[ 5 ], JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Mar., 2008 ; : P467 : A : (2008) : ; :

Transcription

1 23 2 Vol123 No JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Mar., , 2, 1, 3, 2 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ) : EOS - MOD IS,21,, :52, 2001,, ; ,,; 21 : ; ; ; : P467: A : (2008) ,,, 1. 0km , km 2, m [ 1 ] [ 2 ],,,,,,,, [ 14 ], 5 300, km 2,,, [ 5 ], , [ 2, 6, 7 ], : ; : : ( ) ; (2005D IB3J109) : (1971- ),,,,, E2mail: qhxnll@ sohu. com

2 246 23,34,,,, 2001 EOS2MOD IS, 612, 21 2, , ,26 541km 2, m,, [ 5 ] NASA EOS2MOD IS (1 ) 1 EO S2MOD IS Table 1The acquisition time of EOS2MOD IS clear sky data on highland lakes in the headwaters MOD IS, EOS/ MOD IS,, km [ 8 ], [ 9 ],2,X i = (X i + X i - 1 ) /2, ,0. 39/10a 0. 15/10a0. 28/10a,,, 0. 53/10a 0. 10/10a 0. 21/10a0. 28/ 10a,, 24;, 0. 01,,,,,,, 21, 52,

3 2 : ( a) ( b)( c) Fig11Annual mean m inimum ( a), maximum ( b) and annual mean air temperature ( c) in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver in ,52, 4. 32mm /10a, 0. 56mm /10a 3. 89mm /10a mm /10a mm /10a,,,0. 01,2 ( b), 1989, [ 10 ],,,,2001, ( a) ( b) Fig12Curves of annual p recip itation in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver in ,52,, 12. 0mm /10a, ,,, 2. 22mm /10a 4. 55mm /10a 3. 64mm /10a 1. 38mm /10a,

4 ,0. 001,,, 21,,,, [ 11 ],,,,, ( a) ( b) Fig13Curves of annual evaporation in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver in ,, cm, , cm /10a cm /10a cm /10a 2. 3mm /10a,,,,; d, ,, [ 12 ] 2001,, ( a)( b) Fig14Curves of thickness( a) and days( b) of frozen earth in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver in , 21,,,, GIS,2001

5 2 : , ( a) ( b) Fig15The change of lakes in p rophase ( a) and anaphase ( b) flood season in the Yellow R iver in Table 2Changes of the area and number of the lakes in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver in /km 2 / /km 2 /km : , ,,, (),,, km 2 /10a /10a km 2 /10a34. 69km 2 /10a, : km 2 /10a /10a km 2 /10a25. 94km 2 / 10a,,,

6 250 23,,90%, 2. 3,, 31212,, [ 13, 14 ],,,, [ 2, 15 ],, [ 16 ],,, [ 17, 18 ],,,,,, [ 3 ],, , : ( ) ( ) ( ) (), 21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 16 ],,,,,,,

7 2 : Table 3Correlativity of the area and number of the lakes with climatic factors in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /0. 45 : /,/; (1) / 10a 0. 15/10a0. 28/10a,,, 21,52, ; , 4. 32mm /10a,,,2001, ; 52,12. 4mm /10a, ,2005 ; ,,2001,, (2) ,,;,, ;, (3) 21 ;,,, ;,, ;,,

8 ( References) : [ 1 ],. [ J ]., 2004, 4 ( 6) : [ J IANG Jia2hu, HUANG Qun. D istribution and variation of lakes in Tibetan Plateau and their comparison with lakes in other part of China. W ater Resources P rotection, 2004, 4 (6) : ] [ 2 ],,,. [ J ]., 2005, 27 ( 6) : [ LU An2xin, YAO Tan2dong, WANG L i2hong, et al. Study on the fluctuations of typical glaciers and lakes in the Tibetan Plat2 eau using remote sensing. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27 (6) : ] [ 3 ],,,. 30 [ J ]., 2006, 61 ( 5) : [B IANDUO, YANG Zhi2gang, L IL in, et al. The response of lake area change to climate variations in north Tibetan Plateau during last 30 years. Acta Geographica S inica, 2006, 61 (5) : ] [ 4 ],,,. 50 a [ J ]., 2006, 28 ( 5) : [D ING Yong2jian, L IU Shi2yin, YE Bai2sheng, et al. Climatic implications on variations of lakes in the cold and arid regions of China during the recent 50 years. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2006, 28 (5) : ] [ 5 ]. [M ]. :, [ The Editorial Comm ittee of the Ecological Environment of Nature Protection Region in the Three R iverssource. The Eco2 logical Environment of Nature Protection Region in the Three R iverssource. 75. ] Xi ning: Q inhai People Press, [ 6 ],,,. [ J ]. ( E), 2004, 34 ( I) : [ ZHANG Shi2feng, J IA Shao2feng, L IU Chang2ming, et al. The variation characteristic and its impact of the water cir2 culation in the source region of Yellow R iver. Science in China ( Series E), 2004, 34 ( Sup. I) : ] [ 7 ],,. [ J ]., 2000, 22 ( 3) : [WANG Gen2 xu, SHEN Yong2p ing, CHENG Guo2dong. R iver. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2000, 22 (3) : ] Eco2environmental changes and causal analysis in the source regions of Yellow [ 8 ]. [M ]. :, [ PE I Bu2xiang. Calculation and Measure2 ment of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration. Beijing: Meteorology Press, ] [ 9 ],,,. 42 [ J ]., 2005, 25 (25) : [L IL in, ZHU Xi2de, WANG Zhen2yu, et al. The impacting factor and its tendency forecasting of the variation of wa2 ter level in Q inghai Lake in recent 42 years. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25 (25) : ] [ 10 ],,,. 43 [ J ]., 2006, 21 ( 1) : [L IL in, L I Feng2xia, GUO An2hong, et al. Study on the climate change trend and its catastrophe oversanjian2 gyuanregion in recent 43 years. Journal of N atural Resources, 2006, 21 (1) : ] [ 11 ],. [ J ]., 2006, 21 ( 1) : [ REN Guo2yu, GUO Jun. Change in pan evaporation and the influential factors over China: Journal of N atural Resources, 2006, 21 (1) : ] [ 12 ],,,. [ J ]., 2005, 27 (3) : [ L I L in, ZHU Xi2 de, WANG Q ing2chun, et al. Mapping and analyses of permafrost change in Q inghai Plateau using GIS. Journal of Glaci2 ology and Geocryology, 2005, 27 (3) : ] [ 13 ]. [ J ]., 2004, 23 (4) : [ KE Chang2qing. A review of monitoring lake environment change by mass of remote sensing. Transactions of Oceanology and L im nology, 2004, 23 (4) : ] [ 14 ],,. [ J ]., 2003, 25 ( 2) : [ GUO N i, ZHANG Jie, L IANG Yun. Climate change indicated by the recent change of inland lakes in Northwest China. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25 (2) : ] [ 15 ],,,. [ J ]., 2006, 28 ( 1 ) : 1 7. [ HAO Zhen2 chun, WANG Jia2hu, L IL i, et al. ology and Geocryology, 2006, 28 (1) : 1-7. ] Impact of climate change on runoff in source region of Yellow R iver. Journal of Glaci2 [ 16 ],,,. [M ]. :, [ ZHOU You2wu, GUO Dong2xin, Q IU Guo2qing, et al. Chinese Tjale. Beijing: Science Press, ]

9 2 : [ 17 ] Houghton J T, Meira F, Callander B A, et al. Third A ssessment Report2Climate Change: Summary to Policymakers[M ]. IPCC, [ 18 ],,,. [ J ]., 2004, 26 ( 1) : 1 6. [ ZHANG Sen2qi, WANG Yong2gui, ZHAO Yong2zhen, et al. Permafrost degradation and its environmental sequent in the source regions of the Yellow R iver. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26 (1) : 1-6. ] Respon se of the Pla teau Lakes to Changes of C lima te and Frozen Earth Env ironm en t in the Headwa ters of the Y ellow R iver since the 21 st Cen tury L IL in 1, WU Su2xia 2, ZHU Xi2de 3, CHANG Guo2gang 4, L I Feng2xia 5 (1. Q inghai Climate Center, Xi ning , China; 2. Q inghai Institute of Meteorological Science, Xi ning , China; 3. Q inghaimeteorological Bureau, Xi ning , China) Abstract:U sing the data of remote sensing of lakes from EOS2MOD IS satellite and climate, frozen earth by monitoring from 2001 to 2006 in the headwaters of the Yellow R iver, this study analyzed the dynam ic change of the high and chill lakes in the concerned region since the 21 st century, de2 scribed the develop ing background of the climate and frozen earth since the observation w ith appa2 ratus, and then revealed the response to changes of the clim ate and frozen earth environment in term s of the area and the number of the lakes. The results indicated: the latest fluctuation com ing from the headwaters of the Yellow R iver was an unanimous indication of the increase in area and quantity, which was more remarkable in the earlier flood period than in the later, and the change of the lakes in quantity was most obvious; the large background appeared in the last 52 years, in2 cluding the increase in temperature, p recip itation and evaporation, but the chief climatic charac2 teristic was warm and moist since 2001, at the same tim e, the evaporation had been lessened ap2 parently, and the thickness of the frozen earth had been decreased and the frozen time shortened due to the warmer clim ate; the lakes expanded and the number increased, at this tim e, the p re2 cip itation increased, evaporation decreased and the frozen earth deteriorated, which reinforced the melting of groundwater, all of these were the direct result of the changes of climate and frozen earth environment. Key words: p lateau lakes; clim ate change; environment of frozen earth; headwaters of the Yellow R iver