11/22/2010. Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits. Alluvial (fluvial) deposits. - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "11/22/2010. Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits. Alluvial (fluvial) deposits. - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay"

Transcription

1 Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits Alluvial (fluvial) deposits - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay - laid down by physical processes in rivers and flood plains - major sources for water supplies - quite heterogeneous K can vary 2-5 orders typically horizontal K > vertical K Sand Poorly sorted gravel, sand and silt Former hydro student Diana Sturm taking sediment samples from a dewatered alluvial aquifer Clay Braided-river environment More coarse-grained materials in sediments due to higher gradients Buried alluvial aquifer at Dayton, Ohio Excellent aquifers associated with buried channels and valleys Meandering-river environment Finer (silty and clayey) sediments more abundant Lower hydraulic conductivity 1

2 Facies models as a tool to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of aquifer materials Depositional model for braided river deposits Glacial deposits - Glacial tills and outwash - Tills form some of the most extensive shallow aquifers - Outwash, clean sands, sources for excellent aquifers Complex glacial stratigraphy in the Mesabi Iron Range, Minnesota. Sand and gravel and glaciofluvial sediments are potential aquifers (Winter, 1973). 2

3 Groundwater in Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone - 25% of sedimentary rock of the world is sandstone - major sources of potable water - often interbedded with shale (confining bed) Thin layers of light and dark coloured mudstone and sandstone Carbonate Rock - limestone and, to a less extent, dolomite are soluble in mildly acidic water - extremely irregular - secondary porosity and permeability important - tracer tests dye tracing is the primary means of field investigations 2 CaCO3 H 2O Ca HCO3 OH Groundwater flow in karst terrains - forming subsurface drainage systems - Darcy s law and flow equations for porous media may not be applicable 3

4 Karst Dissolution cavities Caves Sink holes Sinking streams Sinkholes Springs 4

5 Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks - Very low K, often considered impermeable boundaries for aquifers of unconsolidated deposits or sedimentary rocks - Flow occurs mostly in fractures; erratic, but can be significant source of water supplies Water between Gravels (porous aquifer) Water through fractures (fractured aquifer) Two approaches to study flow in fractured rocks (a) equivalent porous media, treating fractured rocks as equivalent to porous media; an averaging concept, applicable for large scale studies (b) fracture networks, considering flow along individual fractures; difficult to apply in the field, but may be required for small scale studies From: Phases of Groundwater Development Exploration Search for suitable aquifers Methods for exploration 1) surface geological 2) subsurface geological 3) surface geophysical 4) subsurface geophysical 5) monitoring wells and piezometers 6) remote sensing Evaluation Flow systems, aquifer parameters,... Exploitation Groundwater management 5

6 Groundwater Yield Well Yield Maximum pumping rate that can be supplied by a well without lowering the water level in the well below the pumping intake Aquifer Yield Maximum rate of withdrawal that can be sustained by an aquifer without causing an unacceptable decline in hydraulic head in the aquifer Basin Yield Maximum rate of withdrawal that can be sustained by the complete hydrogeologic system in a groundwater basin without causing unacceptable declines in hydraulic head in the system or causing changes to any other component of the hydrologic cycle in the basin. Safe Yield of A Groundwater Basin Definition Amount of water that can be withdrawn from the groundwater basin annually without producing undesirable results such as 1) depletion of the groundwater resources 2) intrusion of water of undesired quality 3) contravention of existing water rights 4) deterioration of the economic advantage of pumpingp Determination 1) It s incorrect to equate safe yield with annual groundwater recharge because major groundwater development may significantly change the recharge-discharge regime as a function of time 2) Use of numerical simulation Optimal Management of Groundwater Resources Choose a set of control or decision variables such as well locations and pumping schedules Maximize or minimize an objective function such as basin yield or total costs subject to a set of constraints such as h i > h min and C i < C* Used in conjunction with simulation models: the simulation-optimization approach Develop strategies for sustainability of groundwater resources (Alley et al., 1999) 6

Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, Geology of Groundwater Occurrence

Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, Geology of Groundwater Occurrence Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, 2001 Geology of Groundwater Occurrence Figure 8.42. Alluvial Valleys ground-water region. Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, 2001 Fetter, Applied

More information

Chapter 13. Groundwater

Chapter 13. Groundwater Chapter 13 Groundwater Introduction Groundwater is all subsurface water that completely fills the pores and other open spaces in rocks, sediments, and soil. Groundwater is responsible for forming beautiful

More information

Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties. Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University

Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties. Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University Charbeneau, 2000. Basin Hydrologic Cycle Global Water Supply Distribution 3% of earth s water is fresh - 97% oceans 1%

More information

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Reservoirs. Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Reservoirs. Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 13 Oceans Cover >70% of Surface Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Oceans are only 0.025% of Mass Groundwater Groundwater is liquid water that lies in the subsurface in fractures in rocks and

More information

Essentials of Geology, 11e

Essentials of Geology, 11e Essentials of Geology, 11e Groundwater Chapter 10 Instructor Jennifer Barson Spokane Falls Community College Geology 101 Stanley Hatfield Southwestern Illinois Co Jennifer Cole Northeastern University

More information

Groundwater Hydrology

Groundwater Hydrology EXERCISE 12 Groundwater Hydrology INTRODUCTION Groundwater is an important component of the hydrologic cycle. It feeds lakes, rivers, wetlands, and reservoirs; it supplies water for domestic, municipal,

More information

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 17 Oceans Cover >70% of Surface Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Vasey s Paradise, GCNP Oceans are only 0.025% of Mass Groundwater Groundwater is liquid water that lies in the subsurface in

More information

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS Delta A fan-shaped deposit that forms when a river flows into a quiet or large body of water, such as a lake, an ocean, or an inland sea. Alluvial Fan A sloping triangle

More information

Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111. Groundwater

Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111. Groundwater Page 1 of 8 Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111 Tulane University Physical Geology This page last updated on 20-Oct-2003 is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath

More information

Pre-Lab Reading Questions ES202

Pre-Lab Reading Questions ES202 ES202 The are designed to encourage students to read lab material prior to attending class during any given week. Reading the weekly lab prior to attending class will result in better grade performance

More information

' International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2 Groundwater Investigations. N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction. 2.

' International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2 Groundwater Investigations. N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction. 2. 2 Groundwater Investigations N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction Successful drainage depends largely on a proper diagnosis of the causes of the excess water. For this diagnosis, one must consider: climate,

More information

Mark S. Nordberg Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section North Central Region Office California Department of Water Resources

Mark S. Nordberg Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section North Central Region Office California Department of Water Resources Mark S. Nordberg Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section North Central Region Office California Department of Water Resources Ukiah Drought Workshop July 29, 2009 Groundwater 101 Groundwater is

More information

Groundwater Sensitivity Regions of Kentucky

Groundwater Sensitivity Regions of Kentucky Groundwater Sensitivity Regions of Kentucky by Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection Division of Water Groundwater Branch 1994 Interpreted by Joseph A. Ray James S. Webb Phillip W. O'dell Scale

More information

Chapter 14: Groundwater. Fig 14.5b

Chapter 14: Groundwater. Fig 14.5b Chapter 14: Groundwater Fig 14.5b OBJECTIVES Recognize that groundwater is a vital source of accessible freshwater. Describe how groundwater forms below the water table. Explain the origin of aquifers,

More information

Connecticut's Aquifers

Connecticut's Aquifers Page 1 of 5 DEP Search: Connecticut's Aquifers The technical definition of the word "aquifer" is: any geologic formation capable of yielding significant quantities of water to wells. By that definition,

More information

Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview

Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview 2012 Soil and Water Conservation Society Conference Stevens Point, WI Feb 9, 2012 Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview Ken Bradbury Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey University of Wisconsin-Extension

More information

Chapter 14. Groundwater

Chapter 14. Groundwater Chapter 14 Groundwater Importance of groundwater! Groundwater is water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow fractures in bedrock! Groundwater is the largest reservoir of fresh water that

More information

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs On a piece of paper, put these reservoirs of water in to order from largest to

More information

Why Study Groundwater?

Why Study Groundwater? Groundwater Water filling open spaces in rock, sediment, and soil beneath the surface is called groundwater. This natural resource is as important to human endeavors as surface water. Groundwater is an

More information

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs Distribution of water in

More information

Dr. N.W. B. Balasooriya

Dr. N.W. B. Balasooriya ESM 31031 HYDROGEOLOGY Dr. N.W. B. Balasooriya 1 1 Hydrogeology Hydrogeology is defined as the science which treats the occurrence, distribution and movement of water below the Earth surface. 2 Groundwater

More information

Michigan s Geology and Groundwater

Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Ralph J. Haefner Deputy Director U.S. Geological Survey Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center Lansing, Michigan Outline About the USGS Geology 101 Michigan s geology Bedrock

More information

Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment

Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary

More information

the Quarrying Industry Dewatering and the Quarrying Industry the Quarrying Industry

the Quarrying Industry Dewatering and the Quarrying Industry the Quarrying Industry Dewatering and the Quarrying Industry Dewatering and Dewatering and the Quarrying Industry the Quarrying Industry Les Brown Eugene P. Daly John Kelly Objectives 1) To present a summary of water management

More information

DATA ACQUISITION METHODS FOR GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION AND THE SITING OF WATER SUPPLY WELLS

DATA ACQUISITION METHODS FOR GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION AND THE SITING OF WATER SUPPLY WELLS DATA ACQUISITION METHODS FOR GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION AND THE SITING OF WATER SUPPLY WELLS M.B.J. Foster Tetra Tech EM Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA Keywords: Groundwater, water wells, drilled wells, geophysical

More information

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND Objectives Define and describe the hydrologic cycle. Identify the basic characteristics of streams. Define drainage basin. Describe how floods occur and what factors may make

More information

Geology 101, Spring 2008

Geology 101, Spring 2008 Geology 101, Spring 2008 Name(s): Lab 10: Groundwater and resource extraction Groundwater As many parts of the world are becoming increasingly aware, groundwater is an economic resource, as strategic and

More information

Florida s Karst Geology

Florida s Karst Geology Florida s Karst Geology Orange Creek Basin Interagency Working Group Public Workshop, November 5 th, 2015 Harley Means, P.G. Assistant State Geologist Florida Geological Survey Karst Karst a type of topography

More information

EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69

EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69 EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages 124-133 Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69 Base Level Resistant bed Resistant bed creates a local base level

More information

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each) Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

More information

Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Hanoi, Vietnam

Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Hanoi, Vietnam Land Subsidence (Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Land Subsidence, The Hague, October 1995). 1AHS Publ. no. 234, 1995. 55 Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Hanoi, Vietnam

More information

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky Objectives of Today s Lecture Refresher on Sedimentary Depositional Systems and Rock Classifications Transgressive and Regressive Marine Environments Carbonate Depositional

More information

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10)

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) 1. What is the distinction between weathering, mass wasting, and erosion? 2. What is the controlling force in mass wasting? What force provides resistance?

More information

Hydraulic properties of porous media

Hydraulic properties of porous media PART 5 Hydraulic properties of porous media Porosity Definition: Void space: n V void /V total total porosity e V void /V solid Primary porosity - between grains Secondary porosity - fracture or solution

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

GEOL Introductory Geology: Exploring Planet Earth Fall 2010 Test #2 October 18, 2010

GEOL Introductory Geology: Exploring Planet Earth Fall 2010 Test #2 October 18, 2010 GEOL 101 - Introductory Geology: Exploring Planet Earth Fall 2010 Test #2 October 18, 2010 Name KEY ID# KEY Multiple choice questions (2 points each). 1. What type of metamorphic rock is formed over large

More information

1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns. Local Flow System. Intermediate Flow System

1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns. Local Flow System. Intermediate Flow System 1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns c Local Flow System 10,000 feet Intermediate Flow System Regional Flow System 20,000 feet Hydrologic section

More information

Groundwater. Earth Chapter 17

Groundwater. Earth Chapter 17 Groundwater Earth Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Groundwater Importance of Groundwater Groundwater is water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow fractures in bedrock Groundwater and the Hydrosphere

More information

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle 6.1 Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth s water supply is the water cycle. The Water Cycle

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Running Water and Groundwater Running Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This

More information

AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia. A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater

AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia. A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater Toby J. Kessler, P.G. Hydrogeologist Trevor G. Woodward, P.G. Engineering Geologist September 10, 2014 Gilmore & Associates,

More information

Groundwater Resources of Missouri. Cynthia Brookshire, R. G.

Groundwater Resources of Missouri. Cynthia Brookshire, R. G. Groundwater Resources of Missouri Cynthia Brookshire, R. G. GROUNDWATER... Water beneath the Earth s surface within a zone of saturation AQUIFER... A geologic formation or group of formations that are

More information

URBAN HYDROLOGY: WATER IN THE CITY OF TSHWANE Plant Sciences Auditorium, University of Pretoria January 2014 URBAN HYDROGEOLOGY

URBAN HYDROLOGY: WATER IN THE CITY OF TSHWANE Plant Sciences Auditorium, University of Pretoria January 2014 URBAN HYDROGEOLOGY URBAN HYDROLOGY: WATER IN THE CITY OF TSHWANE Plant Sciences Auditorium, University of Pretoria 23 24 January 2014 URBAN HYDROGEOLOGY MATTHYS A. DIPPENAAR DEPARTMENT GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA HYDROGEOLOGY

More information

elevationgain # lateral distan ce&

elevationgain # lateral distan ce& Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 9: Streams and floods Geomorphology is the study of the way in which the environment is continually reshaping the Puget Sound (and the world's) landscape. Running water is a major

More information

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GROUND-WATER OCCURANCE AND FLOW

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GROUND-WATER OCCURANCE AND FLOW BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GROUND-WATER OCCURANCE AND FLOW GWPC Annual Forum Sept. 27-30, 2015 Oklahoma City, OK Mike Wireman Water well Rural Romania Water well Castle in Austria 1 ??? 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF

More information

Example Quiz on Earthquakes

Example Quiz on Earthquakes Example Quizzes, Tests, and Review Information A Example Quiz on Earthquakes Quizzes such as this one are given at the beginning of each lab. 1. The point beneath the Earth s surface at which an earthquake

More information

2 Geology of groundwater

2 Geology of groundwater 2 Geology of groundwater As we ve already discussed, aquifers can be divided into two main types depending on their host materials. Unconsolidated sediments overly bedrock in many areas, and can be very

More information

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS Earth Science: Chapter 5 Reading pages 114-124 The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling up Evaporation = precipitation System is balanced Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle Earth s Water

More information

Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle W. Lee Daniels Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech Table of Contents Introduction... 23 Soils and landscapes of the

More information

GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology

GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology NAME Part I: Continental Glaciation Continental glaciers are large ice sheets that cover substantial portions of the land area. In the region of accumulation

More information

FORENSIC GEOLOGY A CIVIL ACTION

FORENSIC GEOLOGY A CIVIL ACTION NAME 89.215 - FORENSIC GEOLOGY A CIVIL ACTION I. Introduction In 1982 a lawsuit was filed on behalf of eight Woburn families by Jan Schlictmann. The suit alleged that serious health effects (childhood

More information

Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures

Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the

More information

Evaluation of Subsurface Formation of Pabna District, Bangladesh

Evaluation of Subsurface Formation of Pabna District, Bangladesh IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 1, Issue 4 (Sep. Oct. 2013), PP 30-36 Evaluation of Subsurface Formation of Pabna District, Bangladesh

More information

Lab 9: Petroleum and groundwater

Lab 9: Petroleum and groundwater Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 9: Petroleum and groundwater Petroleum (oil) is a multi-component liquid refined to generate different hydrocarbons, such as heptane (a component of gasoline) and waxes. For the

More information

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. Martina Müller Claudia Dengler Felix Leicht

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. Martina Müller Claudia Dengler Felix Leicht The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System Martina Müller Claudia Dengler Felix Leicht Geography Transboundary groundwater system beneath the north-eastern Sahara total extension of over 2.2 Mio km² Shared between

More information

Impact of the Danube River on the groundwater dynamics in the Kozloduy Lowland

Impact of the Danube River on the groundwater dynamics in the Kozloduy Lowland GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 46 (2), Sofia, Nov. 2017, pp. 33 39. Impact of the Danube River on the groundwater dynamics in the Kozloduy Lowland Peter Gerginov Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,

More information

Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin. Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department

Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin. Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department WI Bedrock Outline Karst Landscapes Existing WQ Data Flow in Karst Aquifers Overview of Silurian Aquifer Water Level

More information

How to Identify and Properly Classify Drill Cuttings

How to Identify and Properly Classify Drill Cuttings How to Identify and Properly Classify Drill Cuttings (Creating Useful Borehole Logs) Dave Larson Hydrogeology and Geophysics Section Accurate information about the borehole location and a careful description

More information

Lecture 15: Subsidence

Lecture 15: Subsidence Lecture 15: Subsidence Key Questions 1. How does removal of groundwater cause subsidence on a regional scale? 2. Under what conditions does a building sink into sediment? 3. Why do clays consolidate more

More information

Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium. GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite. Groundwater, Karst, and Caves

Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium. GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite. Groundwater, Karst, and Caves GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite The Rock Organ Organ Cave, Greenbrier Co., WV Groundwater, Karst, and Caves Soil & Ground Water Distribution Eastern USA Soil Moisture Belt Unsaturated (Aeration) Zone

More information

Karst Topography In order to understand karst topography we must first have a basic understanding of the water cycle, the formation of limestone (carb

Karst Topography In order to understand karst topography we must first have a basic understanding of the water cycle, the formation of limestone (carb Karst Topography The formation of caves and other associated features in limestone bedrock is called karst topography. Limestone, a sedimentary rock made mostly of the mineral calcite and small amounts

More information

Groundwater and Geology

Groundwater and Geology Groundwater and Geology This week Sediments Unconsolidated clastic sediments Semi- consolidated sediments Lithified sediments Sandstones Carbonates Igneous & Metamorphic Rocks Extrusives Intrusives Metamorphic

More information

Inverting hydraulic heads in an alluvial aquifer constrained with ERT data through MPS and PPM: a case study

Inverting hydraulic heads in an alluvial aquifer constrained with ERT data through MPS and PPM: a case study Inverting hydraulic heads in an alluvial aquifer constrained with ERT data through MPS and PPM: a case study Hermans T. 1, Scheidt C. 2, Caers J. 2, Nguyen F. 1 1 University of Liege, Applied Geophysics

More information

Review Questions for Final Exam ONLY Chapters 7, 8, 17, 18

Review Questions for Final Exam ONLY Chapters 7, 8, 17, 18 Review Questions for Final Exam ONLY Chapters 7, 8, 17, 18 REFER TO OTHER POSTED REVIEWS FOR OTHER CHAPTERS 1. The line formed by the intersection of an inclined sedimentary layer and a horizontal plane

More information

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams Streams Why study streams? Running water is the most important geologic agent in erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments. Water The unique physical and chemical properties of water make it

More information

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL IN SOUTH NYÍRSÉG

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL IN SOUTH NYÍRSÉG PhD thesis ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL IN SOUTH NYÍRSÉG János Szanyi Szeged, 2004 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL IN SOUTH NYÍRSÉG Preliminaries, the aims of the dissertation

More information

NC Earth Science Essential Standards

NC Earth Science Essential Standards NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.

More information

Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock

Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Weathering and Erosion Wherever rock is exposed at Earth s surface, it is continuously being broken down by weathering a set of physical and chemical processes

More information

Class Notes: Surface Processes

Class Notes: Surface Processes Name: Date: Period: Surface Processes The Physical Setting: Earth Science Class Notes: Surface Processes I. Weathering and Soils Weathering -! Sediments -! Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to:

More information

GeoCanada 2010 Working with the Earth

GeoCanada 2010 Working with the Earth Lithofacies Identification and the Implications for SAGD Well Planning in the McMurray Formation, Christina Lake Area, Alberta Travis Shackleton*, Robert Gardner, Sung Youn, Grace Eng and Lori Barth Cenovus

More information

Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no

Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no 1 Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no horizontal motion is involved. It may take the form of

More information

Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs. LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes

Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs. LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes Geo 302D: Age of Dinosaurs LAB 2: Sedimentary rocks and processes Last week we covered the basic types of rocks and the rock cycle. This lab concentrates on sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks have special

More information

Final Exam. Running Water Erosion and Deposition. Willamette Discharge. Running Water

Final Exam. Running Water Erosion and Deposition. Willamette Discharge. Running Water Final Exam Running Water Erosion and Deposition Earth Science Chapter 5 Pages 120-135 Scheduled for 8 AM, March 21, 2006 Bring A scantron form A calculator Your 3 x 5 paper card of formulas Review questions

More information

IPMO2-1. Groundwater Modelling of Chiang Rai Basin, Northern Thailand. Sattaya Intanum* Dr.Schradh Saenton**

IPMO2-1. Groundwater Modelling of Chiang Rai Basin, Northern Thailand. Sattaya Intanum* Dr.Schradh Saenton** IPMO2-1 Groundwater Modelling of Chiang Rai Basin, Northern Thailand Sattaya Intanum* Dr.Schradh Saenton** ABSTRACT Chiang Rai basin, situated in Chiang Rai and Phayao provinces covering an area of 11,000

More information

Evolution of the conceptual hydrogeologic and ground-water flow model for Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada

Evolution of the conceptual hydrogeologic and ground-water flow model for Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada Evolution of the conceptual hydrogeologic and ground-water flow model for Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada Geological Society of America Annual Meeting November 14, 2 David J. Donovan Southern Nevada

More information

Geology 229 Engineering Geology. Lecture 6. Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5)

Geology 229 Engineering Geology. Lecture 6. Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5) Geology 229 Engineering Geology Lecture 6 Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5) Outline of this Lecture 1. Rock types and rock cycle 2. Geological and engineering

More information

1 HYDROGEOLOGY AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS

1 HYDROGEOLOGY AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS 1 HYDROGEOLOGY AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS 1.1 DEFINITIONS Groundwater is one of the smallest components of the hydrosphere. Groundwater flow and the inherent hydrochemical processes belong to the hydrological

More information

Geology and hydrology of Tuaran

Geology and hydrology of Tuaran Allnllal Geological Conference '96 ~~~~~ Jllne 8-9,1996, [(ota [(illaballl, Sabah Geology and hydrology of Tuaran MAJEED M. FAISAL, SHARIFF A.K. OMANG AND SANUDIN HJ. TAHIR University Malaysia Sabah Km

More information

UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS UNIT 4 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS WHAT ARE SEDIMENTS Sediments are loose Earth materials (unconsolidated materials) such as sand which are transported by the action of water, wind, glacial ice and gravity. These

More information

Groundwater Sustainability at Wadi Al Bih Dam, Ras El Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Geophysical methods

Groundwater Sustainability at Wadi Al Bih Dam, Ras El Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Geophysical methods Groundwater Sustainability at Wadi Al Bih Dam, Ras El Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Geophysical methods Ahmed Murad, Amir Gabr, Saber Mahmoud, Hasan Arman & Abdulla Al Dhuhoori Geology Department

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 14: Sedimentary Rocks Part 2: Alluvial Fans and Rivers Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) Types of Sediment 2) Sedimentary Rock

More information

EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND

EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND KEY A. ALL THE WORLD S WATER 1. The world has an estimated one and one third thousand million cubic kilometers of water. 2. The earth s water is

More information

Depositional Environment

Depositional Environment Depositional Environment Sedimentary depositional environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment. Types

More information

PRECAMBRIAN CRYSTALLINE AQUIFER (METAMORPHIC ROCKS)

PRECAMBRIAN CRYSTALLINE AQUIFER (METAMORPHIC ROCKS) HAYWARD QUADRANGLE: Groundwater Production by Aquifer In the 56-square-mile area of the Hayward Quadrangle, groundwater is produced from metamorphic crystalline rocks of the Precambrian basement (in the

More information

David de Courcy-Bower and Samuel Mohr

David de Courcy-Bower and Samuel Mohr Applicability and Limitations of LNAPL Transmissivity as a Metric within Bedrock Formations Insert then choose Picture select your picture. Right click your picture and Send to back. David de Courcy-Bower

More information

Chapter 5. The Sedimentary Archives

Chapter 5. The Sedimentary Archives Chapter 5 The Sedimentary Archives Factors affecting Sedimentary Characteristics 1. Tectonic setting 2. Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the depositional environment 3. Method of sediment

More information

Surface Water and Stream Development

Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak

More information

Weathering Notes. When the mineral composition of the rock is changed

Weathering Notes. When the mineral composition of the rock is changed Weathering Notes Weathering Weathering is the breaking down on rocks into smaller pieces Two types of weathering o Physical (mechanical) When the mineral composition of the rock isn t changed Ex: Smashing

More information

Sand. Sand is any eroded material (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary) that has a grain size from 1/16 th to 2 millimeters in size.

Sand. Sand is any eroded material (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary) that has a grain size from 1/16 th to 2 millimeters in size. Sedimentology 001 What is sedimentology? Sedimentology...encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand [1], mud (silt) [2] andclay [3] and understanding the processes that deposit them.[4] It

More information

Subsurface Geology of the Kennebec River

Subsurface Geology of the Kennebec River Maine Geologic Facts and Localities July, 1998 Subsurface Geology of the Kennebec River 43 54 40.75 N, 69 48 29.01 W Text by Daniel B. Locke, Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry 1 Map by

More information

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Quiz 2 scheduled for Friday Feb 23 (Interlude B, Chapters 6,7) Questions? Chapter 6 Pages of the Past: Sedimentary Rocks Key Points for today Be

More information

Groundwater Sequence Stratigraphy:

Groundwater Sequence Stratigraphy: Groundwater Sequence Stratigraphy: A Geology-based Approach for Developing Accurate and Representative Hydrogeologic Conceptual Models for Successful Groundwater Sustainability Plans Rick Cramer, Burns

More information

Groundwater Monitoring & Aggregate Operations in the Villeneuve-Calahoo Area. William Gowdy, BSc. P.Geo

Groundwater Monitoring & Aggregate Operations in the Villeneuve-Calahoo Area. William Gowdy, BSc. P.Geo Groundwater Monitoring & Aggregate Operations in the Villeneuve-Calahoo Area William Gowdy, BSc. P.Geo Format of Talk General Background Sand and Gravel Geology & Formation of Sand and Gravel Deposits

More information

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Movement and Storage of Groundwater

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Movement and Storage of Groundwater Groundwater SECTION 10.1 Movement and Storage of Groundwater In your textbook, read about the hydrosphere, precipitation and groundwater, and groundwater storage. Use the following terms to complete the

More information

RATE OF FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA

RATE OF FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA RATE OF FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA Submitted by Xu Ming Xin Kiong Min Yi Kimberly Yip Juen Chen Nicole A project presented to the Singapore Mathematical Society Essay Competition 2013 1 Abstract Fluid

More information

Enhanced Characterization of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Using Surface Geophysical Methods

Enhanced Characterization of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Using Surface Geophysical Methods Photo by Shane Stocks, U.S. Geological Survey Enhanced Characterization of the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Using Surface Geophysical Methods Presented by Ryan F. Adams US Geological Survey

More information

TAMPA BAY TRIBUTARIES BASIN. Hydrogeological Setting

TAMPA BAY TRIBUTARIES BASIN. Hydrogeological Setting TAMPA BAY TRIBUTARIES BASIN Hydrogeological Setting Aquifers within the Tampa Bay Tributaries Basins ground water flow system include the Floridan aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the

More information

Geotechnical Aspects of the Ohio River Bridges Project

Geotechnical Aspects of the Ohio River Bridges Project Geotechnical Aspects of the Ohio River Bridges Project Mark A. Litkenhus, PE Sr. Geotechnical Engineer Stephen H. Bickel, PE Sr. Geotechnical Engineer STGEC Ohio River Bridges at Louisville Geotechnical

More information

Differentiation of chloride source using stable chlorine isotopes

Differentiation of chloride source using stable chlorine isotopes Differentiation of chloride source using stable chlorine isotopes RemTech 2009 Banff, Alberta October 14-16 2009 Dr. Alec Blyth and Tom Anthony 1 1 currently City of Calgary Background: DOW Chemical Canada

More information

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information