LANDFORM REGIONS IN CANADA. Classroom Notes and Descriptions
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1 LANDFORM REGIONS IN CANADA Classroom Notes and Descriptions
2 Landform Regions in Canada There are eight distinct landforms in Canada: Western Cordillera Region Interior Plains Canadian Shield Hudson Bay Lowlands Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands Appalachian Region Arctic Lowlands Innuitian Mountains
3 Western Cordillera Consists of 3 mountain ranges: Coast Columbia Rocky Composed of folded sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock Geologically young; About million years old.
4 Interior Plains Differential erosion has shaped the plains or prairies into 4 regions: Alberta Plain Saskatchewan Plain Manitoba Lowlands Mackenzie Lowlands Composed flat sedimentary rock Once an ancient sea coast Geologically old; About billion years old.
5 Canadian Shield The largest landform in Canada, it is also one of the oldest. Geologically stable (little change) Composed igneous and metamorphic rock Shaped by many periods of glaciation, scraping away rock to form lakes Bedrock is impervious to water Once a great mountain range, now eroded to present state Geologically very old; About 2.7 billion years old.
6 Hudson Bay Lowlands A small, flat region. Bordering on the shore of the Hudson Bay Composed of sedimentary rock on top of Canadian Shield rock Shaped by erosion, glaciation and sedimentation Very swampy (base of shield rock = poor water drainage) Spent a great deal of time covered by glaciers Geologically very young; About 10,000 years old (the end of the last period of glaciation).
7 Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Lowlands A small, hilly region. Defined by glaciation and the flow of water. Composed of sedimentary rock Shaped by erosion, glaciation and sedimentation Marked by lakes, rivers, ridges, escarpments, moraines and other landforms as a result of glaciation Niagara Escarpment Oakridges Moraine Geologically young; About 100 million years old, though different features formed at different times
8 The Appalachian Mountains An older, eroded mountain region formed during the continental collide that made Pangaea Composed primarily of sedimentary rock, but some igneous and metamorphic rock can also be found in places Once tall, jagged mountains are now gentle slopes, eroded by weathering over millions of years and glaciation Geologically old; About million years old
9 The Arctic Lowlands A series of low-lying islands with gentle rolling slopes Composed primarily of sedimentary rock Similar in elevation to the Mackenize Lowlands, with the addition of a rolling landscape and islands Once completely covered by glaciers Geologically young: About 2 million years old
10 The Innuitian Region (Arctic Cordillera) A series mountains in Canada s far north Composed primarily of igneous and metamorphic rock with some sedimentary bedrock Similar in to the Appalachians in composition, but younger, so erosion has not rounded these peaks Due to it s remote and extremely harsh location, less is known about this region than any other in Canada Geologically middle-aged: < 400 million years old
11 Fill in the Blanks! Canada is a diverse country with many landforms. Canada s landforms are divided into regions, each distinctly different in their own way. The is geologically young, only about years old. This means that the nation s most spectacular peeks are here. In fact, the is home to mountain ranges, the, and the. They are composed of and rock. These make other mountainous regions look small by comparison. The are more than four times older at years old, and have been eroded down to highlands, from the tall they once were. These were once connected with the mountains in the highlands of the United Kingdom, when they were formed in the that made. While we know a great deal about these two mountain ranges, we know much less about the (also known as the ). These are so far that it is difficult to study them and dangerous to go there (so is about them). These are both taller and than the, but are to them in composition. While we are not sure of their exact age, we estimate that they are younger than years old.
12 Fill in the Blanks! (Part 2) Unlike the Arctic Cordillera, the are relatively flat. They are a series of low-lying that have gentle rolling, mostly composed of. This region is geologically (about years old), and has been shaped by. Similar to the are the. They, like the Arctic have been shaped by glaciation and until about years ago, were covered by. This region is very swampy, due to poor drainage because of rock as it s base. This rock is not porous and does not let through easily. Another low-lying region in Canada is the. This narrow band stretches from southern Ontario to just east of Quebec City, Quebec. This region, like other, has been shaped by, as well as and. Unlike other lowlands in Canada, this region is marked by, rivers, and. Much of the rock here is and is geologically at about million years old.
13 Fill in the Blanks! (Part 3) The second last stop on our journey is the, a relatively flat part of the country which is responsible for most of Canada s grain production and more recently, has become well known for it s oil and gas production. This is because this region was once an ancient, where many creatures lived and died. Their remains are what make up the oil sands today. The region is subdivided into regions, the Alberta and, and the and Mackenzie. These regions are composed of flat,, which is estimated at about billion years old. Finally, we conclude with one of Canada s greatest landforms (though it s pretty hard to see), the. The is a massive and ancient that has been down to it s present state by and other forces (very little is visible from the air). Geologically speaking, it s very old, at about years old over half as old as the Earth itself! It s composed of and rock and has undergone very little change.
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