BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS LTD. REPORT ON RESISTIVITY PROFILING SURVEY PLACER GOLD EXPLORATION QUESNEL AREA, B.C. Russell A. Hillman, P.Eng.

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1 BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS LTD. REPORT ON RESISTIVITY PROFILING SURVEY PLACER GOLD EXPLORATION QUESNEL AREA, B.C. by Russell A. Hillman, P.Eng. September, 2012 PROJECT BLK-570/2

2 (i) CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION page 1 2. THE D.C. RESISTIVITY METHOD 2.1 Equipment 2.2 Survey Procedure 2.3 Data Reduction GEOPHYSICAL RESULTS 3.1 General 3.2 Discussion LIMITATIONS 7 TABLES Table 1 Field Resistivity Data location Page 7 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Survey Location Plan Site Plan Seismic Refraction Section SL-0+00N (A) Seismic Refraction Section SL-0+00N (B) Resistivity Traverse RL-A Seismic Refraction Section SL-1+50S Resistivity Traverse RL-B Resistivity Traverses RL-C and RL-D location Page 2 Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix

3 1 1. INTRODUCTION In the period September 9 to September 12, 2012, a D.C. resistivity profiling survey was carried out on the Blackwater claims group. The purpose of the investigation was to corroborate existing findings and evaluate the effectiveness of the resistivity method for proposed further exploration of the property. A Survey Location Plan of the area is shown at a scale of 1:200,000 in Figure 1. Direct current resistivity measurements of ground conditions were completed over existing seismic refraction lines SL-0+00N and SL-1+50S, in the south area of the property. In addition, resistivity lines RL-C and RL-D were surveyed over a topographically low area in the central segment of the property. A Site Plan illustrating the locations of the resistivity traverses is shown at a 1:50,000 scale in Figure 2, in the Appendix. Apparent resistivity measurements were recorded at a total of 33 locations, with a single electrode spacing measured at each position along the four traverses. Recorded resistance readings were converted to apparent resistivities for each electrode location.

4 N SURVEY AREA N N N N N N N E E E E E E E KILOMETRES BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS BLACKWATER PROJECT ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY SURVEY LOCATION PLAN FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC. DATE: SEPT, 2012 SCALE 1:200,000 FIG. 1

5 3 2. THE D.C. RESISTIVITY METHOD 2.1 Equipment The D.C. resistivity survey was carried out using an ABEM SAS-300B electrical resistivity system, with the associated interconnect cables and stainless steel electrodes. The purpose of the electrical surveying was to determine the subsurface resistivity distribution by recording measurements on the ground surface. The ground resistivity is related to various geological parameters such as the clay mineral and fluid content, porosity, and degree of water saturation in overburden layering and the underlying bedrock. Wenner soundings were obtained by applying a direct current or very low frequency synchronous alternating current to the ground through a pair of electrodes and measuring the resulting potential established by this current across a second set of electrodes. Electrical noise originating from industrial currents or natural earth currents are significantly reduced by the use of synchronous detection incorporated in the design of the SAS-300B, in which the transmitter current and receiver polarity are reversed periodically at a frequency of less than one Hertz. Noise, which is asynchronous with the switching frequency, is then averaged out. 2.2 Survey Procedure Field procedure consisted of driving 4 stainless steel metal electrodes into the shallow subsurface at intervals of 50 metres along the ground surface. Electrical current was then applied to the exterior two electrodes with the resulting potential in volts, recorded by the interior pair of electrodes. In the Wenner array, the spacing between the four in-line electrodes is the same. In this investigation, the a spacing between the electrodes was maintained at 50 metres. Resistance readings were recorded over several cycles of the measuring circuit, until a stable, constant value was confirmed for the reading. 2.3 Data Reduction Standard geometric factors exist for common electrode arrays such as Wenner, Schlumberger and Dipole-Dipole. In the Wenner array, the geometric factor is 2 a, where a is the electrode spacing. In this survey, the electrode spacing was maintained at 50 metres. In order to obtain resistivity values at each location, the geometric factor was multiplied by the recorded resistance reading in ohms.

6 4 3. GEOPHYSICAL RESULTS 3.1 General The results of the four resistivity profiles are shown in Figures 5, 7 and 8, in the Appendix. Resistivity lines RL-A and RL-B were carried out over respective seismic lines SL-0+00N and SL-1+50S. The results of these seismic sections are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 6. The vertical scale for all resistivity data is 1 cm = 5000 ohm-m. The four electrode arrays on lines SL-0+00N and SL-1+50S were placed along the seismic lines and not at an angle to the lines. 3.2 Discussion The resistivity data for line RL-A indicates high values at either end of the traverse, with resistivity values in excess of 60,000 ohm-m. In between these high values, the resistivities are consistently low with A7 and A8 the lowest resistivities, at approximately 41,000 ohm-m. The shape of the resistivity traverse is closely mirrored by the interpreted results of seismic refraction line 0+00N. The high resistivities at either end reflect the shallower bedrock and the inclusion of highly resistive rock within the depth penetration of the resistivity readings. In the broad central segment of line RL-A, the readings are lower reflecting the influence of the thick, lower resistivity overburden on the reading. The lowest values at points A7 and A8 are in good agreement with the thickest overburden on the seismic line and the relatively narrow zone of the thickest overburden, at reading A8. Resistivity profile RL-B was laid out along seismic refraction line SL-1+50S, which was in close proximity to SL-0+00N. Only four resistivity readings were recorded, principally over the interpreted channel-like depression. The initial three readings are generally lower than the values for line RL-A and reflect the thick overburden layering. The increase in resistivity at B2 may indicate thick, coarse or drier overburden, which was not detected in the refraction analysis. At reading B3, the resistivity value of 38,610 ohm-metres is very similar to the A7 and A8 values recorded in the middle of the channel on refraction line SL-0+00N. The B4 reading is very high and illustrates the influence of the steep, rising, bedrock surface on the east side of the electrode array at B4.

7 5 The resistivity profiles for lines RL-C and RL-D are illustrated in Figure 8. The overall values are higher than either line RL-A or RL-B and may indicate drier or coarser overburden, or possibly shallow bedrock. Line RL-C starts in the southwest with very high resistivities up to and including, the reading at C4. At that point, the resistivity values drop steeply to the lowest recorded value of 92,991 ohm-m at C8. At this point, the last reading at C9 increases moderately. The resistivity data for line RL-D is essentially opposite to RL-C, with the lowest resistivities to the southwest and higher values northeast. At the northeast end of the line, the resistivity values decrease, possibly indicating the presence of a channel. Based on the data, the resistivity low centred at station C8 may be related either to the initial southwest portion of Line RL-D or to the extreme northwest end of the line. This data and the presence of a possible channel extension in this area would have to be confirmed by either seismic surveying or direct drilling operations.

8 6 4. LIMITATIONS D.C. resistivity surveys are successful providing adequate contrasts exist in the subsurface in electrical resistivity between distinct geological materials. Also affecting resistivity are the degree of saturation of materials and the porosity, the concentration of dissolved electrolytes, the temperature and the amount and composition of colloids. Conductors identified in resistivity surveying are diverse and depending on geological settings, may include mineralization, graphite, argillite, shear or fault zones, clay beds, marl, saturated materials, clay till, mineralised leachate and zones of salt water intrusion. Electrically resistive materials include but are not limited to, sand and gravel, dry soils, underground voids and competent bedrock. The highest resistivities are generally recorded in crystalline rock. With few exceptions, no unique resistivity value defines a specific geological material. Penetration depths may be affected by the presence of highly conductive surficial materials that may partially mask deeper geological layering. In addition, the resolution of the resistivity method decreases exponentially with depth. Given the diffuse nature of the method resolution is inherently poorer at a depth greater than one wavelength. The survey results can also be influenced by electrode coupling, presence of noise and man-made infrastructure such as pipes, fences, power lines and buried metallic objects. The resistivity values measured with the ABEM Terrameter are accurate and repeatable. The electronically-isolated transmitter sends out well-defined, regulated signal currents. The receiver discriminates noise and measures voltages correlated with the transmitter signal current. Receiver measurements at discrete time intervals are recorded when eddy currents, IP and cable transients decay. The unique integrator and measurement strategy embodied in the Terrameter allows extraction of the signal from natural occurring telluric currents, electrochemical variations at the potential electrodes and power transmission lines. The information in this report is based upon geophysical measurements and field procedures. The data for each individual reading was combined to obtain apparent resistivity. No interpretations or analysis into layer depths, thicknesses and true resistivities was carried out on the data. The results are technical in nature and are considered to be a reasonably accurate presentation of existing apparent resistivities within the limitations of the D.C. Resistivity method. Russell Hillman, P.Eng.

9 7 Table 1 Field Resistivity Data Station No Line RL-A Resistance (ohms) Resistivity (ohm -m) 59,250 62,140 53,250 47,218 42,977 43,825 41,092 41,092 49,072 67,544 Station No Line RL-B Resistance (ohms) Resistivity (ohm -m) 48,883 54,663 38,610 97,075 Station No Line RL-C Resistance (ohms) Resistivity (ohm -m) 173, , , , , , ,845 92, ,500

10 8 Station No Line RL-D Resistance (ohms) Resistivity (ohm -m) 108,070 99, , , , , , , , ,212

11 RL-C RL-D F R A S E R R I V E R RL-A RL-B METRES BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS BLACKWATER PROJECT ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY SITE PLAN FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC. DATE: SEPT, 2012 SCALE 1:50,000 FIG. 2

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14 W E RESISTIVITY (ohm-m) A2 A A A A4 A A5 A6 A7 A E 160E 180E 200E 220E 240E 260E 280E 300E 320E 340E 360E 380E 400E 420E 440E 460E 480E 500E 520E 540E 560E 580E 600E 620E METRES BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS BLACKWATER PROJECT ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY RESISTIVITY TRAVERSE RL-A FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC. DATE: SEPT, 2012 VSCALE 1:5,000 HSCALE 1:1,000 FIG. 5

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16 W B4 E RESISTIVITY (ohm-m) B B B E 80E 100E 120E 140E 160E 180E 200E 220E 240E METRES BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS BLACKWATER PROJECT ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY RESISTIVITY TRAVERSE RL-B FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC. DATE: SEPT, 2012 VSCALE 1:5,000 HSCALE 1:1,000 FIG. 7

17 SW NE C C2 LINE RL-C C3 C4 D RESISTIVITY (ohm-m) D6 D D4 D5 C5 C6 D D D1 D C9 C D C E 20E 40E 60E 80E 100E 120E 140E 160E 180E 200E 220E 240E 260E 280E 300E 320E 340E 360E 380E 400E 420E 440E 460E 480E 500E LINE RL-D DATE: SEPT, 2012 METRES BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS BLACKWATER PROJECT ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY RESISTIVITY TRAVERSES RL-C AND RL-D FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC. VSCALE 1:5,000 HSCALE 1:1,000 FIG. 8

18 Blx- Placer Titles map Legend km. This map is a user generated static output from an Internet mapping site and is for general reference only. Data layers that appear on this map may or may not be accurate, current, or otherwise reliable. THIS MAP IS NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION. Notes: Current-June 1/2012 Map center: 53 14' N, ' W Scale: 1:126,875

19 Frontier Geosciences Inc. 237 St. Georges Ave., North Vancouver, B.C. V7L 4T4 Tel: Fax: Russell A. Hillman, P.Eng. Engineering Geophysicist FIELDS OF SPECIAL INTEREST EDUCATION ASSOCIATIONS 1985-Present Land and marine engineering geophysics. High resolution surveys for the identification and delineation of soil types, contaminants, bedrock, groundwater and permafrost in support of geotechnical studies, environmental investigations, groundwater investigations and mineral, oil, coal and potash exploration. B.Sc. in Geophysics, University of British Columbia, 1969 Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia Registration no , November 4, 1981 Association of Profession Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta Member no. M75499, September 20, 2002 Member, European Association of Exploration Geophysicists President, Frontier Geosciences Inc. Testing of a unique overwater ultrasonic signal processing device for borrow identification, Beaufort Sea, N.W.T. Borehole seismic investigations for dynamic parameters, John Hart, W.A.C. Bennett, Mica, Keenleyside, Stave Falls, Ophir Creek, Ruskin, Seymour, Myra Falls and Botanie Lake Dams, B.C. Seismic refraction investigations for geological conditions on Merritt to Peachland extension of Coquihalla Highway. Detailed seismic refraction surveying for geological conditions, Roseau River damsite, St. Lucia. Seismic refraction surveys, gold exploration, Pogo Project, Alaska and Hope Bay Project, Nunavut. Seismic refraction surveying of proposed tailings dam sites, Pueblo Viejo, Dominican Republic. High resolution seismic reflection surveys for geothermal exploration in Terrace, B.C., industrial minerals in Powell River, B.C., Cleveland dam site abutment stability evaluation in North Vancouver, B.C., Fraser delta earthquake assessment study in Vancouver, B.C., gold exploration in Tulsequah, B.C., kimberlite exploration in the Northwest Territories, tailings disposal sites Prosperity Project, B.C., and proposed Aluminum Smelter site, Kitimat, B.C. Groundwater geophysical investigations for hazardous waste sites in Cache Creek area, B.C., water supply in Timor, Indonesia, environmental assessment in Multnomah County, Portland, Oregon, and several municipal, industrial and mine-related water supply schemes in Western Canada. Overwater acoustic profiling surveys for proposed oil pipeline crossing, Pastaza River, Peru, mineral exploration in Ontario, Manitoba and Northwest Territories, proposed docking facilities, Pagan Island, Marianas. Seismic refraction investigations of placer gold channels in Likely, Cranbrook and Quesnel areas, B.C. Extensive geophysical investigations at the W.A.C. Bennett Dam Sinkhole Project, Hudson's Hope, B.C.

20 Head, Engineering Geophysics Division, White Geophysical Inc. Seismic refraction investigations of debris slides, river crossings and borrow locations for the Coquihalla Highway project. Regional EM induction surveys for gravel exploration. Borehole seismic investigation of foundation conditions for proposed ALRT crossing of Fraser River. Seismic refraction investigation of placer channels in Likely area, B.C. Engineering Geophysicist, R.A. Hillman and Associates Impulse radar investigations of a large peat deposit in the Vancouver Area for landfill development, massive concrete wall retaining structure in West Virginia and drag line stability assessment in northern Alberta. Seismic refraction investigations in support of placer exploration in the Wells area, B.C., and in the Whitehorse area, Yukon. Head Geophysicist, D.R. Piteau and Associates, Ltd. Seismic refraction investigations of the Northeast Coal Branch railspur and the proposed Connaught Tunnel in Glacier National Park, B.C. and the Coalspur Project in Robb, Alberta; over-ice Impulse Radar investigation of artificial island sites in the McKenzie River, N.W.T. Seismic and electrical surveys for groundwater resources for fish hatcheries at Likely, Clearwater and Prince George, B.C. Intermediate Engineer, Golder Associates Seismic refraction investigations of damsites near Red Deer, Alberta, and Dawson Creek, Fort Nelson, Liard Hot Springs and Fording, B.C. In situ elastic moduli foundation studies for proposed pulp mill, Akdeniz, Turkey. Continuous overwater sub-bottom reflection surveys in connection with a submarine landslide, Kitimat, B.C., proposed coal terminal, Prince Rupert, B.C., and proposed grain terminal, Vancouver, B.C. Evaluation of geophysical parameters relating to underground storage of nuclear waste in bedded salt environments, U.S.A. Resistivity and self-potential surveys for contaminant plume delineation, Cantung, N.W.T. and Fording, B.C. Intermediate Engineer, Klohn Leonoff Consultants Ltd. Responsible for geophysical investigations of Civil Engineering projects. Engineering Geophysicist, Geo-Recon Explorations Ltd. Special assignments included: The Boardman Nuclear Project in Oregon for Portland General Electric Company, the Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Project No. 1 on the Hanford Reservation near Richland, Washington; Geophysical investigations in connection with five possible coastal nuclear sites in Oregon for Portland General Electric, Downie Slide near Revelstoke and the Seven Mile Project on the Pend O'Reille River near Trail for the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority. Project Geophysicist, Northway Survey Corporation, Toronto, Ontario Responsible for interpretation of airborne and ground geophysical surveys for massive sulphide deposits and petroleum. Majority of interpretation reports on the application of helicopter-borne magnetic and electromagnetic instrumentation to the search for massive sulphide deposits in the Canadian Shield. Specific projects included the planning of airborne surveying, ground follow-up and interpretation of data for Rio Tinto Zinc's large option in the Padang area of Sumatra, Indonesia, and interpretation of ground magnetometer work in the Canadian Arctic and gravity surveys in Ontario.