What are you doing? Figures and tables done? Cyanobacteria lab done?
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1 What are you doing? Figures and tables done? Cyanobacteria lab done?
2 Questions is the loss of secondary and tertiary structure of a protein. Trypsinogen is to Trypsin as is to An is a category of proteases that can only cleave the internal bonds of a polypeptide chain.
3 Biology: life study of What is Life? Properties of Life Cellular Structure: the unit of life, one or many Metabolism: photosynthesis, respiration, fermentation, digestion, gas exchange, secretion, excretion, circulation--processing materials and energy Growth: cell enlargement, cell number Movement: intracellular, movement, locomotion Reproduction: avoid extinction at death Behavior: short term response to stimuli Evolution: long term adaptation
4 Gas Exchange Ch. 44 pg light CO 2 + H 2 O O 2 + CH 2 O chlorophyll CH 2 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy
5 The basic metabolic interdependence of terrestrial organisms CO 2 gas exchanges O2 CH 2 O H 2 O H2 O
6 Leaf Cross Section cuticle upper epidermis palisade mesophyll vein xylem vein phloem spongy mesophyll lower epidermis gas exchange CO 2 O 2 Metabolic Mode Day In Out Autotrophic stoma and guard cells Night Out In Heterotrophic
7 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company SEM of Spongy mesophyll shows each leaf cell is close to air
8 The exchange of gases is regulated by the opening size of the stoma (mouth) between the two guard cells of leaf epidermis. flaccid turgid
9 Factors influencing stomatal diameter enlarging stoma abundant water abundant light low internal CO 2 turgid reducing stoma water deficit darkness high internal CO 2 abscisic acid hormone flaccid H 2 O
10 Woody stems lack stomata, so exchange gas through lenticels openings in the bark
11 Gas Exchange Diffusion O 2 CO 2 Stentor Paramecium As size increases, more respiratory surface is needed
12 Diffusion Rate In order maximize diffusion: 1. Increase surface area 2. Decrease the thickness of the respiratory surface 3. Increase the partial pressure gradient of the gas across the surface (conc. grad.)
13 Gas exchange through diffusion requires an extensive capillary system Bristleworms (Nereis) have capillary beds in the parapodia for gas exchange 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
14 Gas Exchange External Gills Mexican Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum Nudibranch 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company These amphibians can also exchange gasses through their skin
15 Gas Exchange Internal Gills Calico scallop Argopecten gibbus 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company Ciliated surfaces move water across gills for gas exchange, Water movement necessary in aquatic animals with internal gills
16 Sea cucumber Cl. Holothuroidea 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Compa
17 Architeuthis Giant squid Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni Colossal squid mantle mouth tentacles 300x363,0.jpg
18 Perca flavescens oxygenated water operculum deoxygenated, carbonated water Muscular operation of operculum system moves water into mouth, over evaginated gills, and out from trailing edge of operculum
19
20 Gill filament shows countercurrent exchange design: oxygenated water water and blood flow in opposite directions deoxygenated water 1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
21 Countercurrent is more efficient than concurrent exchange water countercurrent water concurrent Percent O 2 Saturation blood water blood Countercurrent flow maximizes: Oxygen removal from water Blood oxygen content Percent O 2 Saturation blood water blood In countercurrent exchange, there is always a difference in partial pressure, so oxygen always move into capillaries. Not so in concurrent circulation
22 Questions Give two conditions that cause plant guard cells to open.
Gas Exchange 3/26/12. Biology: life study of. What is Life? Ch. 44 pg Properties of Life Cellular Structure: the unit of life, one or many
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