! E EUKARYOTE CYTOLOGY INTERCELLULAR SPACE MIDDLE LAMELLA PEROXISOME PLASMODESMATA VACUOLE CYTOSOL CELL WALL GOLGI BODY MIDDLE LAMELLA NUCLEUS

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1 EUKARYOTE CYTOLOGY INTERCELLULAR SPACE! E PEROXISOME VACUOLE CELL WALL MIDDLE LAMELLA CHLOROPLAST CYTOPLASMIC STRAND CYTOSOL CELL MEMBRANE MIDDLE LAMELLA PLASMODESMATA CYTOSOL GOLGI BODY NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRION NUCLEOLUS RIBOSOMES ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER RIBOSOMES PIT FIELD

2 EXOCYTOSIS > GOLGI BODY VESICLES FUSE WITH CELL MEMBRANE AND EXIT MACROMOLECULES FROM CELL EXOCYTOSIS

3 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM +

4 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM + ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM VESICLES

5 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM + ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI

6 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM + ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI CYTOSOL GOLGI VESICLE CYTOSOL

7 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM + ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI CYTOSOL GOLGI VESICLE

8 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM + ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI CYTOSOL GOLGI VESICLE CELL MEMBRANE

9 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM EX? ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI CYTOSOL GOLGI VESICLE CONTENT EXITS CELL CELL MEMBRANE MACROMOLECULES

10 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ^ ER-POLE CELL MEMBRANE POLE GOLGI CYTOSOL GOLGI VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS CELL MEMBRANE MACROMOLECULES

11 E INTERNAL PASSAGE

12 ENDOCYTOSIS

13 ENDOCYTOSIS > CELL MEMBRANE ENGULFS EXTERNAL MACROMOLECULES AND ENTERS MACROMOLECULES INTO CELL ENDOCYTOSIS

14 + CELL CELL MEMBRANE FOOD PARTICLE

15 E CELL FOOD PARTICLE CELL MEMBRANE

16 + CELL FOOD PARTICLE CELL MEMBRANE ENGULFS FOOD PARTICLE

17 F CELL FOOD PARTICLE CELL MEMBRANE ENGULFS FOOD PARTICLE

18 EN? FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE CELL MEMBRANE ENGULFS FOOD PARTICLE

19 M FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE ENDOCYTOSIS

20 P FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE MACROMOLECULES FOOD PARTICLE

21 FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE POLYSACCHARIDES FOOD PARTICLE

22 M FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE POLYSACCHARIDES FOOD PARTICLE = HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

23 FOOD VACUOLE CELL FOOD PARTICLE MONOSACCHARIDES FOOD PARTICLE = HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

24 M CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES

25 E CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES METABOLISM

26 O EFFICIENT METABOLISM CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES METABOLISM EFFICIENT METABOLISM

27 E ORGANIZATION INCREASES CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES METABOLISM ORGANIZATION INCREASES

28 H ENTOPY DECREASES CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES METABOLISM ENTROPY INCREASES

29 HOMEOSTASIS CYTOSOL CELL MONOSACCHARIDES METABOLISM HOMEOSTASIS

30 SLIME MOLD > ENDOCYTOSIS

31 ? ENDOCYTOSIS ESSENTIAL ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

32 PLANT CELL M?

33 PLANT CELL? MITOCHONDRION

34 PLANT CELL C MITOCHONDRION?

35 PLANT CELL E MITOCHONDRION CHLOROPLAST

36 PLANT CELL > 2 MITOCHONDRION CHLOROPLAST ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

37 ^ ENDOCYTOSIS ESSENTIAL ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

38 ? CHAPTER 10 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

39 A QUESTION WHAT DO BIOLOGISTS CALL THE STUDY OF BIOCHEMISTRY? QUESTION

40 P ANSWER PHYSIOLOGY ANSWER

41 PHYSIOLOGY

42 PHYSIOLOGY + STUDY BIOCHEMISTRY PHYSIOLOGY

43 PHYSIOLOGY STUDY BIOCHEMISTRY --- STUDY BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS PHYSIOLOGY

44 + PHYSIOLOGY STUDY OF BIOCHEMISTRY

45 + PHYSIOLOGY STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS

46 PHOTOSYNTHESIS +

47 PLANT PHYSIOLOGIST ^

48 HETEROTROPHS VS AUTOTROPHS

49 H ~10 MILLION SPECIES EARTH

50 HETEROTROPHS

51 HETEROTROPHS INCAPABLE CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS HETEROTROPHS

52 A NORTH AMERICAN GRASSLAND HETEROTROPHS

53 AUTOTROPHS

54 AUTOTROPHS CAPABLE CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS AUTOTROPHS

55 TROPICAL RAINFOREST P AUTOTROPHS

56 TROPICAL RAINFOREST ^ PHOTOSYNTHESIS

57 P PHOTOSYNTHESIS DEFINED

58 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

59 L CONVERSION LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY

60 GLUCOSE LIGHT ENERGY C

61 GLUCOSE CHEMICAL ENERGY G

62 GLUCOSE

63 TYPICAL PLANT ^ PLANT ORGANS

64 L TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS

65 TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS ROOT TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS

66 TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS ROOT STEM TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS

67 TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS + ROOT STEM LEAF TYPICAL PLANT ORGANS

68 TYPICAL PLANT LEAF R STEM PLANT ORGANS ROOT

69 TYPICAL PLANT LEAF S STEM PLANT ORGANS ROOT

70 TYPICAL PLANT LEAF L STEM PLANT ORGANS ROOT

71 TYPICAL PLANT LEAF ^ STEM PLANT ORGANS ROOT

72 LEAF L

73 LEAF

74 LEAF EG PRINCIPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN LEAF

75 PHOTOSYNTHESIS EX LEAF PRINCIPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN MAPLE

76 PHOTOSYNTHESIS EG LEAF PRINCIPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN NUMEROUS EXCEPTIONS MAPLE

77 PHOTOSYNTHESIS S CACTUS PLANT

78 PHOTOSYNTHESIS STEM + CACTUS PLANT

79 PHOTOSYNTHESIS A LEAF PRINCIPLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN MAPLE

80 PHOTOSYNTHESIS ^ LEAF ANATOMY MAPLE

81 LEAF ANATOMY

82 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS C PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

83 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS U PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

84 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS M PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

85 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS P MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM LOWER EPIDERMIS MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

86 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS S PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM LOWER EPIDERMIS MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

87 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS A PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

88 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS C PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM AIR SPACES LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

89 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS V PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

90 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS X PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

91 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS P PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

92 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS L PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

93 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS S PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

94 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS S PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

95 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS G PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE

96 LEAF ANATOMY CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS PALISADE MESOPHYLL VASCULAR TISSUE VASCULAR TISSUE XYLEM PHLOEM CO2 & H2O LOWER EPIDERMIS SPONGY MESOPHYLL GUARD CELL C.S. CUTICLE STOMA STOMATE LE

97 PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAF STOMATE LOWER EPIDERMIS

98 LOWER EPIDERMIS? LEAF W.M. LEAF STOMATE

99 LOWER EPIDERMIS S STOMA? LEAF W.M. LEAF STOMATE

100 LOWER EPIDERMIS? STOMA LEAF W.M. LEAF STOMATE

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