Microscopes. October 28, 2014
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- Sophia Hubbard
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1 Microscopes
2
3 Magnification Power You multiply the ocular lens magnification by the magnification of the objective lens you are using. Ocular lens is 10X Low Power is 4X Total magnification 10 X 4 = 40X Deep Sea Worm
4 Field of View (FOV) The diameter of the circle you see when you look through a microscope. Calculating: Step 1: Ratio Quotient: higher magnification lower magnification Ex. 10X 4X Step 2: Field Diameter: lower field diameter ratio quotient 4.0mm mm
5 Determining the Actual Size of the Object Actual size = Field diameter # of objects estimated to fit across the diameter This is what you see under the microscope on low power
6 Constructing scale diagrams You often have to draw scale diagrams in biology. Step 1: Estimate how big your specimen is. Think about how many times it would fit across your FOV. Step 2: Draw a circle and then figure out your scale. Scale = diagram size of object (units) actual size (units) This is what you see under the microscope on low power Drawing 20 cm diameter
7 Staining Clear things do not tend to show up well while viewing through a microscope. We stain cells to see organelles. Staining cells involves using a chemical, (usually iodine) this allows us to see the cell.
8 We use compound light microscopes but there are others. TEM - Transmission electron microscopes -2D images SEM - Scanning Electron Microscope -3D Images X-Ray crystallography - we can see details of molecules -This technique showed us DNA's actual shape.
9 SEM or TEM Both are salt: click on the SEM image to advance.
10 What am I? Click on the answer to advance A. Calcareous Phytoplankton B. Plankton Cell Wall C. Tongue Bacteria D. Ulcer Bacteria
11 A. Aids Virus B. Ecoli C. Macrophages D. Vaccina Virus
12 A. Lava B. The surface of the moon C. Chocolate Icecream D. Ear wax
13 A. Algae B. Elodea C. Nerve Dendrites D. Paramecium
14 A. A sock B. The eye of a rabbit C. Cyanobacteria D. Chromosomes
15 A. Fern leaf B. Duodenum C. Tongue D. Surface of a Lollipop
16 A. Nylon cloth B. Octopus legs C. Surface of an elephant's trunk D. Caterpillar feet
17 A. Bakugan B. Head louse C. Dust mite D. Ant
18 A. Glass B. Diamond C. Potassium Crystal D. Snowflake
19 A. Dust B. Leaves C. Rat hair D. Wool
20 Cell Theory Cells A cell a) is The an OPEN cell is SYSTEM the basic unit of structure. - It define: can interact with its environment b) The cell is the basic unit of function define: c) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
21 -all cells must include the necessary organelles to provide the essential operations of life: digestion, synthesis, energy production
22 The 2 types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cell Have no defined nucleus or nuclear membrane ex. Bacteria
23 2. Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and nuclear membrane Ex. Plant/ Animal Cell
24
25
26 -cell membrane: semipermeable boundary of the cell, composed of proteins and fats, which allows particles of certain size to enter or leave the cell.
27 -protoplasm: protein and water "stuff" of the cell, or the living substance of the cell cytoplasm: protoplasm outside the cell nucleus -nucleoplasm: protoplasm inside the nuclear membrane
28 nucleus: large body found in eukaryotic cells which contains the chromosomes, or DNA which provide genetic information. nucleolus: found in the nucleus and responsible for production of ribosomes.
29 -endoplasmic reticulum: a series of channels from the nuclear membrane which allow transport of cell products. ribosomes: site of protein synthesis for use in protoplasm, membranes found on the rough ER.
30 -lysosome: site of protein digestion, where enzymes will attack and break down protein molecules absorbed from outside the cell *referred to as "the suicide sac".
31 -mitochondrion: site of cell energy production by converting high energy glucose molecules into useful energy forms (ATP) *referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell"
32 -vacuole: empty storage sac containing excess fluids and cell food
33 -golgi body: storage of newly made cell products used in production of cell membranes and enzymes
34 -chloroplast: contain the chlorophyll found in plant cells only
35 -cell wall: rigid cellulose structure on the outside of plant cells which provide the defined shape of plant cells.
36 Cell Membrane Smooth ER Chloroplast Rough ER Mitochondrion Cell Wall Nucleolus Lysosome Vacuole Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nuclear Membrane Golgi Body
37 Cell Membrane Smooth ER Chloroplast Rough ER Mitochondrion Cell Wall Nucleolus Lysosome Vacuole Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nuclear Membrane Golgi Body Ribosome
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