Unit 1: Natural History Part 3 Pre Reading

Transcription

1 Unit 1: Natural History Part 3 Pre Reading Ned Tillman Slide 54 Here is an illustration of a Japan style Island Arc complex developing above an oceanic subduction zone.

2 Slide 55 Here is a mid-oceanic ridge spreading center causing the separation and spreading of North America away from Africa.

3 Slide 56 This shows westward subduction of the oceanic crust causing the formation of the proto- Appalachian mountain belt.

4 Slide 57 This shows the final collision of Africa with North America followed by a later spreading event that produces the current Atlantic Ocean.

5 Slide 58 This is a current cross section of eastern North America showing the deformed rocks of the Piedmont and the younger erosion sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

6 Slide 59 This shows details of the geology from the Piedmont across the Catoctin Mountains and into the Hagerstown Valley.

7 Slide 60 This is a detailed cross section of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

8 Slide 61 Geologic formations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

9 Slide 62 Geology of the Fall Line in the upper Bay area showing the siltation resulting from years of tobacco farming.

10 Slide 63 How old are the Appalachians? What rock types occur in Maryland? What natural resources come from Maryland? How old are the Appalachians? The original Appalachian Mountains are believed to have first formed 480 million years ago. From that time until the formation of Pangaea 225 million years ago there were a number of other mountain building plate collisions. Around 460 million years ago the Appalachians were likely the highest mountain range on Earth. What rock types occur in Maryland? All three of the major rock groups are found in Maryland. The Appalachian Plateau and the Valley and Ridge areas are mainly composed of folded layers of sedimentary rocks. The Piedmont has many examples of igneous rocks (example Ellicott City granite), some of volcanic origin as well as a great deal of metamorphic rocks (example Cockeysville marble). The Coast Plain was produced by the weathering and erosion of rock materials from the mountains to the west.

11 Slide 64 Past Six Months Earthquakes that occurred in Eastern United State in Jan 09. Some of largest earthquakes have been in Eastern US.

12 Slide 65 Annapolis aquifer (bottom left photo gray).

13 Slide 66 Gas 5-10 thousand feet down from organic matter buried there.

14 Slide 67 Oil and gas migrates into traps. Geothermal Gradient is about 1 degree per 100 ft on average.

15 Slide 68 We export a lot of coal.

16 Slide 69 Well Aquifer Reservoir River Ocean Rain Spring Bottles Where does your water come from?

17 Slide 70 A water pipeline carries water from the Susquehanna River to Baltimore.

18 Slide 71 Our Report Card The best way to determine how well we are taking care of our watershed is to look at the health of the rivers and the Chesapeake Bay downstream from where we live.

19 Slide 72 Morgan Heim There was a heavy algal bloom in the Chesapeake Bay in summer 2010.

20 Slide 73 Population Density in Maryland: Montgomery County: 1,760 Prince George s County: 1,652 Anne Arundel County: 1,177

21 Slide 74 We are trying to preserve forested areas and wetlands, but we are not doing enough for meadow habitats.

22 Slide 75 The Wildlife and Heritage Service Natural Heritage Program tracks the status of over 1,100 native plants and animals that are among the rarest in Maryland and most in need of conservation efforts as elements of our State's natural diversity. Of these species, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources officially recognizes 607 species and subspecies as endangered, threatened, in need of conservation, or endangered extirpated. Only 37, or 3% of the total tracked species, are listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as nationally endangered or threatened.

23 Slide 76 Benjamin Banneker, Charles Wilson Peale, Ellicott Brothers, 1770 s Matthew Henry, Rachel Carson, Abel Wolman, Watermen Jim Clark, Herman Daly Banneker Astronomer, surveyor, farmer, almanac writer. Peale had a great interest in natural history, and organized the first U.S. scientific expedition in These two major interests combined in his founding of what became the Philadelphia Museum, and was later renamed the Peale Museum. This museum is considered the first. It housed a diverse collection of botanical, biological, and archaeological specimens. Most notably, the museum contained a large variety of birds which Peale himself acquired, and it was the first to display North American mastodon bones (which in Peale's time were referred to as mammoth bones; these common names were amended by Georges Cuvier in 1800, and his proposed usage is that employed today). Ellicott Brothers improved farming practices with crop rotation and gypsum supplements. Matthew Alexander Henson (August 8, 1866 March 9, 1955) was an African American explorer and associate of Robert Peary during various expeditions, the most famous being a 1909 expedition which claimed to be the first to reach the Geographic North Pole.

24 Rachel Carson Mother of the Environment movement Book Silent Spring and DDT Abel Wolman (June 10, 1892 February 22, 1989) was an American inventor, scientist, professor and pioneer of modern sanitary engineering. His work in supplying clean water spanned eight decades. Watermen insisted that Baltimore put in a modern sewer system and stop contaminating the oysters. Jim Clark helped pass land preservation ordnances and set model for the US. Herman Daly is the father of Ecological Economics.