? Learning Target: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed and classified Igneous Rock How does igneous
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen
More information1. Erosion by Running Water Most powerful cause of erosion
I. Destructive Forces Notes: Destructive force: a process in which land is destroyed or changed such as weathering and erosion. All landforms are a result of a combination of constructive and destructive
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks Rocks made of bits & pieces of other rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen
More informationChapter 2. Denudation: Rivers and Ice
Chapter 2. Denudation: Rivers and Ice DENUDATION: process that lowers level of land - caused by rivers, glaciers, waves & wind - involves processes of WEATHERING & EROSION Weathering Def: breakdown of
More informationChapter 10: Water Systems on Earth
Chapter 10: Water Systems on Earth The Hydrosphere Water covers 70% of the Earth 3 % of the Earth s water is fresh only 1/3 of that is liquid (rest is frozen glaciers) therefore, only 1% of Earth s water
More informationSection 1: Weathering and Soil Formation. We will study some of the processes that contribute to soil formation
Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation We will study some of the processes that contribute to soil formation ***Minerals form rocks. The decomposition of rocks and minerals will form soil. Minerals are
More informationWhich process is represented by letter F? A) capillarity B) infiltration C) condensation D) vaporization
1. Water's covalent bond is due to A) water's ability to stick to stick to other materials B) a slight negative charge of O and positive charge of H C) an uneven sharing of electrons D) both B and C 2.
More informationSediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment
Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary
More informationLab 7: Sedimentary Structures
Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the
More informationSection 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion
Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Key Terms Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Plate Tectonics
More informationIntroduction to Weathering
Name: Date: Period: Unit 9: Earth s Destructive Forces A. Kinds of Weathering Introduction to Weathering Distinguish between two major processes that change the Earth surface. Identify two types of weathering.
More informationHow does erosion happen?
How does erosion happen? By National Geographic, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.03.17 Word Count 682 Level 830L These rock formations, in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, are called hoodoos. Although
More informationThe Nature of Sedimentary Rocks
The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed of: Fragments of other rocks Chemical precipitates Organic matter or biochemically produced materials The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary
More information- Take a notes packet from trapezoid table. - Start vocab on notes packet
- Take a notes packet from trapezoid table. - Start vocab on notes packet Objectives: You will learn about weathering and its effects. You will learn to explain what mechanical weathering is and how it
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions
More informationSTUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement
Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope
More information13. Sedimentary Rocks I (p )
13. Sedimentary Rocks I (p. 194-208) Sediment Deposition Weathering results in rock being broken down into smaller fragments, called regolith. This regolith is then broken down to form soil. The regolith
More informationIntroduction The Exam...vii. 1. Maps and Photographs...1
CONTENTS Introduction The Exam...vii Section 1...vii Section 2...viii 1. Maps and Photographs...1 Grid references on maps...1 Scale and measuring distance...3 Directions on maps...5 Area on maps...6 Height
More informationTo get you thinking Explain how these different layers of rock formed? Why are these layers different colors? Sedimentary Rocks
To get you thinking Explain how these different layers of rock formed? Why are these layers different colors? Sedimentary Rocks Bryce Canyon, Utah Badlands, South Dakota Weathering Whenever rock is exposed
More informationA Sedimentary Rock is..
Sedimentary Rocks A Sedimentary Rock is.. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic
More informationUnit 3 Review - Surface Processes
Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit
More informationwater erosion lithosphere Describe the process of erosion and deposition. chemical weathering Dissolving limestone is an example of.
At one time, there was one large island off the coast of Mississippi and now it is two separate islands. What caused the island to be split into two? water erosion The crust and the top part of the upper
More informationChapter: Weathering and Erosion
Chapter: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation Minerals form rocks Rocks form soil Weathering Weathering is a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller
More informationErosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment.
+ Erosion Surface Water moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Surface Water 2 Water from rainfall can hit Earth s surface and do a number of things: Slowly soak into the ground: Infiltration
More informationErosion and Deposition
Erosion and Deposition Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Water erosion begins when runoff from rainfall flows in a thin layer over the land
More informationChapter 2. Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice. Physical Weathering
Chapter 2 Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice Physical Weathering Weathering vs. Erosion Weathering is the breakdown of rock and minerals. Erosion is a two fold process that starts with 1) breakdown
More informationWednesday, October 10 th
Wednesday, October 10 th Page 13a (left side) / Place Lab on table Objective: We will describe the different types of weathering and erosion and identify evidence of each type. Warm-up: 1. What is weathering?
More informationWeathering of Rocks. Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks
Weathering of Rocks Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks Mechanical weathering requires physical forces to break rocks into smaller pieces. Chemical
More informationStudent Exploration: Weathering
Name: Date: Student Exploration: Weathering Vocabulary: abrasion, chemical weathering, clay formation, climate, dissolving, frost wedging, granite, limestone, mechanical weathering, rusting, sandstone,
More informationTips for Success on a Test
Number of Incorrect: Final Grade: Parent Signature: Top Tips for Success on a Test 1. Read the following statements at least two times. 2. Circle the key words in each question/ or statement. (*Remember
More informationSedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris
Rocks! Objectives Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock Distinguish between clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks Identify the features that are
More informationUnit 3 Study Guide -- Greenberg science, 6C
Unit 3 Study Guide -- Greenberg science, 6C Name Pd. Date / / 2018 + +5 extra credit points on the test if submitted complete and correct ON THE TEST DATE. + A copy can be found on my website mgreenberg.weebly.com
More information