8.5(E) Unit 5 Evidence of Chemical Reactions and the Earth s Rotation

Transcription

1 Teacher Edition Sample Page 8.5(E) Unit 5 Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Earth s Rotation Law of onservation of Mass Prepare for the Unit Student Pages Review the following information to clarify the standard before planning instruction. Getting Started Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Reporting ategory 1 Matter and Energy Reporting ategory 3 The The student student will will demonstrate demonstrate an an understanding of of the components, properties of cycles, matter patterns, and energy and and natural their events of interactions. Earth and space systems. TEKS 8.5 The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: TEKS 8.5(E) investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicates that new substances The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, with different properties are formed and how that relates to the law of conservation of and Moon system. Scientific Investigation and Reasoning TEKS Addressed in This Unit 5.8() 8.1(A), Readiness 8.1(B), 8.2(A), Standard 8.2(B), 8.2(), 8.2(), 8.3(A), 8.3(B), 8.3(), 8.4(A), 8.4(B) emonstrate that Earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky. ritical Thinking Traits unit. Unpacking For example the Standard on the ritical Thinking page, students should apply the following traits: adapt, create, examine, and In link. order (See to ritical master Thinking this standard, Traits in students Teacher Resources.) should understand the concepts related to day and night and the apparent movement of the Sun at the application level of Bloom s Taxonomy. Prerequisite Standards Prerequisite Standards Grade Prior 6to 5th Grade, students studied these science concepts which laid the foundation for understanding 5.8(). 6.5() Identify the formation of a new substance by using evidence of a possible chemical change such as production of a gas, change in temperature, production of a precipitation, or color change. Grade Grade Level 7 TEKS escription 7.6 istinguish K.8(B) between Identify events physical that have and repeating chemical patterns, changes including matter. seasons of the year and day and night. K K.8() Observe, describe, and illustrate objects in the sky such as the clouds, Moon, and stars, including the Sun (B) 1.8() Observe and record changes in the appearance of objects in the sky such as clouds, the Moon, and stars, including the Sun. Identify characteristics of the seasons of the year and day and night () Observe, describe, and record patterns of objects in the sky, including the appearance of the Moon () 3.8() 4 4.8() mass. (Readiness Standard) Students may demonstrate multiple critical thinking traits as they participate in the instructional activities for this Prior to Grade 8, students studied these science concepts which laid the foundation for understanding 8.5(E). onstruct models that demonstrate the relationship of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, including orbits and positions. Identify the planets in Earth s solar system and their position in relation to the Sun. ollect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon over time. Key for Recommended Groupings Individual Partners Groups Whole lass motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

2 Teacher Edition Sample Page Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Introduction Science Teacher Express Activity 1: Simulating Real-Life hemical Reactions Teacher Instructions (45-60 minutes) Student Page 49 Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Unit 5 8.5(E) Law of onservation of Mass Evaluate student understanding throughout the activities as a formative assessment of learning. Activity 2: Investigating the Law of onservation of Mass (45-60 minutes) Student Page 50 Earth s Rotation Materials Activity 1 Use this 1. Instruct information everyone to build to wear your chemical background splash knowledge goggles and or to review content. Per Student disposable gloves. Review the location of the fire extinguisher, chemical splash goggles fire blanket, and eye/face wash. disposable gloves Earth s 2. irect Rotation students to record observations for each substance Simulation 1 Per Group/Station Earth prior rotates to the around chemical its reaction. axis once approximately every 24 hours. This equals one day. wintergreen Life Savers Earth 3. Have rotates students counter-clockwise. follow directions in the student edition to pliers complete the investigation. Earth spins at around 1600 kilometers per hour. Simulation 2 Per Group/Station 4. irect students to record observations from the chemical While one half of Earth is lit by the Sun (daytime), the other half is dark plastic (nighttime). spoons Earth continuously antacid tablets reaction and determine evidences of chemical reaction. rotates, causing daytime and nighttime. graduated cylinder ph paper 5. Have students relate each chemical reaction to a real-life We are chemical unaware reaction. clear plastic cups vinegar of the movement of Earth because everything around us moves at the same speed. The 6. irect same students thing happens to complete when the we discussion ride in a car questions. Simulation 3 Per Group/Station or airplane. If you close your eyes, it feels as if you are 7. sitting iscuss still. results with the class. elsius thermometer 8. Have students record additional information learned during the distilled water The 23.5 degree tilt of Earth s axis and the revolution of Earth around the Sun causes the four class discussion. clear plastic cup sugar seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. graduated cylinder hot mitt One revolution of Earth around the Sun equals one year. hot plate balance Sun1. Instruct everyone to wear chemical splash goggles and disposable gloves fire extinguisher ue disposable to Earth s gloves. rotation, Review the Sun the location appears of to the move fire extinguisher, across the sky during fire blanket the day. It appears eye/face to wash change fire blanket, position and throughout eye/face wash. the day. 2. irect students to record observations for each substance prior to the chemical reaction. There are approximately 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night. 3. Have students follow directions in the student edition to The complete rotation of the Earth investigation. is continuous, however the North and South Materials Poles experience extended day and night. epending on the time of year, North and South Poles Activity have 2 4. irect students to record observations from the chemical daytime or nighttime for weeks. reaction This and means determine that during the evidences summer of in chemical the North reaction. Pole, there will Per be Group/Station no darkness. At the same time, 5. irect the South students Pole to complete will experience the discussion weeks without questions. sunlight. sealable quart plastic bags o 6. not iscuss look results directly with at the class. permanent maker balance Sun. It can cause damage to the eyes and even blindness. graduated cylinder portion cup 7. Have students record additional information learned during the class discussion. Reaction 1: Per Group/Station Note: A 1-M solution of copper(ii) sulfate should be prepared for ammonium nitrate from instant cold pack this laboratory activity. Also, sanding the iron nail will ensure faster distilled water reaction with the copper(ii) sulfate solution. Questions to Guide Inquiry 1. What is a chemical reaction? 2. What are evidences of chemical reactions? 3. How are the original substances different from the new substance formed during the chemical reaction? 4. an a reaction show more than one form of evidence for chemical reaction? 5. escribe the law of conservation of mass? 6. How can a scientist measure if a chemical reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass during an investigation? 8. If the bag was not sealed completely, what would happen? Per Teacher chemical splash goggles Reaction 2: Per Group/Station baking soda vinegar Reaction 3: Per Group/Station copper(ii) sulfate for fish tank or pool supplies iron nail sandpaper Per Student chemical splash goggles disposable gloves Per Teacher chemical splash goggles disposable gloves eye/face wash 212 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 mentoringmindsonline.com totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 31

3 Teacher Edition Sample Page 8.5(E) Unit 5 Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Earth s Rotation Law of onservation of Mass Guided Practice (20 30 minutes) Student Page 51 Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Read each question together and discuss the correct and incorrect responses to reveal misconceptions. Model strategies to help students think logically. Assess Vocabulary student understanding Focus and provide feedback as needed. Question Teacher Instructions 1: How does this model assist a student in providing evidence a chemical reaction has Use occurred? the vocabulary builder in the student edition and the vocabulary activity to review and practice the o unit the vocabulary different colored terms. dots show no new substance was created? No, the model arrangement shows the atoms The following of the reactants are essential are different vocabulary than the terms arrangement for this of unit. atoms of the products. Answer A is incorrect. o the different colored dots show a new substance was created? Yes, the model arrangement shows the atoms apparent of the reactants movement are different than the day arrangement of atoms of the night products. A different arrangement Sun of atoms axisindicates that a new substance has been Earthformed. Answer B is correct. rotate oes the model indicate no chemical reaction occurs? No, the model indicates a different arrangement of atoms of the reactants formed different products. This demonstrates a chemical reaction. Answer is incorrect. Vocabulary o the different Activity colored dots show a new element was created from the originals? No, according to the law of conservation Write the unit of vocabulary mass, elements words cannot on be index created cards. or destroyed. Place the Answer word cards is incorrect. in a basket. Give the basket to a student. Turn on music. While the music plays, each student passes the basket to the student seated beside him/her. When the music stops, the student holding the basket draws a word and reads it aloud. Question 2: What can the student conclude? If the student can define the word, a point is awarded to the student. ontinue play until all words have Are 1 and 2 the only valid conclusions? No, although a precipitate formed, no physical change occurred. Answer been correctly F is incorrect. defined. Are 1, 3, and 4 the only valid conclusions? Yes, a precipitate, formed, a chemical reaction occurred, and a chemical change occurred. Answer G is correct. Suggested Formative Vocabulary Assessment Are Assess 1, 2, and student 4 the understanding only valid conclusions? of vocabulary No, although by using 1 and the 4 above are valid, vocabulary 2 is not valid. activity A physical and the change Science did not Vocabulary occur. Answer Builder H is page incorrect. the student edition. Is 3 the only valid conclusion? No, although 3 is valid, 1 and 4 are also valid. Answer J is incorrect. Question 3: What evidence can the student cite to show a chemical reaction occurred? Is the formation of a gas evidence of a chemical Enrichment reaction? onnections Yes, formation of a gas is evidence of a chemical reaction. Answer A is a partially correct answer. Read the other answer choices to make sure answer A is the best choice. hildren s Literature Is Where a temperature oes the change Sun Go evidence at Night?: of a An chemical Earth Science reaction? Mystery Yes, a temperature Amy S. Hansen change is evidence of a chemical reaction. Answer B is a partially correct answer. Read the other answer choices to make sure answer B is the best The choice. ay the Earth Stood Still: Earth s Movement in Space Isabel Thomas Is Why the oes formation the Sun of a gas Set? and Terry a temperature Allan Hicks change evidence of a chemical reaction? Yes, formation of a gas and Sun a Up, temperature Sun own: change The are Story evidences of ay of and a chemical Night reaction. Jacqui Bailey Answer is the correct answer. id Arctic a chemical Lights, Arctic reaction Nights not occur? ebbie No, gas S. Miller and temperature change are evidence of a chemical reaction. Answer is incorrect. Science Websites Windows to the Universe: Office of Naval Research Observing the Sky in Motion: observingsky/motion1.htm The Rotation of Earth: /0018-the-rotation-of-the-earth.php Reading Rainbow My Shadow: ReadingRainbowMyShadow motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

4 Teacher Edition Sample Page Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Guided Practice (continued) Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Unit 5 8.5(E) Law of onservation of Mass Introduction Earth s Rotation Question 4: Which of the following could be the hypothesis supported by an investigation that demonstrates the law of conservation (student pages of ) mass in relation to chemical reactions? Will the mass be the same before and after the reaction? Yes, the law of conservation of mass states that mass Teacher Instructions cannot be created or destroyed. The mass of the reactants will be equal to the mass of the products. Answer F Activity may 1 is be a teacher the correct demonstration. answer. ontinue In the to evaluate second the activity, other answer students choices complete before part making of the a final activity selection. during school Will and the finish mass the increase other part after of the reaction? activity at No, home. the law Evaluate of conservation student of understanding mass states that throughout mass cannot the be activities created as a formative destroyed. assessment The mass of of the learning. reactants cannot increase the mass of the products after reaction. Answer G is incorrect. Activity 1: Will Rotation the mass be different before and after the reaction? No, the law of Materials conservation of mass states that mass 1. This cannot activity be is created a teacher or destroyed. demonstration. The mass Use of the an orange reactants and cannot a be different from the mass of the products after flashlight reaction. to represent Answer H the is incorrect rotation of Earth. Activity 1: Teacher emonstration 2. A student Will the volunteer mass decrease can be after used the to reaction? hold the flashlight. No, the law Stick of conservation a of orange mass states that mass cannot be push created pin in or the destroyed. orange to The represent mass of the Texas. reactants Instruct cannot student decrease to the mass flashlight of the products after reaction. Answer J point is flashlight incorrect. on one part of the orange and hold it steady. push pin Then begin rotating the orange counter-clockwise to show pencils different Question parts 5: of Which it being student hit by light. drew Explain a valid and conclusion demonstrate based on the information provided? that id Earth Student also revolves X form a around valid conclusion the Sun as that it a is chemical rotating. reaction occurs Activity any time 2: Per two Student liquids are poured 3. Ask together? students why No, chemical different reactions parts of only the orange occur when were liquids hit by react to create light when it was rotated. Explain that Earth rotates once new pencils substances with different properties. Answer A is incorrect. approximately every 24 hours, causing day and night. outdoor area id Student Y form a valid conclusion that no chemical reaction occurs 4. Students answer questions and complete an illustration of the sunglasses because (optional) color is a physical property? No, color is a physical property, but a color change can be due to a chemical reaction. Answer B demonstration is incorrect. on the student pages. Activity 2: id Apparent Student Movement X form a valid conclusion that a change in color indicates a chemical reaction? Yes, a color 1. Students change learn is evidence about the of a change chemical in reaction. appearance Answer of the is correct. Sun due to Earth s rotation. 2. Students observe the appearance of the Sun in the sky at different times of the day. Instruct them to face all, chemical south and reactions to check form the gases. position Answer at 8:00 is incorrect. A.M., 10:00 A.M., 12:00 P.M., 2:00 P.M., 4:00 P.M., and 6:00 P.M. Instruct students to describe the position and location of the Sun, using landmarks as a reference, and illustrate the position, labeling the time. [Be sure to discuss safety first and tell ontent Practice (20 30 minutes) Student Page 52 students to never look directly at the Sun. Students may use sunglasses while observing the position, Have students but still complete should the not ontent observe Practice the questions Sun directly.] in student editions. After students complete the 3. Students assignment, need analyze to complete results and part provide of the additional investigation instruction at school as needed. and the rest at home. Students may record the evening observations on a separate piece of paper and then copy the results into student books the following day. Formative Assessment (5 minutes) 4. On the student page, students record the position of the Sun in the sky throughout the day. They need to provide a description of the position. For example, the Sun will be overhead at noon. 5. After substances collecting are formed the data, and illustrate why it obeys the position the law of of conservation the Sun throughout of mass. the day. Be sure students include the time of day the Sun appeared in each position. 6. After illustrating the Sun s apparent movement throughout the day, students will answer questions at the bottom of the page. iscuss their findings and clear up any confusion. Talk about why the Sun appears to move. Explain that Earth s rotation causes day and night. Some parts of Earth experience different amounts of sunlight at different times of the year. id Student Y form a valid conclusion that all chemical reactions bubble and form a gas? No, some, but not Ask students to choose one example of a chemical reaction and discuss how this chemical reaction indicates new Questions to Guide Inquiry 1. What causes day and night? 2. Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky? 3. If we repeated the investigation in 4 months, do you think our results would be the same? 4. Why or why not? Instruct students to identify evidence that a chemical reaction occurred. Provide additional intervention for students who are unable to identify an example or evidence of chemical reactions or discuss the law of conservation of mass. 214 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 mentoringmindsonline.com totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 33

5 Teacher Edition Sample Page 8.5(E) Unit 5 Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Earth s Rotation Interventions Law of onservation of Mass After assessing student learning, use the following activities to provide remediation. Guided Practice Strategies Activity 1: hemical Reactions or Not? (20 30 (student minutes) page 185) Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Place the following objects on a table: cup of water, cup of ice, cup of vinegar, cup of baking soda, cooking oil, food Teacher coloring, Instructions sand, gravel, paper clips, sugar, instant tea, pepper, dry macaroni, and dry beans. Ask students to As wear a class chemical or in splash small groups, goggles. read Provide through students each with question beakers, together graduated and cylinders, discuss and the spoons. correct Allow and students incorrect to choose responses, two ingredients revealing common from the available misunderstandings objects to combine. and misconceptions. Ask students to explain Model whether strategies the to combination of ingredients they chose resulted in a chemical reaction. Have students provide evidence from help students think logically about each answer choice. Assess student understanding as the questions observations to support the explanations. and answers are discussed. Activity 2: hemical Reactions in Everyday Life (20 30 minutes) Ask Question students 1 to find three chemical reactions from everyday life. Have students make illustrations before the chemical reaction and after the chemical reaction. irect students to give evidence to support the production of Which of the following causes the shadow to form in the picture above? new substances as a result of the chemical reactions. oes Earth s rotation cause shadows cast by the Sun? Extending Yes, Earth s Student rotation, Thinking or spinning on (30 60 its axis, minutes) causes the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky. Earth makes a complete rotation every 24 hours. The time of day determines how long the shadow is. After assessing student learning, use the following activity to provide enrichment. Answer A is correct. heck the other answers to make sure answer A is the best choice. Activity: Rate of hemical Reactions oes Earth s revolution cause the shadows cast by the Sun? Provide No, students it takes Earth with three one unused year, or glow 365 sticks. days, iscuss to make that a complete a chemical revolution reaction produces around the light Sun. when This the process glass does tube not encased explain the flexible Sun s tube apparent is broken. movement. Ask students Answer to investigate B is incorrect. how temperature affects the light produced from the chemical reaction and if the law of conservation is obeyed. Have students measure the mass of three oes unused the Sun s glow sticks. revolution Place one cause glow the stick shadows in the freezer cast and by leave the Sun? overnight. Place another in a hot water bath No, for 1 the hour. Sun Leave revolves the third around at room the temperature. Milky Way Galaxy. Ask students This would to predict not the cause brightness shadows. of light Answer for each is glow stick incorrect. at the different temperatures. Break the tubes in the glow sticks and observe the brightness of the light of the glow sticks at each temperature. Ask students to measure the mass of the three used glow sticks. Have students oes describe Earth s the orbit results. cause To help the explain shadows this phenomena, cast by the ask Sun? students to describe how the particles in matter No, react Earth s to temperature orbit is the change path it and travels if the around reaction the obeyed Sun. The the law path of does conservation not cause of mass. the shadows. Answer is incorrect. Process Practice (20 30 minutes) Student Page 53 Questions in this section address the process skills, or Scientific Investigation and Reasoning TEKS. Students who experience Question difficulty 2 with these questions may need additional instruction in scientific processes. Have Approximately students complete what the Process time of Practice day is questions it in the in picture student editions. above? After students complete the assignment, analyze results and provide additional instruction as needed. Is it 12:00 P.M. in the picture? No, if it were 12:00 P.M. (noon), the Sun would most likely be directly above the tree, casting a very ritical short Thinking shadow. Answer (45 60 F is minutes) incorrect. Student Page 54 Use the ritical Thinking activity to review and extend the knowledge of concepts students are learning. Is it 8:00 A.M. in the picture? Yes, the tree s shadow is long on the west side of the picture, which means the Sun is in the east, and it is morning. Answer G is correct. motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

6 Teacher Edition Sample Page Unit 17 Readiness Standard 5.8() Vocabulary Focus Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Unit 5 8.5(E) Law of onservation of Mass Earth s Rotation Is The it 6:00 following P.M. in are the essential picture? vocabulary terms for this unit. No, the shadow would be cast on the opposite side because the Sun would be in the western sky. balance composition fire extinguisher investigate substance Answer H is incorrect. chemical change disposable gloves formation law of conservation of mass temperature Is it chemical 12:00 A.M. reaction in the picture? evidence gas precipitate test tube No, 12:00 A.M. is during the night. We would not see the Sun at all, and there would be no shadow. chemical splash goggles eye/face wash hot plate production thermometer It would be dark. Answer J is incorrect. color fire blanket indicate property Activity 1: Science Vocabulary Builder (15 20 minutes) Student Page 55 Question 3 Use the Science Vocabulary Builder in the student edition and the vocabulary activity to review and practice the Earth unit rotates vocabulary on its terms. axis approximately once every 24 hours, causing the day/night cycle and Activity 2: Vocabulary Posters (20 30 minutes) When ivide Earth students rotates in groups on its of axis, 3 or does 4. Provide it cause each group the phases with markers of the and Moon 11 x 14 to paper appear? or a poster. Give each No, group the phases several of vocabulary the Moon terms. are caused Instruct by each the group revolution to make of a the poster Moon for around the vocabulary Earth. Answer terms and A draw pictures is incorrect. to represent them. Share with the class orally or display posters. oes the rotation of Earth also cause Earth to orbit around the Sun? No, when Earth orbits around the Sun, Earth is said to revolve, not rotate. Answer B is incorrect. Home onnection (5 minutes) Student Page 56 When Review Earth the directions rotates on for its the axis, Home does onnection it cause activity. the apparent iscuss the movement Home Extensions of the and Sun encourage students to across complete the these sky? with a parent or guardian. Yes, because of Earth s rotation, the Sun appears to move across the sky. Answer is correct. ross-urricular onnection oes rotation cause the four seasons? No, Use seasons the following are caused activities by to the provide tilt of Earth s cross-curricular axis and connections. Earth s orbit around the Sun. Answer is incorrect. Activity 1: Science Journal (15 20 minutes) Student Page 57 Ask students to read the Science Journal prompt, respond, and share responses with partners. Question 4 Which Activity of the 2: following Health onnection would be (30 40 the best minutes) example to explain Earth s Student rotation? Page 57 Invite students to feel the shell of the egg. Ask students to compare the shell of the egg to their teeth. Ask Would students a merry-go-round to gently place an be egg a good into each example cup. Instruct to show students how Earth to wear rotates? chemical splash goggles. Have Yes, students if we imagine add enough we are water riding or vinegar a merry-go-round to the cup to we completely can see submerge it spins just the like egg. Earth Ask students does on to its wait 10 axis, minutes, but everything then remove else the stays eggs in from place. the Answer water and F is vinegar. correct. irect heck students the other to record answers all observations to make sure in the table. answer Have F students is the best compare answer. the shells after soaking in water and vinegar. Ask students to record all results in the table. Have students answer the discussion question in the student edition. iscuss outcomes as a class. Is a funnel like Earth rotating? No, Literature a funnel onnections has a hole in it (10 60 and does minutes) not spin like Earth does. Answer G is incorrect. Is a doorknob hemistry a good r. Ann example Newmarkof Earth rotating? No, a doorknob The ynamic turns World but of it hemical does not Reactions spin completely with Max and Axiom, in one Super direction Scientist like Earth. Agnieszka Answer Biskup H is incorrect. hemical Reactions Eve Hartman and Wendy Meshbesher Is a swing hemical a good hanges example Lynette of Earth s Brent rotation? No, a swing moves in a back and forth motion. Answer J is incorrect. Post-Assessment (15 20 minutes) Student Page 58 Review TEKS 8.5(E) to provide a purpose for the assessment. Have students complete the Post-Assessment in student editions. Encourage students to review their results. onference with students. Provide additional interventions or extensions as needed. 216 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 mentoringmindsonline.com totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 35

7 Unit 5 Introduction Unit 17 Introduction Motivation Station: Scientific Fact Motivation Station: Mike s ool Science Fact Fireworks are elaborate chemical reactions crafted to explode with vibrant colors and patterns. Firework reactions give Earth evidence actually of chemical takes reactions 23 hours, 56 minutes, and by sound, light, color, odor, and temperature. 4 seconds to make one complete rotation. While Earth is rotating, it is also revolving around the Sun. It takes an extra 4 minutes for Earth to rotate to the same spot it was the day before while it is also revolving. This makes a day 24 hours long. Evidence of hemical Reactions and the Law of onservation of Mass After this lesson, I will be able to: After this lesson I will be able to: Investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicates that new substances with different properties are formed emonstrate and how that that relates Earth to rotates the law on of conservation its axis once of approximately mass. every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky. Activity 1: Simulating Real-Life hemical Reactions Investigate the following chemical reactions and record all observations (temperature change, color change, gas formation, etc.) in the table below. Relate each chemical reaction to a real-life example in which similar evidence of chemical reaction applies. escriptive Investigations Activity 1: Rotation Evidence Procedure Observations of Reaction Simulation Watch as 1 your teacher presents a demonstration Before: of Earth s rotation. 1. Place a Wintergreen Life Savers What did the orange represent? candy inside the jaws of a pair of pliers. 2. arken the area of the room where After: the investigation will be conducted. 3. rush the Life Savers candy with What the pliers. did the flashlight represent during the experiment? Simulation 2 Before: 1. Place 100 ml of vinegar in a plastic What cup. happened during the demonstration? 2. Test the ph of the vinegar. 3. rush an antacid tablet and pour into After: the vinegar. 4. Stir the mixture with a spoon. 5. Test the ph after the reaction. Real-Life Example Simulation 3 Before: 1. Place 60 ml of warm water (38 43 o ), 5 grams of sugar, and 1 active dry Illustrate yeast packet the in demonstration a clear plastic by cup. drawing After: the position of the light hitting Earth during the 2. demonstration. Stir the mixture with a spoon. 3. Let mixture stand for 10 minutes. Texas during the day Texas at night Texas at sunset All materials should be disposed of in appropriate containers designated by the teacher after the investigation. 1. o all chemical reactions have the same evidence for chemical reactions? Explain your answer. 2. o the substances created during the chemical reactions have the same properties as the original substances? motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY 183 totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 49

8 Unit 5 Introduction Unit 17 Introduction Activity 2: Investigating the Law of onservation of Mass Activity 2: Apparent Movement Procedure Never 1. Obtain look a sealable directly plastic at the bag Sun. for each chemical reaction. Label the sealable plastic bags 1 through Measure the mass of each set of materials before each reaction. Record values in the Reaction ata table. On the table, record the position of the Sun in the sky throughout the day. Face south when you make 3. Follow your the observations. reaction procedures This activity below. begins at school and is completed at home. Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Time Position Place a portion cup containing Place a portion cup containing Pour 50 ml of copper 25 g of ammonium escription nitrate in a 50 g of baking soda in a bag sulfate solution into the 8:00 bag A.M. containing 50 ml of water. containing 50 ml of vinegar. plastic bag and add an Remove air from the bag Remove air from the bag iron nail. and seal. and seal. Remove air from the bag Turn the bag escription over and knead. Turn the bag over and knead. and seal. 10:00 A.M. 4. uring each chemical reaction, observe temperature, color, and states of matter of the substances formed. 5. Based on your escription observations, determine the evidence of reaction :00 Measure P.M. the mass after each reaction. Record values in the Reaction ata table. escription Reaction 2:00 P.M. Materials Ammonium nitrate escription + bag 4:00 1 P.M. Water + portion cup escription 6:00 P.M. Baking soda + portion cup 2 Mass Before Reaction (g) Reaction ata Mass After Reaction (g) Evidence of Reaction Vinegar + bag Illustrate the position of the Sun throughout the day. Face south for each observation. Be sure to include the time opper of day sulfate the Sun + appeared in each position, and include drawings of nearby landmarks. bag 3 Iron nail 1. Are new substances created during these chemical reactions? Justify your answer. 2. ompare the Mass Before Reaction and Mass After Reaction results for each reaction. Why does the Sun appear to change its position throughout the day? How does Earth s rotation cause day and night? What would happen if Earth did not rotate? 3. Explain how the Reactions 1-3 represent the law of conservation of mass. Use evidence to justify your answer. 184 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 50 ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

9 1 Below is an example of a model used to represent The a chemical picture reaction. below represents a June day. Use the picture below and your knowledge of science to answer questions 1 and 2. + North How does this model assist a student in providing evidence a chemical reaction has occurred? West 8.3(B) East A The student can use the different colored dots to show no new substance was created from the original molecules. South Unit 5 Guided Practice Unit 17 Guided Practice 3 Two chemicals are mixed and sealed in a plastic 3 bag. Earth The rotates bag begins on its to axis inflate approximately and becomes once hot to every the touch. 24 hours, What evidence causing the can day/night the student cycle cite to and show a chemical reaction occurred? A Formation of a gas A the Moon phases B Increase in temperature B the orbiting of Earth around the Sun Formation of a gas and increase in the Sun s apparent movement across temperature the sky No chemical reaction the four seasons B The student can use the different colored dots 1 The to show Sun a appears new substance to change was position created from or move the original across molecules. the sky during daylight hours. Which of the following causes the shadow to This model does not show that a chemical form in the picture above? reaction occurred. A Earth s rotation The student can use the different colored dots to show a new element was formed from the B Earth s revolution original elements. Sun s revolution Earth s orbit 2 A student mixes two liquids together and notices that a white solid has formed at the bottom of the container. What can the student conclude? 8.2(E) 1. A precipitate has formed. 2. A physical change has occurred. 3. A chemical reaction has occurred. 4. A chemical change has occurred. 2 Approximately what time of day is it in the F picture 1 and 2 above? only 5.2() H 1, 2, and 4 only 4 Which of the following would be the best example to explain Earth s rotation? F Merry-go-round 4 Which of the following could be the hypothesis G Funnel supported by an investigation that demonstrates the H law oorknob of conservation of mass in relation to chemical reactions? 8.2(B) J Swing F If the reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass, then mass will be the same before and after the reaction. G If the reaction obeys the law of conservation 5 In of what mass, direction then the does mass the will Sun increase appear after to move the reaction. across the sky? H A If West the reaction to eastobeys the law of conservation of mass, then the mass will be different before B and North after to the south reaction. J If East the reaction to westobeys the law of conservation of mass, then the mass will decrease after the South reaction. to north G F 1, 3, 12:00 and 4 P.M. only J 3 only G 8:00 A.M. 6 Many cultures have different methods of telling what time of day it is. Which of the H 6:00 P.M. 5 Students X and Y mix two clear liquids together during a laboratory following investigation. is an ancient They tool notice invented the color to of the determine the time of day? 5.3() J new 12:00 solution A.M. is red. Student X concludes there has been a chemical reaction. Student Y concludes there has not been a chemical reaction. Which student drew a valid conclusion based on the information provided? 8.3(A) F Watch A B Student X is correct because when two liquids are poured G together lock there is a chemical reaction. Student Y is correct because color is a physical property, H not Sundial a chemical property. Student X is correct because a change in color is evidence J of ompass a chemical reaction. Student Y is correct because there must be bubbling if there is a chemical reaction. motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY 185 totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 51

10 Unit 5 ontent Practice Unit 17 heck for Understanding 1 Which statement is NOT evidence that a new 1 substance Which of has these formed does during NOT a demonstrate chemical reaction? how Earth rotates on its axis to cause A Gas is produced. day and night? B Temperature changes. North Pole Precipitate forms. A Substance melts. North Pole Equator 4 The chemical reaction shown below involves the 3 reaction Earth rotates of silver on nitrate its axis with once potassium every nitrate. A month AgNO 3 + Kl Agl year+ KNO 3 Liquid Liquid Solid Liquid B 24 hours 12 hours What evidence of chemical reaction will be observed based on this chemical reaction? 4 F A Gas person formation standing in Alabama notices the Sun is rising. At the same moment, a G Flash of light person in Japan sees that the Sun has just H set. ecrease Which statement in mass correctly describes how it can be sunrise and sunset at the J same Formation moment? of precipitate B 2 Groups of students complete several stations to mix substances. They wonder if the chemical reactions formed new substances. Which of the South Pole following questions would be most appropriate to ask? F The Sun s rotation around Earth enables part of Earth to have sunlight while the 5 Which other description part is provides in darkness. evidence that chemical reactions form new substances with different chemical G The properties? Sun has moved from one location to the other during the A Bubbles course formed of a day. in a bathtub F G H J Has a physical change taken place? Has a chemical reaction altered the substances properties? Has mass been destroyed or created? What will happen when each substance melts? B H Food Earth s coloring rotation added on to its water axis enables part of Earth to have sunlight while the other Butter being melted in a pan part is in darkness. Eggs being fried in a skillet J Earth has circled around the Sun during the course of a day. 6 Which investigation results do NOT represent 5 evidence Which statement of a chemical correctly reaction? describes the Sun s apparent movement across the sky? Before After Before After A As Earth spins on its axis, it makes the Sun appear to move across the sky. 3 uring an investigation, students mix an unknown powder and unknown liquid. When the students pour the liquid into the powder, bubbles are produced. Which statement correctly identifies the type of investigation? A 2 Earth s The powder rotation and liquid causes repel the one day another and night and cycle. produce It bubbles. also causes B F The the powder Sun to and appear liquid produce to movebubbles because the law of conservation of mass is G violated. the Sun to remain in orbit H The the powder Sun to and orbit liquid Earth produce bubbles because a chemical reaction occurs. J all of the above The powder and liquid produce bubbles because a physical change occurs. B As the Sun spins around Earth, it moves F across the sky. H Earth rotates around the Sun every hours, making the Sun appear to move across the sky. The Sun rotates around Earth every 12 hours, making the Sun appear to move Before After Before After across the sky. 6 A student looks outside and observes G the Sun in the western sky. J Which of the following times could it be? F Sunrise G Sunset H Noon J Midnight 186 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 52 ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

11 Readiness Name Standard 8.5(E) Unit 5 Process Practice Unit 17 heck for Understanding Scientific Investigation and Reasoning Skills Scientific Investigation and Reasoning Skills: Questions Students conduct two investigations to determine 3 Two students investigate observe several chemical if a chemical reaction has taken place. reactions. Observations before and after the 7 Which picture was taken at 9:00 A.M.? 9 reactions Astronomers are recorded are scientists below. who study 5.2() the universe. To an astronomer, the word Test Tube Observations rotate means Before 5.3() the After the ontents Reaction Reaction Blue food coloring A orbit around another object Blue solution Two clear A clear liquid and water Reaction A liquids and a white solid B move in opposite directions Blue food coloring, lear solution Temperature Temperature water, and bleach Reaction B spin around of 20 an axis of 55 W A E ES A Students conclude from the data that the first S investigation T demonstrates a physical change, T while the second investigation demonstrates a chemical reaction. What evidence best supports the conclusion? 8.2(E) A B BNo new substance was made with the mixture of food coloring and water. A new iagram substance A was made iagram with the mixture of food coloring and water. B iagram B iagram Neither mixture is an example of a chemical reaction. Both mixtures are examples of chemical reactions. 8 Models are not perfect, but models have been used for many years by scientists to help explain ideas. Scientists use models to make predictions about the future as well as 2 A group understand of students the investigated vast world in the which chemical we live. reaction Why would of a mixture a physical of sodium model chloride demonstrating and silver Earth s nitrate. rotation Which be tools considered should be less used than when determining perfect? if 5.3() the chemical reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass? 8.4(A) F Models are an exact copy of the object F Lab or notebook, idea they safety represent. goggles, apron, and timing device G Models have limitations in representing G Lab the notebook, object or test idea. tubes, calculator, and timing device H Models are identical to the object or idea H Lab they notebook, represent. balance, test tubes, and graduated cylinder J Models match the object or idea they J Graduated cylinder, timing device, meter stick, represent exactly. and beakers Reaction revolve around Two gases another One object liquid Which question did the students most likely investigate? 8.2(B) A Are the properties of substances the same 10 A science before and teacher after a evaluates chemical reaction? students understanding of the causes of day and B night. What Students are indicators are asked of a physical to draw change? a diagram to show the process. Which of the following How do student properties diagrams change before correctly a chemical shows the reaction? process that causes the day/night cycle? 5.3(A) What are chemical properties? 4 Two students investigate chemical reactions of three unknown liquids. Which of the following is the F best experimental design? 8.2(B) motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY 187 totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 53 F G H J G H J 1. Place the same amount of baking soda in three different test tubes. 2. Pour a different amount of each liquid into each test tube. 3. Observe to see if a chemical reaction takes place. 1. Place the same amount of baking soda in three different test tubes. 2. Pour a different amount of each liquid into the same test tube. 3. Observe to see if a chemical reaction takes place. 1. Place a different amount of baking soda in three different test tubes. 2. Pour a different amount of each liquid in each test tube. 3. Observe to see if a chemical reaction takes place. 1. Place the same amount of baking soda in three different test tubes. 2. Pour the same amount of each liquid in the appropriate test tubes. 3. Observe to see if a chemical reaction takes place.

12 Unit 5 ritical Thinking Unit 17 heck for Understanding Verifying the Law of onservation of Mass A group 11 Many of students cultures create believed a chemical the Sun reaction traveled using baking 13 soda The and picture vinegar. is a photograph of the night sky around Earth. In the 1500s, a man named over a period of many hours. opernicus proposed that Earth traveled Baking around soda the Sun. Vinegar A scientist named Galileo found evidence to support opernicus idea. Earth revolves around the Sun, but it also makes a complete rotation. How long does it take Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis? 5.3() A 365 days B 1 day Why does the night sky appear to move Before hemical 1 month Reaction After in a circular hemical pattern Reactionas shown in the photograph? 5.2() After completing 1 week the investigation, the students determine that the reaction made some of the ingredients disappear. The group decides this chemical reaction is an exception A to Earth the law rotates of conservation its axis of once matter. a day. 1. Explain why the results from the investigation seem to disobey B the The law night of conservation sky rotates of over matter. Earth. 12 Observe the diagram below. 3. Obtain approval from the B teacher before performing the 14 revised In an investigation. activity, students make a large human sundial. The sundial uses the Sun to tell the Trial Mass Before hemical Reaction (g) Mass After approximate hemical Reaction time of (g) day. hange in Mass (g) West 1 A g 4. Graph the results for all three trials of the revised investigation. East y hemical Reaction Results Which of the following shows where the Sun s position should be at 12:00 P.M.? 5.2() How is this possible? 5.2() F Position A G Position B H Position J Position g Stars travel in a circular direction around Earth. 2. Revise the procedure to prove the law of conservation of matter. Earth rotates on its axis once every 12 hours. 3 Mass (g) F The Sun moves across the sky each day because it spins around Earth. G The sundial measures the distance from Earth to the Sun as it moves across the sky. Synthesis reate H Earth moves around the Sun each day, making the Sun appear to move across the sky. Before Trial 1 After J The position of the Sun in the sky Before After appears to change during x the day because Before Earth After rotates on its axis. Trial 2 Trial ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 54 ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8

13 Analyzing Rotation Unit 5 Science Vocabulary Builder Unit 17 ritical Thinking omplete the graphic organizer below with illustrations of the evidences of chemical reactions. Gas Formation Analysis Analyze Light olor hange Observe the picture of Earth, and draw where the Sun would be located to create the view shown. 1. oes the picture show day or night where you live? Evidences of hemical Reactions 2. Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky during the day? 3. How long does it take for Earth to rotate one time? 4. If Earth is constantly spinning, why do we not feel the movement? Te m p erature hange Precipitate 5. How many times has Earth rotated since your last birthday? Formative Assessment S oun d escribe some advantages and disadvantages of the models you used to demonstrate Earth s rotation? iscuss how mass is conserved during all chemical reactions. motivationscience LEVEL 5 ILLEGAL TO OPY 189 totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8 ILLEGAL TO OPY 55

14 Unit 5 Home onnection Unit 17 Journal hemical reactions happen all around us. Some examples of common chemical reactions are listed below. omplete the following chart based on your knowledge of science and evidence of chemical reactions. Science Journal Pretend you are Earth. Write escription a story of about substances a 24-hour escription time period of substances from Earth s Evidence point of view. that a chemical hemical Reaction before the chemical after the chemical reaction occurred reaction reaction ooked egg Baked cake Leaves changing color Wood burning Rusting nail Home Extensions 1. iscuss with your student what each of the substances look like before and after chemical reactions. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred? 2. Brainstorm other real-life examples of chemical reactions. What do they have in common with the chemical reactions above.? 3. reate your own chemical reaction to test at home. Remember, safety is very important. 190 ILLEGAL TO OPY motivationscience LEVEL 5 56 ILLEGAL TO OPY totalmotivationsiene LEVEL 8