Biodiversity: Facts and figures (tables from the report)
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- Ilene Haynes
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1 Vascular plant * Country Number Australia 15,638 Brazil 56,215 China 8,200 Colombia 32,200 Congo, Democratic Republic 11,007 Costa Rica 12,119 Ecuador 19,362 India 18,664 Indonesia 29,375 Madagascar 9,505 Mexico 26,071 Peru 17,144 Source: World Resources Institute, Earth Trends (Ref 5) * A vascular plant is one whose tissues conduct fluids Bird dependent on tropical forests Region Number Latin America 1,300 Africa 400 Asia 900 Total 2,600 Source: World Resources Institute (Ref 5)
2 Hotspots at a glance Area Original hotspot area (sq km) Hotspot area today (sq km) Protected area (sq km) Total plant Total terrestrial vertebrate Endemic bird under threat Endemic mammal under threat Endemic amphibians under threat Extinct since 1500* Atlantic Forest 123,387 99,944 50,370 20,000 1, Brazilian Cerrado 2,031, , ,051 10,000 1, California Floristic Province Cape Floristic Region Caribbean Islands 293,804 73, ,715 3, ,555 15,711 10,859 9, ,549 22,955 29,605 13,000 1, Caucasus 532, ,818 42,721 6, Chilean Winter Rainfall Valdivian Forests Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa Guinean forests of West Africa 397, ,143 50,745 3, ,250 29,125 50,889 4,000 1, ,314 93, ,104 9,000 1, Indo-Burma 2,373, , ,758 13,500 2, Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Mediterranean Basin 600,461 60,046 18,482 13, ,085,292 98,009 90,242 22, Mesoamerica 1,130, , ,103 17,000 2,
3 Mountains of Southwest China 262,446 20,996 14,034 12, New Caledonia 18,972 5,122 4,192 3, New Zealand 270,197 59,443 74,260 2, Philippines 297,179 20,803 32,404 9, Polynesia and Micronesia Southwest Australia 47,239 10,015 2,436 5, , ,015 38,379 5, Succulent Karoo 102,691 29,780 2,567 6, Sundaland 1,501, , ,723 25,000 1, Tropical Andes 1,542, , ,871 30,000 2, Tumbes-Chocó- Magdalena 274,597 65,903 34,338 11,000 1, Wallacea 338,494 50,774 24,387 10,000 1, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka 189,611 43,611 26,130 5, Source: Conservation International (Ref 6) * Endemic of terrestrial vertebrate
4 Mass extinctions Extinction period Late Cambrian (~500 million years ago) Late Ordovician (440 million years ago) Late Devonian (~365 million years ago) End Permian (245 million years ago) Cretaceous- Tertiary (K-T) (65 million years ago) Cause and effects Changing sea levels Glaciation (ice age) Global cooling 96 per cent of marine and 75 per cent of terrestrial vertebrate families became extinct during this, the largest, mass extinction, which was caused by fluctuations in sea level and ocean salinity resulting from climate change Famed for the extinction of the dinosaurs and widely thought to have been caused by a meteor impact Source: BBC Education (Ref 12)
5 Species extinct (or extinct in the wild) Extinct Extinct in wild Total Vertebrates Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Subtotal Extinct Extinct in wild Total Invertebrates Insects Crustaceans Molluscs Others Subtotal Extinct Extinct in wild Total Plants Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Dicots Monocots 2 2 4
6 Subtotal Grand total Extinct Extinct in wild Total Source: Red List of Threatened Species 2009 (Ref 9)
7 Rate of extinctions in recent years Vertebrates described evaluated by 2010 in in 2007 in 2008 in 2009 in 2010 Number in 2010, as percentage of described Mammals 5,490 5,490 1,096 1,094 1,141 1,142 1,143 21% Birds 9,998 9,998 1,107 1,217 1,222 1,223 1,223 12% Reptiles 9,084 1, % Amphibians 6,433 6, ,808 1,905 1,895 1,895 29% Fishes 31,300 4, ,201 1,275 1,414 1,414 5% Subtotal 62,305 27,890 3,314 5,742 5,966 6,143 6,142 10% Invertebrates Insects 1,000,000 2, % Molluscs 850,000 2, ,036 1,037 1% Crustaceans 47,000 1, % Others 173, % Subtotal 1,305,250 7,881 1,891 1,928 1,932 1,959 1,992 34% Source: 2009 Red List of Threatened Species (Ref 9)
8 Area of agricultural land by region ( ) in sq km % change North America 5,175,730 4,789, South America 4,409,030 5,801, Europe 7,829,225 4,742, World 44,571,055 49,318, Eastern Africa 2,839,540 3,025, South Asia 3,088,590 3,101, South-East Asia 842,210 1,176, China 3,432,480 5,528, Source: International Institute for Environment and Development/World Resources Institute (Ref 15) Plant used as food by humans Human use/classification Plant Total described 250,000 Edible 30,000 Cultivated 7,000 Important on national scale 120 Making up 90% of world's calories 30 Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Ref 18)
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