Susquehanna River Basin A Research Community Hydrologic Observatory. NSF-Funded Infrastructure Proposal in Support of River Basin Hydrologic Sciences
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1 Susquehanna River Basin A Research Community Hydrologic Observatory NSF-Funded Infrastructure Proposal in Support of River Basin Hydrologic Sciences
2 Fundamental Problem: How Do Humans and Climate Impact the Sustainability of Water Resources in Large River Basins? Addressing this problem will require scientists to assess climate and terrestrial feedbacks across multiple scales and physiographic conditions to better define the roles that terrain, ecology, climate, and geology play in partitioning water, energy, and nutrients across the complex environmental systems that make up the river basin.
3 Context Hydrologic Regions Physiographic Regions
4 Advancing River Basin Science: As disciplinary scientists, we will need to reexamine our individual hypotheses to embrace phenomena and processes spanning multiple scales of time, space and process within and across the river basin.
5 Our goal is to improve the scientific basis for forecasting and prediction of water resources such that society can make better choices concerning the impacts of climate and anthropogenic change on local, regional and global water problems. As such, terrestrial hydrologic science will require a paradigmatic shift which embraces traditional disciplines but focuses on cross-disciplinary and cross-scale scientific inquiry.
6 Our approach is to design and implement an integrated observing system for water, energy and biogeochemical cycles across the river basin. Advances in river basin science cannot move forward without a more integrated observing system, where the atmosphere, vegetation, geochemical and hydrologic processes are all observed coherently from headwaters to estuary.
7 How to Move the Forward: Organize the Scientists Form the Science Hypotheses Plan the Writing & Support Teams Schedule Activities to Prepare NSF Proposal
8 Proposal Strategy: 1) A Network of Testbeds (Watersheds) 2) Cross-Cutting Science Themes
9 The Design Team : Given that the SRB Observatory is to be an NSFfunded infrastructure proposal, it is crucial that we inform, coordinate, and cooperate with a broad spectrum of scientists about what we are doing to advance river-basin science, and what it will mean to their research. CUAHSI WILL SUPPORT RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE!!
10 Appalachian Plateau (G) Young Womans Creek Valley & Ridge Shaver Creek Spring Creek Appalachian Plateau (U) Roberts Run Licks Run Valley & Ridge (Juniata, Raystown Lake) Proposed Testbeds Appalachian Plateau (G) Chemung River? Appalachian Plateau (G) Catatonk Creek Otsego Lake Valley & Ridge Mahontango Piedmont (K) Conestoga Creek Piedmont (C)???
11 The Hydrologic landscapes of the SRB
12 The Hydrologic landscapes of the SRB
13 Hydrologic Landscapes: Similarity Kernel
14 Conceptual Hydrologic Model: Susquehanna River
15 Potential Cross-Cutting Science Themes SRB Hydroscience Cyberinfrastructure Wired/Wireless Embedded Technology Predicting Climate Change & Basin Water Resources Wetlands, Ecohydrology, and Biogeochemical Processes Νitrogen Cycle Land Surface Hydrology/Remote Sensing Hydropedology and the Soil Landscape Fluvial Systems and Sediments Human Dimension & Policy: Sustainable Water Resources Detecting Hydrologic Change
16 Partners at this Stage SUNY Binghamton Cornell University Columbia University US Geological Survey NOAA, National Weather Service USDA, ARS Smithsonian (SERC) Syracuse University University of Maryland Penn State University Chesapeake Research Consortium Invitation to National & International Scientists..
17 USGS Gages
18 Observation Wells
19 Evaporation Transpiration Recharge Arrays (ETR)
20 Evaporation Transpiration Recharge Arrays
21 Design Objectives Design in association with NOAA & State Climatologists ETR Arrays to measure precipitation, evaporation and transpiration over the SRB & to provide quantitative estimates of forcing in space and time. Install and operate a network of ETR Arrays for surface and subsurface measurements to close the water balance. Implement a preliminary integrated surface-groundwater model of the SRB to design an optimal flow & nutrient observing system network. Design locations for ~13 state-of-the-art stream gages to USGS network
22 Data Development Activities Topography Digital elevation models 10 meter resolution (National Elevation Dataset) Streams Delineated from DEM USGS cross-sectional data correlated with Strahler stream order Channel elevation extracted from DEM Vegetation & Soil VEMAP: LAI and vegetation type Root and leaf dimensions, canopy resistance vegetation type STATSGO: soil type and data Manning s roughness grain size Reservoirs Only DA > 40,000 acre-feet (~ grid cell) Flow versus depth data from USDOI
23 Climate Temperate (controlled by polar front, prevailing westerlies & Atlantic) Orographic effects (P:35-45, ET:15-50 ) Drainage 71,410 km 2 Main channel: 714 km Headwaters: Finger lake uplift and Appalachian mountain and plateau Mouth: Chesapeake Bay, MD Physiography Appalachian plateau Ridge & Valley Piedmont and Coastal Plain Hydrogeologic Features Flat/folded sandstone and shale Carbonate valleys Igneous dikes, sills, and fractures
24 Detecting Hydrologic Change On seasonal to decadal time scales, soil moisture, subsurface fluxes influence the frequency and magnitude of floods and droughts. Climate variability and land use changes force a complex exchange of surface-subsurface fluxes across interfaces. The transport of contaminants is tightly coupled to the to the hydrologic problem defined above. Present observing systems are insufficient to establish impacts on or test hypotheses about subsurface response to climate variability and/or land use change. Necessary to develop the Conceptual Model for Soil/Hydrogeologic/Hydroclimatic
25 Interpretation: (preliminary, for discussion) The Neuse river responds dramatically to annual, interannual and decadal oscillatory modes in the hydroclimatic system. The strongest oscillatory modes are associated with the annual cycle and harmonics of the annual mode. There apparently is more than one annual mode, possibly due to the different storm types observed in the basin. The interannual time scale is ~ 4 yrs The decadal oscillation ~ 10 yrs
26 Why an Observatory? The multiple connections of streams, hillslopes and aquifers within a single drainage basin, and their complex mass and energy exchanges across the streamgroundwater and soil-moisture-groundwater interfaces are poorly understood. These complex exchanges of mass and energy are essential to evaluating the state of water resources, hydrochemical responses, ecological conditions, timing and magnitude of floods, droughts, landuse and climate change. The fundamental problem is that the existing climatesurface water-groundwater observation network is insufficient to support hydrologic science or the
27 Why an Observatory? Understanding the hydrologic cycle is critical to solving local to regional problems related to global climate change, biogeochemical cycling, ecosystem and landuse effects, and environmental management. A scientifically designed observing system will address linkages and feedbacks between the global-to-regional hydrologic cycle, the transport of mass and energy, and the evolution of landforms,ecology and landuse. The observatory will concentrate scientific expertise and infrastructure sufficient to test fundamental scientific hypotheses on process and prediction at each scale of interest.
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