(Again) Midterm and Essay 1 = April 12th, Thursday the week after Spring Break

Transcription

1 Announcements (Again) Midterm and Essay 1 = April 12th, Thursday the week after Spring Break This week: More chapter 5 - classification practice, new species concepts, fossils 1

2 On the midterm 882-E scantron Blank paper for the short answer questions Structure 25 multiple choice; 10 true or false Short answers 10 will be 'released' on creason.co 7 will be presented on the midterm Answer 5 of the short answer questions Content ~15 questions on ch. 1-3 ~15 questions on ch. 4 and 5 ~5 questions on ch. 6* Short answers will be from all the chapters covered so far but mostly 4-6 My gifts to you Study guide will be released by Sunday Allowed a 3x5 notecard for test (both sides okay) Cannot copy notecards Cannot type notecards 2

3 On the essay Again, here's the best structure/outline you should follow: Introduction paragraph Give thesis (statement). Outline how you'll support your thesis statement Body paragraphs Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Conclusion Restate thesis. Briefly summarize the content of the essay body supporting it. 3

4 Geologic time scale: eras, periods, and epochs Mesozoic Era - Age of the Dinosaurs ( mya) Cenozoic Era - Age of the Mammals (65-0 mya) 4

5 Geologic time scale: eras, periods, and epochs Vertebrate evolutionary history -First vertebrate arose during the early Paleozoic Era (500 mya) 5

6 Geologic time scale: eras, periods, and epochs Continental Drift: plate tectonics moved the continents separating animal groups during the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic Era -redistributed mammals and reptiles around the globe Pangaea began separating in the late Paleozoic era Modern continent placement arose in late Mesozoic Era (65 mya) 6

7 Mammalian evolution Cenozoic Era - Age of the Mammals ~75 mya all living groups of mammals diverged Adaptive radiation of mammals - mammals diversified after dinosaur extinction -new ecological niches opened up 7

8 Mammalian evolution Adaptive radiation of mammals - mammals diversified after dinosaur extinction -new ecological niches opened up 8

9 Mammalian evolution Mammal traits -successful due to complex brain and flexible behavior placental: in utero development heterodont dentition -able to process a wide variety of foods 9

10 Mammalian evolution Mammal traits -successful due to complex brain and flexible behavior placental: in utero development heterodont dentition -able to process a wide variety of foods Endothermic: constant internal temperature through metabolic activities Three major mammal groups Monotremes: most ancestral because they lay eggs Marsupials: young born extremely immature; development is completed in mother's pouch Placental: have wider range of learning stimuli after birth during lactation period 10

11 Rhesus macaque 11

12 -native to tropics and semi-tropics (little seasonal variation in temperature) 12

13 -native to tropics and semi-tropics (little seasonal variation in temperature) Four categories of Primate traits - homologies found in most primate groups 1. Limbs and locomotion; 2. Diet and dentition; 3. Senses and brain; 4. Maturity and behavior Rhesus macaque 13

14 1. Limbs and locomotion -tendency towards hold their bodies erect -flexible generalized limb structure -prehensile hands and feet -opposable thumbs -retention of 5 digits 14

15 1. Limbs and locomotion -tendency towards hold their bodies erect -flexible generalized limb structure -prehensile hands and feet -opposable thumbs -retention of 5 digits -nails instead of claws on some digits -tactile pads on digits 15

16 2. Diet and dentition -generalized dentition; omnivorous Dental formulas: Us and Old world monkeys: 2:1:2:3 New world monkeys: 2:1:3:3 16

17 3. Senses and brain -color vision and diurnal -stereoscopic vision - eyes are located in front of face -decreased reliance on sense of smell 17

18 4. Maturity and behavior -long life span -long gestation period -reduced number of offspring -delayed maturation, i.e., grow up slowly Behavior -greater dependency on learned, flexible behavior rather than pre-packaged instinct -social groups with permanent association of males 18

19 Ancestral primate traits Question: What can we infer about the strategy and environment of the first primates? 19

20 Ancestral primate traits Question: What can we infer about the strategy and environment of the first primates? Arboreal hypothesis: many primate traits can be explained as adaptations to living in trees 20

21 Ancestral primate traits Question: What can we infer about the strategy and environment of the first primates? Arboreal hypothesis: many primate traits can be explained as adaptations to living in trees Question: What characteristics do WE have that fit with this hypothesis? 21