NEW RECORDS OF MARINE CERITHIID MICROGASTROPODS (PROSOBRANCHIA: CERITHIIDAE) FROM THAI WATERS

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1 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull 73: 1 5 (2016) NEW RECORDS OF MARINE CERITHIID MICROGASTROPODS (PROSOBRANCHIA: CERITHIIDAE) FROM THAI WATERS Sararat Tanamai 1 and Jaruwat Nabhitabhata 2 * 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90112, Thailand 2 Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90112, Thailand *Corresponding Author: jaruwat.n5@gmail.com, jaruwat.n@psu.ac.th ABSTRACT: Specimens of marine cerithiid microgastropod were collected in Thai Waters from the South China Sea (Gulf of Thailand) and the Indian Ocean (Andaman Sea). Two genera, comprising four species were recorded, including Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861, B. simplex (Jeffreys, 1867), Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861) and C. stigmosum Gould, All were recorded in Thai Waters and the Andaman Sea for the first time. The latter three species were new records for the Indian Ocean. Keywords: new records, marine microgastropods, Cerithiidae, Thai Waters INTRODUCTION Marine microgastropods are defined as small sized gastropods, with a shell size of less than five millimeter in length (Geiger et al., 2007). These gastropods are primary consumers and serve as prey in the marine food web (Poppe, 2008; Sasaki, 2008). Benthic microgastropods occur in several habitats, such as limestone walls; submarine caves; deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps; on various substrates such as undersides of half-buried boulders; submerged wood; and on invertebrate integuments. There are few studies on marine microgastropods compared to terrestrial species. Thai waters comprise the Gulf of Thailand in the South China Sea, which is an arm of the West Pacific Ocean and the Andaman Sea in the East Indian Ocean. This sub-region is a geographical transition zone of the two oceans. In Thailand, cerithiid marine microgastropods have been reported from several localities in the northern and eastern parts of the Gulf of Thailand (Chaiwathee et al., 2007; Robba et al., 2004; Sawatna et al., 2012; Swennen et al., 2001; Tanamai and Dumrongrojwattana, 2011) but not from the western and southern parts of the Gulf of Thailand or the Andaman Sea. The present study extends the formerly described range to these latter regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sand samples were collected from localities in seven provinces along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea during (Figure 1). The method followed Geiger et al., (2007) using a stainless-steel sampling box of cm in size (500 cm 3 sample). Three replicates of samples were collected at each locality. The collected samples were sieved through a 1.0 and 0.5 mm mesh. Specimens of cerithiid microgastropods were sorted from the sand under a stereo-microscope, cleaned and then air-dried. The morphometric terminology followed Houbrick (1992). Others definitions followed Hardy (2015), Houbrick (1992), Okutani (2000), Poppe (2008), Robba et al., (2004), Sasaki (2008), Swennen et al., (2001) and Trausel and Slieker (2015). Thai words used in the text are Haad (= Beach), Ko (= Island), Amphoe (= District), and Changwat (= Province). Specimens have been deposited in the Reference Collection of the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSUNHM).

2 2 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull Figure 1. Localities of materials (1 -Changwat Chon Buri, 2 -Changwat Chumphon, 3 -Changwat Surat Thani, 4 -Changwat Phang-nga, 5 -Changwat Phuket, 6 -Changwat Krabi, and 7 -Changwat Satun) RESULTS Two genera, with four species were recorded, comprising Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861, B. simplex (Jeffreys, 1867), Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861) and C. stigmosum Gould, Family Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1819 Genus Bittium Gray, 1847 Diagnosis: Shell fusiform to conical with numerous whorls. Shell sculpture; spiral cords with cross-over axial ribs, ornamented beads or nodes present. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture subcircular to ovate, outer lip expanded and round. Anterior siphonal canal short, anal canal small. Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861 Material examined: Five shells, sandy beach, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chumphon Campus, Changwat Chumphon, (PSUNHM ). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko Khai, Changwat Chumphon, (PSUNHM ). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, (PSUNHM ). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko Samui, Changwat Surat Thani, (PSUNHM ). One shell, rocky shore, Ko Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, , (PSUNHM ). Two shells, coral reef, sand bottom, Ko Pa Yan, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, (PSUNHM and PSUNHM ). Shell mm Distribution: Pandak Island, the Philippines, Boso Peninsula, Japan (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008) and Madagascar (WoRMS, 2015). Diagnosis: Shell; elongate conical, 7 8 whorls. Sculpture; 3 spiral cords, beaded, numerous crossover axial ribs, node present. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture; ovate, about one-quarter of shell length, outer lip expanded, smooth. Anterior siphonal canal short. Anal canal short. Shell colour light brown to dark brown.

3 3 New records of marine cerithiid microgastropods Remarks: This is the first record of B. glareosum from Thai Waters and from the Andaman Sea. The shell colour of the present specimens varied from dark to light brown. The absence of colour spots differs from the presence of these described in previous records. Bittium simplex (Jeffreys, 1867) Material examined: One shell, rocky shore, Ko Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, (PSUNHM ). Shell mm Distribution: Mediterranean Algeciras, Spain (Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1996) Diagnosis: Shell elongate, turreted, 7.5 whorls. Whorl scupture; three spiral cords, blotch on spiral cord, axial ribs, nodulose at cords and rib crossing small. Suture deep. Aperture ovate, about one-fifth of shell length. Siphonal canal short. Outer lip smooth, rounded. Shell colour white. Apex dark brown. Remarks: This is the first and only record of Bittium simplex in the Indo-Pacific Region (Indian Ocean) and Thai Waters (Andaman Sea). Genus Cerithium Bruguière, 1789 Diagnosis: Shell fusiform to ovate, whorls numerous. Shell sculpture; spiral cords with crossing axial ribs, nodes or beads present. Suture shallow to deeply impressed. Aperture ovate, outer lip expanded, anterior siphonal and anal canal distinct. Inner lip smooth or notched. Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861) Material examined: Two shells, rocky shore, Ko Si Chang, Changwat Chon Buri, (PSUNHM ). Three shells, sandy beach, Ko Khai, Changwat Chumphon, (PSUNHM ). Six shells, sandy beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, (PSUNHM ). Twenty shell, sandy beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, (PSUNHM ). Two shells, rocky shore, Ko Samui, Changwat Surat Thani, (PSUNHM ). One shells, sandy beach, Ko Pajumba, Surin Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, (PSUNHM ). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko Lanta Yai, Changwat Krabi, (PSUNHM ). Shell mm Distribution: Mactan Island, the Philippines and Amami Islands, Japan (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008). Diagnosis: Shell fusiform, elongate, 7.5 whorls, side straight. Sculpture; axial ribs, 3 spiral cord bands, nodes at crossings, nodes on last body whorl depressed. Suture strongly impressed. Aperture oblique, about one-third of shell length, outer lip expanded. Shell colour fine brown spot over white background. Remarks: A new record in the Indian Ocean and also in Thai waters. The size of the present specimens, mm, is small compared to 6 mm of the Japanese specimens. Cerithium stigmosum Gould, 1861 Material examined: Three shells, rocky shore, Ko Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, (PSUNHM , PSUNHM and PSUNHM ). Ten shells, rocky shore, Panwa Cape, Changwat Phuket, (PSUNHM ). Shell mm Distribution: Ogasawara, Amami Islands, and Okinawa Islands, Japan and Calituban Island, the Philippines (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008). Diagnosis: Shell small elongate, turreted, flat surfaced, 7.5 whorls. Sculpture; four spiral cords, 16 axial ribs, fine beads at crossing. Suture deep. Aperture ovate, about one-fifth of shell length. Siphonal canal short. Outer lip smooth, expanded. Shell colour dark brown on two last spiral cords over light brown background. Remarks: A new record from the Indian Ocean and Thai Waters.

4 4 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull Figure 2. Cerithiid marine microgastropods from Thai Waters. (Scale bars: 1 mm) DISCUSSION In the Indo-Pacific region, four genera and fourteen species of marine cerithiid microgastropods have been previously recorded (Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1996; Houbrick, 1980, 1992; Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008, Sawatna et al., 2012). The present study increases this number to fifteen. Eight species have been recorded only in the Pacific Ocean and six species have now been found in the Indian Ocean. B. simplex was only recorded in the Andaman Sea during this study. All four species, Bittium glareosum, B. simplex, Cerithium alutaceum, C. stigmosum, are the first records for Thai Waters and the Andaman Sea, with the last three species being found only in the Indian Ocean. The distribution range of B. simplex in Thai Waters (Andaman Sea) is surprising, since the only previous record for this species was the Mediterranean Sea. The reasons for its occurrence in the Andaman Sea might be simply due to the lack of studies in other regions. Another possible reason is the accidental introduction, i.e. through the transportation in the ballast water of cargo ships. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincere thanks to the Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiation of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Naval Special Warfare Command, Royal Thai Fleet, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, for their encouragement in this study. This work was also supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission. The first author is funded by the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission. The authors would like to thank staff of the Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Department of Biology, and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum of Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University for their assistance in laboratory work. We also would like to thank Sumaitt Putchakarn, Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana, Konson Hongpadharakiree, Koraon Wongkamhaeng, Kanika Sawatna and Ratchaneewarn Inmadon for their assistance in collecting samples. Also thanks to Brian Hodgson for assistance with the English.

5 5 New records of marine cerithiid microgastropods REFERENCES Chaiwathee, S., P. Dumrongrojwattana, S. Matchacheep, and C. Chalerrmwat Pre-list of some marine microsnails from Bangsaen beach, Chonburi province (Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Gastropoda). Proceedings of 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Science, January 30 February 2, 2007: Geiger, D.L., B. Marshall, W. Ponder, T. Sasaki and A. Warén Techniques for collecting, handling, and preparing small molluscan specimens. Molluscan Res. 27: Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., F.A. Pusateri and P.C. Ebreo Atlas of Mediterranean Seashells Vol. 2. (Caenogastropoda Parte 1: Discopoda-Heteropoda). La Conchiglia, Roma. 258 p. Hardy, E Recent Marine Gastropods. shtml. Access: June 11, Houbrick, R.S Review of the Deep-Sea Genus Argyropeza (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Cerithiidae). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 30 p. Houbrick,.R. S Monograph of the Genus Cerithium Bruguière in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae: Prosobranchia). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 211 p. Okutani, T Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo p. Poppe, G.T Philippine Marine Mollusks Vol. 1. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 769 p. Robba, E., I. Di Geronimo, N. Chaimanee, M.P. Negri and R. Sanfilippo Holocene and recent shallow soft-bottom mollusks from the Northern Gulf of Thailand area: Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, additions to Bivalvia. La Conchiglia 35, Supplementary 309: Sasaki, T Micromolluscs in Japan: taxonomic composition, habitats, and future topics. Zoosymposia 1: Sawatna, K., A. Champromarat, P. Dumrongrojwattana and B. Chiwapreecha Diversity of marine microsnails on Samaesarn Islands, Chonburi Province, Thailand. Proceedings of 50 th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Science, January 31-February 2, 2012: Swennen, C., R.G. Moolenbeek, N. Ruttanadakul, H. Hobbelink, H. Dekker and S. Hajisamae The Molluscs of the Southern Gulf of Thailand. The Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT), Bangkok. 210 p. Tanamai, S. and P. Dumrongrojwattana Microsnails on Si-Chang Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Proceedings of 49 th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Science, February 1 4, 2011: Trausel, J. and F. Slieker Cerithiidae Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Cerithiidae_nw/album/index.html. Access: June 11, WoRMS Bittium glareosum. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at on June 11, Manuscript received: 26 February 2015 Accepted: 21 July 2015

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PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL CENTER

NO. 73, 2016 PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL CENTER RESEARCH BULLETIN Published by PMBC Phuket, Thailand July 2016 EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Mr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong Editor Prof. Dr. Barbara E. Brown*