Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.
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1 Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.
2 Pangaea Alfred Wegener proposed that land on Earth formed a single, huge landmass. It was called Pangaea, A Greek name that means all lands. About 225 million years ago, the land on Earth was part of one supercontinent called Pangaea.
3 Evidence The pieces of Pangaea moved apart to form the seven continents. This is called continental drift. Evidence: Mountains from different continents matched up. Same Fossils and plants found on different continents. Glacier streak marks found on rocks in Africa, South America, and Australia. Same rock types. Continents fit like puzzle pieces. Wegener s idea was not accepted by everyone because it did not explain what caused the continents to move.
4 Mid-Ocean Ridges In the middle of the Atlantic ocean there are mountain ranges called mid-ocean ridges. The mountains are about 2.8 miles above the sea floor. The ridges are spilt in the middle by either a valley or by a rise.
5 Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.
6 Ch 9.2 & 9.3: Plate Tectonics Objective: Be able to identify 3 types of plate boundaries.
7 Tectonic Plates Earth s crust is broken into many plates. How the continents moved is explained by a theory called plate tectonics. Tectonics means construction or building. The movement of the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes. North American plate is moving at a rate of 1 to 10 cm a year to the west.
8 Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent (<- ->) plates are moving away from each other.
9 Divergent Boundary moving away (2 oceanic plates) Mid-ocean ridge will form Inside the ridge a valley forms called a rift valley Volcanoes & earthquakes both occur.
10 Divergent Boundary moving away (2 continental plates) Earthquakes and volcanic activity occur here.
11 Types of Plate Boundaries Convergent ( -> <- ) plates are moving towards each other.
12 Convergent Boundary moving towards (2 oceanic plates) Molten rock rises to the surface to form a chain of volcanic islands called an island arc
13 Convergent Boundary moving towards (oceanic & continental plates) Earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountains happen here. Where one plate moves under another plate is called the subduction zone. A deep ocean trench forms along the subduction zone.
14 Convergent Boundary moving towards (2 continental plates)
15 Types of Plate Boundaries Transform plates are sliding past each other.
16 Transform Boundary grind past each other Earthquakes only
17 San Andres Fault Earthquakes only
18 Ch 9.2 & 9.3: Plate Tectonics Objective: Be able to identify 3 types of plate boundaries.
19 Ch 9.4 and 9.5 Notes Be able to What is seafloor spreading? How does paleomagnetism support the theory of plate tectonics. Identify what a hot spot is.
20 Seafloor Spreading Sea-floor spreading describes the sea floor on either side of a midocean ridge as moving away from the ridge.
21 Seafloor Spreading & Ocean Drilling Seafloor spreading is a process that produces new oceanic crust. Youngest oceanic crust is at the ridge. Oldest oceanic crust is farthest away from the center, or closer to the continents.
22 As rocks cool the iron in then becomes magnetized in the direction of Earth s magnetic field. Paleomagnetism
23 Paleomagnetism Rocks that show the same magnetism as present magnetic field are described as having normal polarity. Rocks that are opposite have reversed polarity.
24 A rising plume of mantle melting the crust creates a hot spot or volcanic area. Hot Spots
25 Studying Seafloor Spreading on Land Answer questions on back of notes
26 1. What is the name of the landmass through which the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean passes?
27 2. How does the land of Iceland confirm seafloor spreading?
28 3. Why do you think geologists might find Iceland a useful place to carry on research on seafloor spreading?
29 Ch 9.4 and 9.5 Notes Be able to What is seafloor spreading? How does paleomagnetism support the theory of plate tectonics. Identify what a hot spot is.
In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea.
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