Take-Home Quiz I. Summer 2005 Semester

Transcription

1 General Instructions and Information: Obtain an answer sheet from the instructor and legibly write your name in the appropriate space. After placing your name, you must enter your Patron ID Number (NOT your social security number) in the appropriate space and darken the corresponding bubbled numbers. Be sure to place the number zero ( 0 ) in the first two squares, and then follow it with the six digits of your patron ID number. Leave the last square blank. Be absolutely certain to darken the appropriate bubbles. Should you not enter your patron ID number or should you incorrectly darken the bubbles, five (5.0) points will be deducted from your final score for this quiz. In addition, be sure to place the instructor s last name on the lines provided. This Take- Home Quiz consists of fifty (50) questions. Ten are multiple-choice questions, whereas the remaining forty consist of True/False statements. When answered correctly, each is worth one point (1) point. Please note that your answer sheet is due NO LATER than 10:30 AM, Wednesday, June 8th. Answer sheets returned later than this deadline will not be accepted and a score of 0 will be recorded. Note the following restrictions: You are permitted to collaborate on this quiz with other students who are currently enrolled in this course. However, you are not permitted to just copy answers from one another. You must make an honest effort to actively gather the answers by yourself or within a study group. The lack of a good faith effort on your part will be considered academic dishonesty. Also, receiving help from students not enrolled in this course or from sources other than those specifically associated with this course will be considered an act of academic dishonesty. Such incidents will not be tolerated and will be handled according to course and University policy. Instructions For Answering Multiple Choice Questions: Read each question very carefully. Determine the BEST answer for a particular question from among the four different choices listed below it. Darken the appropriate bubble on the answer sheet corresponding to the question you are answering. In doing so, be sure to follow the instructions on the back of the answer sheet. Mismarked answer sheets (i.e, answers placed out of order) will not be rescored. Hence, you are strongly encouraged to review your answer sheet before returning it. 1. Organisms that can use carbon dioxide as their sole or principal source of carbon are A) auxotrophs. B) autotrophs. C) prototrophs. D) heterotrophs. Page 1 of 5

2 2. membranes allow some molecules to pass but not others. A) Permeable B) Inverted monolayer C) Selectively permeable D) Impermeable 3. Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion? A) tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme reactions B) electron transport C) ATP synthesis 4. Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between procaryotic and eucaryotic cells? A) the use of DNA for the storage of genetic information B) the presence of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins C) the presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm 5. Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids? A) They can replicate independently of the chromosome. B) They may carry genes for drug resistance. C) They are required for host growth and/or reproduction. D) They may carry genes that enhance the metabolic capabilities of the bacterium. 6. The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria A) retains the cytoplasm and its contents. B) acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others. C) is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes. 7. In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is A) iodine. B) safranin. C) crystal violet. D) alcohol. 8. Prior to staining, smears of microorganisms are heat-fixed in order to A) kill the organism. B) ensure removal of dust particles from the slide surface. C) attach it firmly to the slide. D) create small pores in cells that facilitates binding of stain to cell structures. Page 2 of 5

3 9. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was A) iodine. B) ethanol. C) phenol. D) none of the above. 10. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields of biology? A) the size of the organism studied B) the techniques used to study organisms regardless of their size C) both the size of the organism studied and the techniques employed in the study of organisms D) neither the size of the organism studied nor the techniques employed in the study of organisms regardless of their size Instructions For Answering True/False Questions: Read each of the following True/False questions very carefully. Determine if the statement that you are reading, as written, is true or false. If you believe that the statement is true, then darken the A bubble on the answer sheet corresponding to the numbered statement you are answering. If you believe that the statement is false, then darken the B bubble on the answer sheet corresponding to the numbered statement you are answering. Mismarked answer sheets (i.e, answers placed out of order) will not be rescored. Hence, you are strongly encouraged to review your answer sheet before returning it. 11. Nitrogen can be obtained from either organic or inorganic sources. 12. Zinc (Zn) is considered a macronutrient. 13. Different transport systems for the same nutrient that are part of the same organism are usually regulated in different ways. 14. A given medium can be either selective or differential but not both. 15. Permease proteins that aid in the transport of nutrients resemble enzymes in their specificity for the substance to be transported. Each carrier is selective and will transport only a closely related set of substances. 16. The extreme insolubility of ferric iron leaves little free iron available for transport. 17. The trace amounts of micronutrients needed by microorganisms are usually supplied as inadvertent contaminants in water and regular media components. 18. In addition to being more complex chemically, the basic structure of the plasma membrane of eucaryotic cells is very different from that of procaryotic cells. Page 3 of 5

4 19. Electron transport reactions similar to those that occur in the mitochondria of eucaryotes also occur in prokaryotes, but take place on the plasma membrane in the latter cells. 20. The major difference between the storage vacuoles of eucaryotes and the inclusion bodies of procaryotes is that the former are membrane bound whereas the latter are not. 21. The nucleolus is a highly active region of the chromatin that is required for synthesis of ribosomes. 22. Like procaryotic cells, most eucaryotic cells have an external cell wall. 23. Although similar in function, the eucaryotic ribosome is generally smaller and more complex than the procaryotic ribosome. 24. The endoplasmic reticulum is mostly devoid of ribosomes (smooth) when cells are producing large quantities of lipid. 25. The membrane bound structure that contains the chromosomes of eucaryotes is called the nucleus. 26. Chloroplasts are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. 27. New ER is produced through expansion of existing ER. 28. Type II secretion pathway is used to transport proteins across the outer membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. 29. Type III bacterial protein secretion machinery directly injects protein virulence factors into susceptible host cells. 30. Membranes of the Archaea all have a typical bilayer structure. 31. Cell walls of most Archaea and bacteria contain peptidoglycan. 32. L forms may arise by the complete (or partial) loss of the cell wall. If the loss is complete, the L form will be stable because bacteria need a preexisting cell wall in order to construct new cell walls. 33. Some microbiologists consider mesosomes to be artifacts generated during chemical fixation and therefore they do not exist in living organisms. 34. Gram-positive bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than gram-negative bacteria. Page 4 of 5

5 35. Gram-positive bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria. 36. The cell membrane is a rigid structure that provides bacteria with their characteristic shapes. 37. Mordants increase the binding between a stain and specimen. 38. Negative staining facilitates the visualization of bacterial capsules which are intensely stained by the procedure. 39. Gram staining divides bacterial species into roughly two equal groups. 40. Resolution decreases when the wavelength of the illuminating light decreases. 41. It is possible to build a light microscope capable of 10,000X magnification, but the image would not be sharp because resolution is independent of magnification. 42. Because transmission electron microscopy uses electrons rather than light, it is not necessary to stain biological specimens before observing them. 43. The Gram-staining procedure is one of the most widely used differential stains because it allows rapid identification of a microorganism with little additional testing. 44. Immersion oil increases the amount of light passing through a specimen and entering the objective lens. 45. Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered members of the kingdom Prokaryote. 46. All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus. 47. The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first developed by Jacob Henle. 48. Edward Jenner was the first to use what we now call vaccination in order to prevent a disease. 49. Microbiologists generally do not study viruses because they are not classified as living organisms. 50. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases. Page 5 of 5