b. Leaf: 7. Where are most of the plants carbohydrates made? 8. Where are carbohydrates stored for future use?

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1 Plant Structures 1. Circle the three main parts of the plant to the left. 2. What does each part below do for the plant? a. Stem: b. Leaf: c. Root: 3. Where does most photosynthesis occur? 4. Where are most of the nutrients collected for the plant? 5. Where is water collected for the plant? 6. What part must be good at transporting materials? 7. Where are most of the plants carbohydrates made? 8. Where are carbohydrates stored for future use? 9. In which part do we see the usefulness of a stiff cell wall? 10. Which part helps anchor the plant so the wind does not knock it over? 11. Which part of the plant loses the most water through transpiration? 12. What things to most plants need?

2 Name Class Date Leaf Structure Most leaves are made primarily of mesophyll. Palisade mesophyll absorbs light. Spongy mesophyll cells are loosely packed and allow gases to pass in and out. Leaves also have vascular tissue, an epidermis, and a cuticle. Color the leaf structures according to the prompts. Color the epidermis blue. Color the spongy mesophyll green. Color the palisade mesophyll yellow. Color the vascular tissue orange. Color the cuticle purple. Answer the question. Circle the correct answer. 1. In which layer are stomata and guard cells located? epidermis palisade mesophyll Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 221

3 Name Class Date Stomata The stomata of a plant open and close to control the flow of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, to and from the leaves. Specialized cells in the epidermis, called guard cells, control whether a stoma is open or closed. Label each diagram as an open or closed stoma. Draw a blue arrow showing the movement of carbon dioxide through the open stoma. Draw a yellow arrow showing the movement of oxygen through the open stoma. Answer the questions. 1. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide move through stomata. 2. At what time of day are stomata generally open? Circle the correct answer. day night 3. What causes stomata to open and close? 4. Why are stomata important to a plant? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 222

4 Name Class Date Vascular Tissue Xylem and phloem are the two main subsystems of vascular tissue in plants. Xylem conducts water, while phloem conducts food and other materials. Xylem is made up of specialized cells called tracheids and vessel elements. Phloem is made up of sieve tube elements and companion cells. Color the tracheids green. Color the vessel elements blue. Color the companion cells yellow. Color the sieve tube elements orange. Xylem Phloem Use the diagrams to answer the questions. Circle the correct answer. 1. Which cells are mainly responsible for transporting carbohydrates and other materials through the plant? sieve tube elements tracheids 2. In what type of plants are vessel elements found? angiosperms mosses Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 217

5 Name Class Date Important Events in Plant Evolution The cladogram shows plant evolution. The circles represent important adaptations in plant evolution. Follow the prompts. Circle the plants that have vascular tissue. Mark an X on plants that have seeds. Cone-bearing plants Flowering plants Mosses and their relatives Ferns and their relatives Flowers and fruit Seeds Water-conducting (vascular) tissue Green algae ancestor Use the cladogram to answer the questions. 1. Which plants have flowers and fruit? 2. Which of these evolved earlier? Circle the correct answer. seeds flowers 3. What plants do not have vascular tissue? Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 207

6 Name Date Flower Dissection Part I: Sepals Draw the sepal layer Part III: Stamens Draw the stamens Label the anthers and filaments. Part II: Petals Draw the Petal later. Part IV: Pistil or Carpel Draw the pistil (AKA carpel) Label the stigma, style, and ovary

7 Dicots Nonflowering Plants Some plants don't produce flowers and seeds. Plants such as ferns and mosses are called nonflowering plants and produce spores instead of seeds..

8 Questions: Answer the following questions from the lab in complete sentences and attach to this handout. 1. Can you think of other ways (other than the wind) that cross fertilization of flowers might happen? 2. What is the role of the sepals? In other words, what do they do for the flower? 3. What is the function of the petals? Why do you think they are colorful, fragrant and uniquely shaped? 4. What is the stamen and what does it produce? 5. Is the stamen considered male or female? 6. What is the carpel? 7. What is a pistle? 8. What is the function of the stigma? Why do you think it is sticky? 9. Explain how pollination occurs in a flower. 10. Is your flower a monocot or dicot? How do you know? EXPLAIN! 11. Pick 3 other flowers and try to determine if they are monocots or dicots.

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