Chapter 6 (pp ) Biology in the Present: Other Primates
|
|
- Jean Mosley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 6 (pp ) Biology in the Present: Other Primates
2 Overview Primatologists are: Scientists who study the evolution, anatomy, and behavior of nonhuman primates. Those who study behavior in free-ranging animals are usually trained as physical anthropologists. The three most famous are Jane Goodall (chimpanzees), Dian Fossey (mountain gorillas), and Biruté Galdikas (orangutans) -- all protégés of Louis Leakey (famous paleoanthropologist) The primates: There are approximately 230 species of nonhuman primates (lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys and apes). Each species has come to possess unique qualities for a particular habitat and lifestyle. Contemporary primates (including humans) aren t necessarily a representation of the final stage of a lineage. Living primates are not better than their evolutionary predecessors or other living species. Each possesses unique qualities that make it better suited to a particular habitat and lifestyle Let s start with a short, but profound observation: We are primates. Primates today are as evolved as we are. It is important, too, to recognize that our close resemblance to many primates is not a coincidence. Instead, we are so similar to them because we are related to them. We did not come from them; instead, we share a recent common ancestor with the other primates. More specifically, we share a very recent common ancestor with the African apes, a more distance ancestor with the monkeys, and an even more distant ancestor with the prosimians.
3 Primates are Mammals It is first necessary to understand the basic characteristics of these larger taxonomic groups Kingdom is the most inclusive taxonomic category. All living organisms can be places into one of five kingdoms: plants, animals, fungi, nucleated single-celled organisms, and bacteria. Humans belong to the animal kingdom. Humans belong to the phylum Chordata (animals with a spinal chord, called a notochord). Humans belong to the subphylum Vertebrata (the vertebrates, animals with backbones). One characteristic of vertebrates is bilateral symmetry -- left and right body sides are mirror images. Temperature regulation Modern mammals are homeotherms (capable of maintaining a constant body temperature under most circumstances). They are covered with fur or hair that insulates the body preventing heat loss in cold weather and reducing overheating in hot weather. Mammals also maintain a constant body temperature by ingesting large quantities of food, converting it to energy in the form of heat. Mammals are capable of exploiting a large number of environments. Humans have gone beyond basic temperature-regulating abilities through various technologies. Source: Wikicommons
4 What Is a Primate? 1 Humans are primates. But, what are primates? Primates are a group of closely related mammals that live in the tropics. 1. Primates are arboreally adapted mammals; that is, they possess many behaviors and anatomies that help them live a life in the trees. 2. Primates also display remarkable dietary plasticity, eating a wide variety of foods ranging from grasses and leaves, to other animals. 3. Finally, among the mammals, primates engage in the highest amount of parental investment, spending considerable time and energy in the few offspring that they have. Let s look in more detail at these characteristics and the adaptations that help primates survive. Skeletal structure Primates have a generalized skeletal structure, and have very mobile joints, They have mobile shoulders and elbows, and have quite dexterous hands and feet. These traits allow them to navigate through the trees, at times in acrobatic ways. Hands and feet with a high level of prehensibility (ability to grasp); not all primates have highly efficient opposable thumbs. An important primate character is the opposable thumb, which means that the thumb can touch the tips of the other fingers. This anatomy allows primates to grasp small objects, like thin branches, or insects. 1. With our long, robust thumb, humans have the greatest opposability, and this has allowed humans to possess both a power grip, like our ability to grasp and wield a hammer. 2. Also a precision grip, which allows us to pick up fine objects, like a coin. Another feature of primate hands is their expanded tactile pads (the ball of your thumb) and not claws
5 What Is a Primate? 2 Vision Nocturnal (night-active) primates are more likely to rely more on the sense of smell (olfactory sense) than diurnal (day-active) primates, which rely more on the sense of vision. Color vision is a characteristic of all diurnal primates. The nocturnal owl monkey only sees monochromatically. In between these extremes, color vision is variable. Depth perception (stereoscopic vision) allows primates to see 3-D. Several mechanisms help this to happen: Binocular vision (two eyes in front that have overlapping visual fields) Visual information is transmitted to both sides of the brain (60 opposite side of brain-40% on same side). 3-D images are produced by specialized structures in the brain. Decreased olfaction Compared to other mammals, primates tend to have reduced olfactory (smelling) abilities. Even within primates, the anthropoids (monkeys and apes) have further reduced their reliance on the sense of smell. Prosimian primates, like lemurs, retain a rhinarium (the wet nose that most mammals, like dogs, have). 1. Center your nose over the eye 2. Focus your eyes on the eye. 3. Put your free thumb in front of your nose. 4. Continue to focus on the eye. If both eyes are on, you will see two thumbs framing one eye. 5. Now, switch your focus to your thumb. You should see two eyes framing one thumb. Source: The framing game
6 What Is a Primate? 3 Teeth Many mammal species have evolved quite specialized teeth. Primates, however, have retained the primitive mouth Mammals have different types of teeth in their jaws. Teeth are generalized because primates are omnivorous. Lack of dietary specialization, means most are omnivorous. Terms: Omnivore (means all eating ); carnivores (including insectivores); herbivores (which include frugivores (fruit-eaters) and foliovores (leaf-eaters). We will spend some more time on teeth. The reason for this detailed look at teeth is twofold. 1. One way to describe the heterodont pattern of primates is by the dental formula. This is the number of each kind of teeth on the upper mouth (one side) with the number of each kind of teeth on the lower mouth (one side) They are heterodontic. Mammals have four different types of teeth: incisors (chisel-shaped front teeth for cutting, slicing, and gnawing), canines (teeth behind the incisors for puncturing and defense), premolars (back teeth used for crushing and grinding food), and molars (teeth furthest back, also for crushing and grinding). Dental formula is largely consistent with that of other mammals Not all primates have the human dental formula Notice the gap for the New World monkeys? That is called a diastema and is so the upper canine can fit in many primates).
7 What is a Primate? 4 Teeth (continued) 2. Teeth are some of the hardest objects in the body, and, therefore, they preserve very well in the fossil record. Much of what we know about fossil primates is from their preserved teeth. One way is to look at the shape of the tooth itself. Monkeys have four high ridges on their teeth two in the front and two in the back producing what is called a bilophodont pattern. But, apes do not. Apes have five low cusps that form a pattern that looks like the letter Y. This is called a Y-5 pattern and helps us identify ape teeth. Notice the Y-5 pattern drawn out on the (from left to right) gibbon, chimpanzee, and orangutan teeth. If you look in a mirror, you ll see the Y-5 pattern on your lower molars, as well. Additionally, while most monkeys and apes have flat, vertically oriented incisors, many prosimians have combined their lower incisors into a scraper-like structure called a tooth comb, shown here at the bottom. A tooth comb helps these little primates extract sap from tree bark.
8 What Is a Primate? 5 Parental investment Reproduction is central to evolution. And it is useful, in terms of behavior, to examine the costs and benefits associated with reproduction Life history theory deals with characteristics of an organism s life cycle and how they affect quantity and quality of reproduction. Age at reproduction, gestation length, interval between births, and overall life span are some considered characteristics. Energy allocation is a central concept of life history. Focus is on the tradeoff between energy needs of the number of offspring and their fitness. Some animal species have fast and slow life histories. Fast life histories are those where individuals reach maturity early and have large numbers of offspring. This is often called a r-selected species Slow life histories are those where maturity is delayed until later in the lifespan and the number of offspring is lower. This is often called a K-selected species Primates generally have slow life histories; are K-selected Basically this strategy requires: More efficient fetal nourishment; longer periods of gestation; reduced number of offspring; delayed maturation; extension of life span and less widely distributed to reduce loss of offspring in novel environments.
9 Classifying Primates 1 Primates, like all other animals, can be clustered into closely related nested hierarchies. These hierarchies are shown in this diagram: the primate family tree. By understanding the phylogeny (family-tree structure) of living primates today, researchers can determine which anatomies unite particular groups. This knowledge is important because if researchers find a fossil with a particular anatomy. Tarsiers are the problem. 1. The order primates can be split into two suborders, prosimians and anthropoids. Prosimians (lemurs, lorises and tarsiers) are often called lesser primates because they retain more primitive features than the more derived anthropoids (monkeys apes and us). Interestingly, there are some features, like the absence of a wet nose (rhinarium), that unite one group of prosimians (tarsiers) with the anthropoids. This taxonomy is primarily based on observable physical traits (a grade -based approach). 2. However, more recent approaches have emphasized not levels of anatomical complexity but ancestor descendent relationships, and find that tarsiers are more closely related to anthropoids than to prosimians. Under this evolutionary, or cladistic, scheme, tarsiers are united with anthropoids and collectively called haplorhines. Most researchers now subdivide primates into a group that includes the anthropoids and tarsiers, called haplorhines, while grouping all prosimians like lemurs and lorises (but not the tarsiers) as strepsirhines. DNA evidence supports this grouping, as well.. Within the hominoids are the hylobatids, or gibbons, the pongids (orangutans), and hominids (African apes and humans).
10 Two Taxonomies
11 Classifying Primates 2 Based on anatomical similarities and differences, researchers have historically grouped humans separately from the other apes. All of the great apes were thought to be closely related to one another in the pongid family, and humans had their own family: hominid. However, this all changed with the use of DNA as a tool for figuring out whether this traditional classification was, in fact, correct. It turns out that the great apes are not all equally related to one another. In fact, chimpanzees and bonobos are more closely related to humans than they are to the other apes. This new cladistic classification system reflects genetic similarity: All of the great apes, humans. together with gibbons compose the hominoid superfamily. Great apes and humans are in the hominid family. [In the old terminology, this was only for humans and their ancestors.] Groups humans and members of the genus Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos) together in the subfamily hominine. So, the word we use for just the human ancestors now is now the tribe hominin.
12 Two More Taxonomies
Anthro 101: Human Biological Evolution. Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations. Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier
Anthro 101: Human Biological Evolution Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier Here is the PLAN Listen to this lecture and read about Taxonomy in the text I will ask you a question(s)
More informationBiological Anthropology Sample Exam 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Biological Anthropology Sample Exam 2 1 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE 1) Non-human primates are currently threatened by A) poaching for the live animal trade B) the bushmeat trade C) forest clearing D) all of these
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 9 What is a primate, and why do we study them? Copyright Bruce Owen 2008
Why study non-human primates? Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 9 What is a primate, and why do we study them? Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 They give us clues about human nature and the nature
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 11 What is a primate, and why do we study them? Copyright Bruce Owen 2011
Why study non-human primates? Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 11 What is a primate, and why do we study them? Copyright Bruce Owen 2011 They give us clues about human nature and the nature
More informationAnthro 101: Human Biological Evolution. Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations. Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier
Anthro 101: Human Biological Evolution Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier Here is the deal, read though the lecture and hopefully the audio works on youtube Classifying species
More informationThe Cell Theory, Evolution & Natural Selection. A Primer About How We Came To Be
The Cell Theory, Evolution & Natural Selection A Primer About How We Came To Be The Forces That Created Life Physics Chemistry - Time 13.8 billion years ago 4.5 billion years ago 3.5 billion years ago
More informationAnthro 101: Human Biological Evolution. Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations. Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier
Anthro 101: Human Biological Evolution Lecture 7: Taxonomy/Primate Adaptations Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier Classifying species into taxa Linnaeus classification based on physical similarity Genus species,
More informationLesson Topic Learning Goals
Unit 2: Evolution Part B Lesson Topic Learning Goals 1 Lab Mechanisms of Evolution Cumulative Selection - Be able to describe evolutionary mechanisms such as genetic variations and key factors that lead
More informationPrimate Diversity & Human Evolution (Outline)
Primate Diversity & Human Evolution (Outline) 1. Source of evidence for evolutionary relatedness of organisms 2. Primates features and function 3. Classification of primates and representative species
More information6 HOW DID OUR ANCESTORS EVOLVE?
6 HOW DID OUR ANCESTORS EVOLVE? David Christian introduces the science of taxonomy and explains some of the important methods used to identify and classify different species and several key human ancestors.
More informationStratigraphic correlation. Old Earth, Changing Earth. Plate Tectonics. A105 Fossil Lecture. Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals. Tuff A. Tuff Q.
Stratigraphic correlation Old Earth, Changing Earth Tuff A Tuff A 3.2 + 0.1 MA Tuff Q Tuff Q Tuff B Tuff C 3.6 + 0.1 MA 3.7 + 0.1 MA Tuff C Plate Tectonics Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals Text pp 128-=130
More informationCHAPTER 26 PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE Connecting Classification to Phylogeny
CHAPTER 26 PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE Connecting Classification to Phylogeny To trace phylogeny or the evolutionary history of life, biologists use evidence from paleontology, molecular data, comparative
More informationPhysical Anthropology Exam 2
Physical Anthropology Exam 2 1) Which of the following stages of the life cycle are NOT found in primates other than humans? a) Infancy b) Juvenile c) Sub-adult d) Adult e) Post-reproductive 2) Essential
More informationEvolution & Natural Selection
Evolution & Natural Selection Human Origins & Adaptations Charles Darwin Darwin did not discover evolution Darwin explain how natural selection decided which genes would be selected and passed on to the
More informationUnit 4 Evolution (Ch. 14, 15, 16)
Ch. 16 - Evolution Unit 4 Evolution (Ch. 14, 15, 16) 1. Define Evolution 2. List the major events that led to Charles Darwin s development of his theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection 3. Summarize
More informationNatural selection acting on humans
Natural selection acting on humans 1 Natural selection acting on humans 2 Natural selection acting on humans 3 Geologic time scale Earth's history divided into eras, periods epochs Early Paleozoic era:
More informationHow related are organisms?
The Evolution and Classification of Species Darwin argued for adaptive radiation in which demes spread out in a given environment and evolved How related are organisms? Taonomy the science of classifying
More information(Again) Midterm and Essay 1 = April 12th, Thursday the week after Spring Break
Announcements (Again) Midterm and Essay 1 = April 12th, Thursday the week after Spring Break This week: More chapter 5 - classification practice, new species concepts, fossils 1 On the midterm 882-E scantron
More information9/15/2014. Rock types. The fossil record. A dynamic planet. Tectonic processes
Rock types The fossil record Chapter 4 Three major rock classifications: Igneous Solidified magma Most common type of rock Sedimentary Sediment that becomes compacted into rock Usually distinctly layered
More informationWhat is the purpose of the Classifying System? To allow the accurate identification of a particular organism
What is the purpose of the Classifying System? To allow the accurate identification of a particular organism Taxonomy The practice of classifying organisms -Taxonomy was founded nearly 300 years ago by
More informationName Class Date. 1. What group of mammals do apes, monkeys, lemurs, and humans belong to? a. primates b. cold-blooded c. hominid d.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Humans and Other Primates PRIMATES 1. What group of mammals do apes, monkeys, lemurs, and humans belong to? a. primates b. cold-blooded c. hominid d. primitive
More informationHUMAN EVOLUTION. Where did we come from?
HUMAN EVOLUTION Where did we come from? www.christs.cam.ac.uk/darwin200 Darwin & Human evolution Darwin was very aware of the implications his theory had for humans. He saw monkeys during the Beagle voyage
More informationName Date Class. This section tells about the characteristics of birds, how they care for their young, and about their special adaptations.
Structure and Function of Vertebrates Reading/Notetaking Guide Birds (pp. 480 485) This section tells about the characteristics of birds, how they care for their young, and about their special adaptations.
More informationHow Biological Diversity Evolves
CHAPTER 14 How Biological Diversity Evolves PowerPoint Lectures for Essential Biology, Third Edition Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon Essential Biology with Physiology, Second Edition Neil Campbell,
More informationThe practice of naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy.
Chapter 18 Key Idea: Biologists use taxonomic systems to organize their knowledge of organisms. These systems attempt to provide consistent ways to name and categorize organisms. The practice of naming
More informationOutline. Classification of Living Things
Outline Classification of Living Things Chapter 20 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. Taxonomy Binomial System Species Identification Classification Categories Phylogenetic Trees Tracing Phylogeny Cladistic Systematics
More informationConcept Modern Taxonomy reflects evolutionary history.
Concept 15.4 Modern Taxonomy reflects evolutionary history. What is Taxonomy: identification, naming, and classification of species. Common Names: can cause confusion - May refer to several species (ex.
More informationChapter 17A. Table of Contents. Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification. Section 2 How Biologists Classify Organisms
Classification of Organisms Table of Contents Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification Classification Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification
More informationBio 1M: The evolution of apes. 1 Example. 2 Patterns of evolution. Similarities and differences. History
Bio 1M: The evolution of apes 1 Example Humans are an example of a biological species that has evolved Possibly of interest, since many of your friends are probably humans Humans seem unique: How do they
More informationEvolution and Taxonomy Laboratory
Evolution and Taxonomy Laboratory 1 Introduction Evolution refers to the process by which forms of life have changed through time by what is described as descent with modification. Evolution explains the
More informationAny evidence of an organism that lived long ago. Sedimentary. Relative Dating. Absolute Dating
A fossil is: Any evidence of an organism that lived long ago Sedimentary Rock Almost all fossils are found in How do scientists determine the age of fossils? Relative Dating Absolute Dating The deeper
More informationChimpanzees. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 11/13/11. Week 12. Chimpanzees Dating things Intro to Human Origins
Week 12 Chimpanzees Dating things Intro to Human Origins Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Chimpanzees Chimpanzees are perhaps the best known of all nonhuman primates. Most of us experience captive or trained
More informationMacroevolution Part I: Phylogenies
Macroevolution Part I: Phylogenies Taxonomy Classification originated with Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century. Based on structural (outward and inward) similarities Hierarchal scheme, the largest most
More informationJurmain et al. Chapter 5 (Pp & ) Processes of Macroevolution
Jurmain et al. Chapter 5 (Pp. 96-101 & 105-117) Processes of Macroevolution Overview This chapter concentrates on macroevolution and the intent of your studying this material is to introduce the basic
More information1. Construct and use dichotomous keys to identify organisms. 2. Define scientific name and the binomial system of nomenclature.
OBJECTIVE SHEET TAXONOMY 1. Construct and use dichotomous keys to identify organisms. 2. Define scientific name and the binomial system of nomenclature. 3. Name and describe the general characteristics
More informationLecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011
Lecture 11 Friday, October 21, 2011 Phylogenetic tree (phylogeny) Darwin and classification: In the Origin, Darwin said that descent from a common ancestral species could explain why the Linnaean system
More information12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book
12.1 THE FOSSIL RECORD KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. Fossils can form in several different ways: Permineralization occurs when water surrounds a hard structure such
More informationCH. 18 Classification
CH. 18 Classification Name:_ 1. Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms a. are going extinct. b. are very numerous and diverse. c. are too much alike. d. share
More informationPhylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26
Phylogeny Chapter 26 Taxonomy Taxonomy: ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature,
More informationThe Evolution of Primates
The Evolution of Primates Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Order Primates of class Mammalia includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans. Non-human primates live primarily in the tropical or subtropical regions
More informationChapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
Chapter Review 1. Use the phylogenetic tree shown at the right to complete the following. a. Explain how many clades are indicated: Three: (1) chimpanzee/human, (2) chimpanzee/ human/gorilla, and (3)chimpanzee/human/
More informationThe Origin of Intelligence!
The Origin of Intelligence The Origin of Intelligence f i : Fraction of life-bearing planets where Intelligence develops What is intelligence? Propose: The ability to model the world, including the organism
More informationEvolution and Our Heritage
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 22 Evolution and Our Heritage Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University
More information12.1 The Fossil Record. KEY CONCEPT Specific environmental conditions are necessary in order for fossils to form.
KEY CONCEPT Specific environmental conditions are necessary in order for fossils to form. Fossils can form in several ways. Premineralization occurs when minerals carried by water are deposited around
More informationHUMAN EVOLUTION 17 APRIL 2013
HUMAN EVOLUTION 17 APRIL 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Consider the following aspects of Human Evolution: - Interpretation of a phylogenetic tree to show the place of the family Hominidae
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
Name Date Class CHAPTER 13 DIRECTED READING The Theory of Evolution Section 13-1: The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Darwin Proposed a Mechanism for Evolution Mark each statement below T if it
More informationSkulls & Evolution. Procedure In this lab, groups at the same table will work together.
Skulls & Evolution Objectives To illustrate trends in the evolution of humans. To demonstrate what you can learn from bones & fossils. To show the adaptations of various mammals to different habitats and
More informationOrganizing Life on Earth
Organizing Life on Earth Inquire: Organizing Life on Earth Overview Scientists continually obtain new information that helps to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Each group of organisms
More informationClassification. copyright cmassengale
Classification 1 Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified 2 What is
More informationHuman Evolution. Chapter Learning objectives Laboratory exercises Primates. Sebastián Vélez and Eli Minkoff
Chapter 12 Human Evolution Sebastián Vélez and Eli Minkoff 12.1 Learning objectives 1. Understand the evolutionary relationships among primates. 2. Describe the evolutionary relationships between chimps,
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A
Class: _ Date: _ Ch 17 Practice test 1. A segment of DNA that stores genetic information is called a(n) a. amino acid. b. gene. c. protein. d. intron. 2. In which of the following processes does change
More informationHominid Evolution What derived characteristics differentiate members of the Family Hominidae and how are they related?
Hominid Evolution What derived characteristics differentiate members of the Family Hominidae and how are they related? Introduction. The central idea of biological evolution is that all life on Earth shares
More informationBiology 211 (2) Week 1 KEY!
Biology 211 (2) Week 1 KEY Chapter 1 KEY FIGURES: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 VOCABULARY: Adaptation: a trait that increases the fitness Cells: a developed, system bound with a thin outer layer made of
More information7 th Grade SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Ecology, Evolution, Classification
7 th Grade SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Ecology, Evolution, Classification ECOLOGY Students will be able to: Define species, population, community and ecosystem. species organisms that can mate and produce fertile
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Paleontology and the first primates Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 So far, we have seen how evolution
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Paleontology and the first primates Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 So far, we have seen how evolution works in general, and how it has shaped our closest relatives,
More informationClassification of Organisms
Classification of Organisms Main Idea *****Chapter 14***** Students should be able to: * Understand why a classification system is important * Understand that there are a variety of ways to classify organisms
More informationHuman Evolution Comparing Primates
Human Evolution Comparing Primates Background According to the theory of evolution, all species are are related and linked to a common ancestor. Species that are more closely related have common ancestor
More informationPHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION/HEREDITY UNIT Unit 1 Part 11 Chapter 26 Activity #15 NAME DATE PERIOD PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS PHYLOGENY Evolutionary history of species or group of related species SYSTEMATICS Study
More informationEvolution Common Assessment 1
Evolution Common Assessment 1 1. The field of biology that includes the study of the origin of new species through time is known as 5. A. biochemistry B. evolution C. ecology D. embryology 2. Evidence
More informationEvolution Evidence of Change
6 Evolution Evidence of Change lesson 3 Evolution and Plate Tectonics Grade Seven Science Content Standard. 4.f. Students know how movements of Earth's continental and oceanic plates through time, with
More informationClassification Practice Test
Classification Practice Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An organism may have different
More informationChapter 9. Primate Origins and Evolution
Chapter 9 Primate Origins and Evolution Overview The very first primate fossil was discovered in France described by a scientist we ve already met in a previous lecture: Georges Cuvier. Remember that Cuvier
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS. Chapter 18
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS Chapter 18 How many species are there? About 1.8 million species have been given scientific names Nearly 2/3 of which are insects 99% of all known animal species are smaller
More informationBiology 1B Evolution Lecture 2 (February 26, 2010) Natural Selection, Phylogenies
1 Natural Selection (Darwin-Wallace): There are three conditions for natural selection: 1. Variation: Individuals within a population have different characteristics/traits (or phenotypes). 2. Inheritance:
More informationClassification Revision Pack (B2)
Grouping Organisms: All organisms (living things) are classified into a number of different groups. The first, most broad group is a kingdom. The last, most selective group is a species there are fewer
More informationEvolution Problem Drill 10: Human Evolution
Evolution Problem Drill 10: Human Evolution Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the human phylogenetic relationship with the African great apes? Question
More informationPHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY SPECIES
CLASSIFICATION LEVELS KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Classification of ME! Animalia Multicellular, mobile, eukaryotic, heterotroph Chordata Dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, bilateral
More informationHomework. Guided Reading Recent Hominids (#22-31) Need ear buds/headphones for Monday!!
Homework Guided Reading Recent Hominids (#22-31) Need ear buds/headphones for Monday!! Learning Target I can explore various hominids from the skull lab and describe the evolution of hominids. What are
More informationThe History of Life on Earth
CHAPTER 9 VOCABULARY & NOTES WORKSHEET The History of Life on Earth By studying the Vocabulary and Notes listed for each section below, you can gain a better understanding of this chapter. SECTION 1 Vocabulary
More informationName Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.
Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Precambrian time Paleozoic era Mesozoic era Cenozoic era 1. During,
More informationYes. 1 ENGL 191 * Writing Workshop II. 2 ENGL 191 * Writing Workshop II. Yes
COURSE DISCIPLINE : COURSE NUMBER : COURSE TITLE (FULL) : COURSE TITLE (SHORT) : ANTHR 101 CATALOG DESCRIPTION ANTHR 101 introduces the concepts, methods of inquiry, and scientific explanations for biological
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Matthew Ferry Evolution The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the Earth.
More informationChapter 18 Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity
Chapter 18 Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity Bird Diversity in Indonesia Chapter 18 At a Glance 18.1 How Are Organisms Named and Classified? 18.2 What Are the Domains of Life? 18.1 How Are Organisms
More informationClassification. 18a. Lab Exercise. Contents. Introduction. Objectives. 18a
Lab Exercise Classification Contents Objectives 1 Introduction 1 Activity.1 Classification of Organisms 4 Activity.2 Phylogenetic Analysis 5 Resutls Section 7 Objectives - To create a classification of
More informationA Summary of the Theory of Evolution
A Summary of the Theory of Evolution Raúl Esperante Geoscience Research Institute Loma Linda, California What is Evolution? What does the term evolution mean? The word has three meanings that are relevant
More informationChapter 18: Classification
Chapter 18: Classification Dichotomous Key A way to identify unknown organisms Contains major characteristics of groups of organisms Pairs of CONTRASTING descriptions 4. After each description key either
More informationAdv. Biology: Classification Unit Study Guide
Adv. Biology: Classification Unit Study Guide Chapter 17 and 24.1-24.2 All notes/handouts/activities from class Early taxonomists: Aristotle/Linnaeus o Aristotle (394-32 B.C.) a Greek Philosopher, who
More informationCladistics and Bioinformatics Questions 2013
AP Biology Name Cladistics and Bioinformatics Questions 2013 1. The following table shows the percentage similarity in sequences of nucleotides from a homologous gene derived from five different species
More informationAutotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food.
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs must get energy by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
More informationPHYLOGENY & THE TREE OF LIFE
PHYLOGENY & THE TREE OF LIFE PREFACE In this powerpoint we learn how biologists distinguish and categorize the millions of species on earth. Early we looked at the process of evolution here we look at
More informationNAME DATE PER preap Biology Evidence for Evolution
NAME DATE PER preap Biology Evidence for Evolution Evidence for evolution comes from the following areas the fossil record, homologous structures, embryology, and DNA. You will examine examples from each
More informationAnnouncements: 1. Labs meet this week 2. Lab manuals have been ordered 3. Some slides from each lecture will be on the web 4. Study questions will be
Announcements: 1. Labs meet this week 2. Lab manuals have been ordered 3. Some slides from each lecture will be on the web 4. Study questions will be posted after each lecture Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Protozoa
More informationBiological Anthropology
Biological Anthropology Sample Exam 3 Fall 2017 This sample exam, which contains questions from exams given sometime in the past, will provide you with an idea of the types of questions you will face on
More informationThe Origin of Intelligence
The Origin of Intelligence f i The Origin of Intelligence : Fraction of life-bearing planets where Intelligence develops What is intelligence? Propose: The ability to model the world, including the organism
More informationBackground: Why Is Taxonomy Important?
Background: Why Is Taxonomy Important? Taxonomy is the system of classifying, or organizing, living organisms into a system based on their similarities and differences. Imagine you are a scientist who
More informationThursday, January 14. Teaching Point: SWBAT. assess their knowledge to prepare for the Evolution Summative Assessment. (TOMORROW) Agenda:
Thursday, January 14 Teaching Point: SWBAT. assess their knowledge to prepare for the Evolution Summative Assessment. (TOMORROW) Agenda: 1. Show Hinsz your completed Review WS 2. Discuss answers to Review
More informationOrganizing Life s Diversity
17 Organizing Life s Diversity section 2 Modern Classification Classification systems have changed over time as information has increased. What You ll Learn species concepts methods to reveal phylogeny
More informationTaxonomy. The science of naming organisms.
Taxonomy The science of naming organisms. Why Classify? Aristotle Did It Plant or animal? If an animal, does it Fly Swim Crawl Simple classifications Used common names Carolus Linnaeus did it better
More informationUnit 1 The Study of Life Student Notes
Unit 1 The Study of Life Student Notes 1.1 Introduction to Biology What is Science? is a special way of looking at and learning about the. a. Looks into relationships between. b. Tries to those relationships
More informationVocabulary Classification the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities Taxonomy the science of naming and classifying
Classification.. Vocabulary Classification the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities Taxonomy the science of naming and classifying organisms trait a characteristic or behavior
More informationSUCCESS CRITERIA: 1. I will be able to use new science terminology in describing and exploring biodiversity
LEARNING GOAL: Demonstrate an understanding of how the interconnectedness of all living things, including humans, is critical to the health of our planet. SUCCESS CRITERIA: 1. I will be able to use new
More informationEvidence of Common Ancestry Stations
Stations Scientists have long wondered where organisms came from and how they evolved. One of the main sources of evidence for the evolution of organisms comes from the fossil record. Thousands of layers
More information9/19/2012. Chapter 17 Organizing Life s Diversity. Early Systems of Classification
Section 1: The History of Classification Section 2: Modern Classification Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms Click on a lesson name to select. Early Systems of Classification Biologists use a system of classification
More informationChapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter focus Shifting from the process of how evolution works to the pattern evolution produces over time. Phylogeny Phylon = tribe, geny = genesis or origin
More informationExercise 13 Hominid fossils (10 pts) (adapted from Petersen and Rigby 1999, pp )
INTRODUCTION Exercise 13 Hominid fossils (10 pts) (adapted from Petersen and Rigby 1999, pp. 221 225) The first significant hominid fossils were found north of Düsseldorf, Germany, in the Neander Valley
More informationCharles Darwin. 0 Lived in England : Beagle s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of South America
Charles Darwin 0 Lived in England 0 1809-1882 0 1831-1836: Beagle s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of South America 0 1859: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 0 EVOLUTION à
More informationAnthropology Midterm Exam
1. A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is called A. Hominid B. A species C. A family D. A hominid E. A populace 2. Biological anthropologists are concerned with the external
More informationName: Period: Evidence for Evolution Part I. Introduction
Name: Evidence for Evolution Period: Part I. Introduction Two of the most important ideas in evolution are as follows: 1) Every species is a modified (changed) descendant of a species that existed before.
More informationSPECIATION. REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS PREZYGOTIC: Barriers that prevent fertilization. Habitat isolation Populations can t get together
SPECIATION Origin of new species=speciation -Process by which one species splits into two or more species, accounts for both the unity and diversity of life SPECIES BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT Population or groups
More informationTopic 7: Evolution. 1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years.
1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years. Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown? (1) Species A is
More information