Biology Basics Unit Review Guide

Transcription

1 I. Write the scientific term for each of the following statements: 1. The lab equipment that used to determine acidity or alkalinity of the solutions. ( ) 2. The sciences that are mainly concerned with the study of non-living objects. ( ) 3. It is a proposed explanation based on evidences that can be investigated further to prove it right or wrong. ( ) 4. It is scientific procedure that is carried out to validate whether a hypothesis is correct or not. ( ) 5. The series of steps that engineers follow to come up with the solution of the problem. ( ) 6. The first step in the technological design process in which the engineers highlight the problem. ( ) 7. The smallest building block unit of the life. ( ) 8. The bond in which the electrons are unequally shared between the two atoms of different elements. ( ) 9. The process in which the chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken. ( ) 10. The bond that responsible for the unique properties of water. ( ) 11. A long chain of repeating molecules. ( ) 12. The molecule that formed when two monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction. ( ) 13. The chemical signals that released by endocrine cells. ( ) 14. The building blocks of the nucleic acids. ( ) 15. A chemical reaction which break down the polymer. ( ) II. Multiple Choice: choose the letter of the best answer. 1. The object in the following picture is. a) the Conical flask b) Measuring cylinder c) Beaker d) Volumetric flask Copyright iteachly.com 1

2 2. is the laboratory equipment that used to measure the volume of a liquid in ml. a) Conical flask b) Beaker c) Graduated cylinder d) Dropper 3. What does this safety symbol stand for? a) Electric shock b) Poison c) Explosive d) Flammable and Combustible 4. The is mainly concerned with the study of living organisms. a) Social sciences b) Formal sciences c) Life sciences d) Physical sciences 5. is the final step of the scientific method that explain the evaluated result obtained from the experimental findings and observation. a) Evaluation b) Hypothesis c) Interpretation d) Observation 6. refer to the tendency of atoms to prefer eight electrons in their outer most shell. a) Electronegativity b) Octet rule c) Hydrogen bonding d) Van der Waals forces Copyright iteachly.com 2

3 7. is the property that makes water able to dissolve many compounds. a) Polarity b) High boiling point c) Neutral d) High melting point 8. are the building blocks of the protein molecules. a) Nucleic acids b) Amino acids c) Monomers d) Nucleotides 9. What is the function of enzymes? a) Quick energy b) Movement c) Serve as thermal insulator d) Lower the activation energy 10. function as energy store at mammalian muscles. a) Starch b) Glucose c) Glycogen d) Cellulose III. Compare between: 1. Monosaccharides and disaccharides. Copyright iteachly.com 3

4 2. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. 3. Science and technology. 4. Social sciences and formal sciences. 5. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. IV. Enumerate the technological design process steps. Copyright iteachly.com 4

5 V. What is the relationship between glucose, fructose, and sucrose? VI. Each sentence below describes a step of the scientific method. Match each sentence from column A with a step of the scientific method listed in column B. Column A 1. Stephen predicted that seeds would start to grow faster if an electric current traveled through the soil in which they were planted. 2. Jonathan s data showed that household cockroaches moved away from raw cucumber slices 3. Kathy used a survey to determine how many of her classmates were left-handed and how many were right-handed 4. Justin wondered if dyes could be taken out of plant leaves, flowers, and stems Column B A. Recognize a problem B. Form a hypothesis C. Test the hypothesis with an experiment D. Draw conclusions VII. Draw the general chemical structure of an amino acid. And discuss how amino acids. Copyright iteachly.com 5

6 VIII. Matching Type: Match the statement from (Column A) that best define the symbol in (Column B). Column A Column B 1. Toxic material 2. Hot surface A. 3. Radioactive 4. Explosive material B. 5. High voltage C. D. E. IX. Why is the water molecule polar? What are the consequences of this property? Copyright iteachly.com 6

7 Answers I. Write the scientific term for each of the following statements: 1. The lab equipment that used to determine acidity or alkalinity of the solutions. (PH meter) 2. The sciences that are mainly concerned with the study of non-living objects. (Physical sciences) 3. It is a proposed explanation based on evidences that can be investigated further to prove it right or wrong. (Hypothesis) 4. It is scientific procedure that is carried out to validate whether a hypothesis is correct or not. (Experiment) 5. The series of steps that engineers follow to come up with the solution of the problem. (Technological design process) 6. The first step in the technological design process in which the engineers highlight the problem. (Identify the problem) 7. The smallest building block unit of the life. (Atom) 8. The bond in which the electrons are unequally shared between the two atoms of different elements. (Polar bond) 9. The process in which the chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken. (Chemical reaction) 10. The bond that responsible for the unique properties of water. (Hydrogen bond) 11. A long chain of repeating molecules. (Polymer) 12. The molecule that formed when two monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction. (Disaccharide) 13. The chemical signals that released by endocrine cells. (Hormones) 14. The building blocks of the nucleic acids. (Nucleotides) 15. A chemical reaction which break down the polymer. (Hydrolysis) II. Multiple Choice: choose the letter of the best answer. 1. The object in the following picture is. a) the Conical flask b) Measuring cylinder c) Beaker d) Volumetric flask Copyright iteachly.com 7

8 2. is the laboratory equipment that used to measure the volume of a liquid in ml. a) Conical flask b) Beaker c) Graduated cylinder d) Dropper 3. What does this safety symbol stand for? a) Electric shock b) Poison c) Explosive d) Flammable and Combustible 4. The is mainly concerned with the study of living organisms. a) Social sciences b) Formal sciences c) Life sciences d) Physical sciences 5. is the final step of the scientific method that explain the evaluated result obtained from the experimental findings and observation. a) Evaluation b) Hypothesis c) Interpretation d) Observation 6. refer to the tendency of atoms to prefer eight electrons in their outer most shell. a) Electronegativity b) Octet rule c) Hydrogen bonding d) Van der Waals forces Copyright iteachly.com 8

9 7. is the property that makes water able to dissolve many compounds. a) Polarity b) High boiling point c) Neutral d) High melting point 8. are the building blocks of the protein molecules. a) Nucleic acids b) Amino acids c) Monomers d) Nucleotides 9. What is the function of enzymes? a) Quick energy b) Movement c) Serve as thermal insulator d) Lower the activation energy 10. function as energy store at mammalian muscles. a) Starch b) Glucose c) Glycogen d) Cellulose III. Compare between: 1. Monosaccharides and disaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest type of carbohydrates which typically contains from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The most common examples are glucose and fructose. Disaccharides is a two-sugar molecule that formed when two monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis such as sucrose. Copyright iteachly.com 9

10 2. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Polar covalent bond: The type in which the electrons are unequally shared between the two atoms of different elements. As the result of this unequal distribution of the electrons, a slightly negative charge (δ ) and slightly positive charge (δ+) develop in the molecule. Nonpolar covalent bond: The type in which the electrons are equally shared between the two atoms of the same elements or between atoms of different elements that have approximately the same electronegativity. 3. Science and technology. Science is a process of analysis and examinations that searches for relationships that elucidate, clarify and predict the nonliving, living and designed world while the Technology is the application of scientific discoveries to meet the human needs through the development of products and processes. 4. Social sciences and formal sciences. Social Sciences: These sciences that are mainly concerned with the study of human mind. They include Sociology and Psychology. Formal Sciences: These sciences which include the study of formal systems. These include: Mathematics and Logic. 5. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids are the fatty acids which contain only single bonds between their carbon atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids are the fatty acids that contain a double bond in the carbon chain. IV. Enumerate the technological design process steps. 1. Identify the problem 2. Research and gathering information 3. Brainstorm possible solutions 4. Generate possible ideas 5. Explore possibilities 6. Select the best approach 7. Build a test model or prototype 8. Refine and retest the model as needed Copyright iteachly.com 10

11 V. What is the relationship between glucose, fructose, and sucrose? Glucose and fructose are isomers of one another. They have the same chemical formula but differ in how those elements are bonded to each other within the molecule. Glucose and fructose link together by a dehydration synthesis to form a molecule of sucrose which is known as table sugar. VI. Each sentence below describes a step of the scientific method. Match each sentence from column A with a step of the scientific method listed in column B. Column A 1. Stephen predicted that seeds would start to grow faster if an electric current traveled through the soil in which they were planted. (B) 2. Jonathan s data showed that household cockroaches moved away from raw cucumber slices (D) 3. Kathy used a survey to determine how many of her classmates were left-handed and how many were right-handed (C) 4. Justin wondered if dyes could be taken out of plant leaves, flowers, and stems (A) Column B A. Recognize a problem B. Form a hypothesis C. Test the hypothesis with an experiment D. Draw conclusions VII. Draw the general chemical structure of an amino acid. And discuss how amino acids. The R group varies from amino acid to amino acid giving them different chemical properties and giving rise to different types of amino acids. Copyright iteachly.com 11

12 VIII. Matching Type: Match the statement from (Column A) that best define the symbol in (Column B). Column A Column B 1. Toxic material (C) 2. Hot surface (E) A. 3. Radioactive (D) 4. Explosive material (A) B. 5. High voltage (B) C. D. E. IX. Why is the water molecule polar? What are the consequences of this property? The electronegativity of oxygen is much higher than the electronegativity of hydrogen which means that the oxygen attracts the negative electrons of the bond towards itself more than the hydrogen. As a result, the oxygen acquires a partial negative charge and the hydrogen acquires a partial positive charge resulting in the polarity of the water molecules. Therefore, water is considered as a universal polar solvent. Copyright iteachly.com 12