Topic 7: Evolution. 1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years.

Transcription

1 1. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years. Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown? (1) Species A is better adapted to this environment. (2) Species A is the predator of Species B. (3) Species B is better adapted to this environment. (4) Species B is a parasite that has benefited species A. 2. In a sexually reproducing species, evolution could occur as a result of (1) modification of genes in body cells (2) modification of genes in sex cells (3) increased reproduction among individuals with identical chromosomes (4) recombination of genes in cells reproducing by mitosis 3. In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to (1) consume a large quantity of food (2) reproduce successfully (3) maintain a constant body temperature (4) be domesticated 4. The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a pesticide on a population of insects over three generations. Which concept is represented in the diagram? (1) survival of the fittest (2) dynamic equilibrium (3) succession (4) extinction Page 1

2 5. The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the environment? (1) Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity. (2) Species C has the best chance of survival because it has no gene mutations. (3) Neither species B nor species D will survive because they compete for the same resources. (4) None of the species will survive because bacteria reproduce asexually. 6. The diagram below illustrates the change that occurred in the physical appearance of a rabbit population over a 10-year period. Which condition would explain this change over time? (1) a decrease in the mutation rate of the rabbits with black fur (2) a decrease in the advantage of having white fur (3) an increase in the advantage of having white fur (4) an increase in the chromosome number of the rabbits with black fur 7. One possible explanation for the fact that some simple, one-celled organisms did not evolve into complex, multicellular organisms is that (1) energy flow in an ecosystem requires simple autotrophic organisms (2) the reproductive rate of single-celled organisms is too fast for change to occur (3) these organisms possessed traits that enabled them to survive in a changing environment (4) stability within an ecosystem requires the presence of a variety of different species 8. A man lifts weights and develops large arm muscles. His son has larger muscles than his father had at the same age. According to Lamarck's theory, this situation is due to (1) competition between father and son (2) survival of the fittest (3) inheritance of acquired characteristics (4) mutagenic agents 9. A population of animals is permanently split by a natural barrier into two separate populations in different environments. What will likely result after a long period of time? (1) The evolution of the two populations will be identical. (2) The production of variations will stop in the two populations. (3) The two populations will evolve into separate species. (4) Autotrophic nutrition will replace heterotrophic nutrition in the two populations. Page 2

3 10. Evolution can be viewd in species of bacteria more easily than in species of mammals because bacteria have 14. The diagram below shows a comparison of nitrogen base sequences in the DNA of some organisms to those of a human. (1) less competition (2) more chromosomes (3) lower mutation rates (4) higher rates of reproduction 11. When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that (1) the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance (2) the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics (3) some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics (4) antibiotics have become weaker over the years According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to the (1) ancestral primate (2) chimpanzee (3) gorilla (4) orangutan 12. The embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that (1) all these animals can swim (2) pigs developed from chickens (3) these animals may have had a common ancestor (4) gill slits and tails are required for embryonic development 13. Many scientists suggest that billions of years ago, life on Earth began with (1) simple, single-celled organisms (2) simple, multicellular organisms (3) complex, single-celled organisms (4) complex, multicellular organisms Page 3

4 Base your answers to questions 15 through 18 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. Letters A through J represent different species of organisms. The vertical distances between the dotted lines represent long periods of time in which major environmental changes occurred. 15. Which statement best describes species C? (1) Species A is an ancestor of species C. (2) Through natural selection, species C produced increased survival mechanisms. (3) Species J is an ancestor of species C. (4) Species C had insufficient adaptive characteristics for survival in a changing environment. 16. Which species appears to have been most successful in surviving changes in the environment over the longest time? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) H 17. Which species are most closely related? (1) F and G (2) G and H (3) A and H (4) E and B 18. Which species is the most recent common ancestor of species H and I? What do the similarities of the bones labeled A provide evidence for? (1) the organisms may have evolved from a common ancestor (2) all species have one kind of bone structure (3) the cells of the bones contain the same type of mutations (4) all structural characteristics are the same in animals 20. Extinction occurs when the environment changes and (1) a species can reproduce successfully (2) an individual has adaptive characteristics insufficient to allow survival (3) all members of a species are no longer living (4) one individual produces some offspring that evolve into a new species (1) A (2) G (3) D (4) E Page 4

5 21. According to some scientists, what resulted from the environmental conditions existing on primitive Earth illustrated below? 22. The diagram below represents the apparatus used by Stanley Miller to provide experimental evidence to support the heterotroph hypothesis. (1) evolution of the first heterotrophs from aggregates of organic molecules (2) development of heterotrophic forms of life from plants (3) migration of vertebrates to cooler portions of Earth (4) decrease in asexual reproduction in primitive organisms n which parts of the setup did he attempt to duplicate the energy sources of the primitive Earth? (1) A and D (2) B and C (3) C and A (4) D and B Page 5

6 Answer Key Topic 7- Evolution Page 6