LANGUISHING CRAFT KAAVAD MAKING AND SINGING Bassi, Rajasthan

Transcription

1 Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India Research Study and Documentation by S-4 Khirki Extn, New Delhi Tel: mail@craftrevival.org Web Encyclo Journal: LANGUISHING CRAFT KAAVAD MAKING AND SINGING Bassi, Rajasthan LANGUISHING CRAFT KAAVAD MAKING AND SINGING Bassi, Rajasthan Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India

2 LANGUISHING CRAFT KAAVAD MAKING AND SINGING Bassi, Rajasthan Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India Research Study and Documentation by

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4 Acknowledgement C at e i al T ust tha ks the Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats, Mi ist of Te iles, Go e e t of I dia, fo thei suppo t a d spo so ship of this e i po ta t su je t. We a k o ledge ith tha ks Sh i S.S. Gupta, De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats fo his help a d suppo t. Tha ks to S t Alka A o a, Addiio al De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats fo he o sta t suppo t. Ou tha ks to Sh i ohit Bha d aj, Di e to, Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats Tha ks a e also due to the oi e a d staf of Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats

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6 Contents A out the Kaa ad - The Maki g a d the e itaio Kaa ad Si gi g the Bhats Histo i al Ba kg ou d of the Kaa ad a d the Bhats A out the Kaa ad ake s Bassi a d Kaa adi a Bhats A out the Pla e A out the Ma ket A out the a Mate ial A out the Tools P o ess of Kaa ad Maki g Cu e t Status e o e daio s A isa s Co ta t List esea h Methodolog

7 ajastha 6 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

8 About the Kaavad - The Maki g a d the Re itaio Kaa ad is a ea s old folk at. T adiio all a o ile te ple sh i e it as a ied f o ho e to ho e a d illage to illage the Kaa adia Bhat ho e ited the hol sto ies a d ai tai ed fa il ge ealogies. The Kaa ad is a t adiio al i ge uousl ated a ai e telli g de i e, o igi all ade i a go t ee ood. Vi idl illust ated ith detailed igu es a d s e es a si gle Kaa ad ould e used to e ite uliple sto ies, ea h i di g pla e i the pai ted pa els, doo s a d o e s of the Kaa ad. The e ta gula shaped t adiio al oode kaavad is al a s i size fo the o e ie e of Bhats si ge s of kaavad to t a el a ou d the illages. The kaavad is ade up of oode doo that is hi ged i to t o-th ee pa els o ea h side of the doo. As ea h pa el ope s the sto u a els i all to the g a d e di g he e the i e doo s to the sa tu sa to u of a e ope ed a d the deit e ealed fo the de otees. The de otees the do ate so e o e efo e the doo s a e shut ill the e t etelli g. Pai ted i ight a d i id sto es olou s i ed, lue, ello, hite, ski olou the shapes a e usuall outli ed i la k. The last pa el of kaa ad is a de oted se io fo the pat o s of Bhats. The bhats i st u t the Suthar to d a the igu es of the pat o s alled as Jajmaans as o de ed the pat o s. Fo e a ple if the pat o a ts to see hi self sii g o a a el, the i age is d a i the sa e a. Ca ied, ith the espe t a d defe e e due to a hol o je t, the Kaa adia Bhat held the Kaa ad i f o t of his uppe od, its doo s ope a le if e ui ed, st u g ith a st o g ope that hu g a ou d his e k a d suppo ted his ha ds at the ase of the Kaa ad. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 7

9 Kaavad Singing by Bhats Si gi g of kaa ad is o e of the a ie t pe fo i g a ts to e te tai the illage s. Ea h o i side the pa els de otes a sto f o tholog a d lege ds. A d ea h sto is su g the si ge s. This si gi g is k o as Kaavad Banchna. The le gth of ea h sto su g depe ds upo the Bhats. The si ge s of kaa ad a e k o as Kaavadiya Bhats. The si gi g a o l e do e this spe ial o u it of Bhats a d the a e o o l k o as ao s. 8 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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14 Historical Background of the Kaavad and the Bhats The sto of o igi of kaa ad aki g goes a k to the g eat epi the a a a a. The lege d sa s it sta ted he aja Dash ath fathe of Lo d a a a ide tall killed Sh a a Ku a istaki g hi to e so e a i al du i g his hu i g e pediio. Sh a a Ku a as taki g his li d pa e ts o a pilg i age. His diei g ish to the aja Dash ath as that as he ould ot take his pa e ts to the pilg i age he asked the ki g to fulil his o to his pa e ts a d i g the pilg i age to his pa e ts. As his li d pa e ts had to o plete the pilg i age the had egu. Thus, Kaa ad the o ile te ple sh i e o igi ated. The people ho a ted to isit the te ple ut ould t do it fo the a ious easo s had o te ple o i g to thei doo step. The sto is a pa t of o al histo told kaa ad ake s a d the e is o do u e ta e ide e to p o e it o g. The lege d of the Kaa adi a Bhats The e is a lege da sto asso iated ith the o igi of Kaa adi a Bhats si ge s of kaa ads that states that a Quee a ed Ku da a ai possessed a kaa ad ut she did ot ha e a o e i te p ei g the sto of the te ple deit fo he, so she alled fo a pe so to si g the kaa ad. Thus the t adiio of si gi g a d e ii g the kaa ad sta ted. Late the o u it of Bhats sta ted ha i g thei o pat o s i dife e t illages to ho the su g the kaa ad sto ies a d ea ed o e. Thus hats a e the si gi g/pe fo i g a ts o u it ho lou ished ith the pat o age of illage s. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 13

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18 About the Kaavad makers (Bassi) and Kaavadiya Bhats (Bhopalgarh Tehsil, Jodhpur district) Thaku Jadaa Cha d, the ule of Bassi liked the ats a ship of the Ja gid Sutha s ho e e setled i the Nagau egio. So he ought the t o Sutha fa ilies to Bassi a d Ga g a egio. Me a is a egio of south- e t al ajastha state i este I dia. It i ludes the p ese t-da dist i ts of P atapga h, Bhil a a, Chito ga h, ajsa a d, Udaipur, Du ga pu, Ba s a a a d so e of the pa t of Guja at a d Madh a P adesh. Bassi o es u de the p ese t da Chito dist i t he e the ge e aio s of the ig ated Sutha fa il a e sill o i ui g ith ood at. O e of the fa ilies that setled i Ga g a egio had o ge e aio s to follo the at lega a d he e at soo a ished a a. P ese tl the at is p a i ed o l i the Bassi illage of Chito ga h dist i t. Mo e tha fa ilies ea h e gaged i p o ess of a ufa tu i g of oode ha di ats ite s at Bassi. Wo e ai l o t i ute to p odu io a d e do the a kei g a d a age e t. Out of the fa ilies o l i e fa ilies a e doi g the kaa ad p odu io. est of the fa ilies a e p odu i g othe ki ds of oode p odu ts like fu itu e, dail uilit ite s, de o ai e igu es a d gits. The atspe so s ho a e e gaged i ood at elo g to Sutha a pe te aste. The a e Jangid B ah i s, ho a e said to e the ost skilled ood a e s hose o igi is f o Nagau. The o d Suthar o igi ates f o the Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 17

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22 Sa sk it o d Sutradhaar. I a ie t i es Suthars e e highl skilled a hite ts ho used ha ts a d Shlokas to uild the gates a d houses. The used to eate ig a hite tu es like te ples a d pala es. Be ause of so e istake ade a app e i e sutha, the e e u sed to ake o je ts ha d. Si e the the ha e o ked ith ha d tools a d ha d a ed the oode o je ts. The Bassi atspe so s ide if the sel es as Ja gid Sutha s. Bassi has t adiio al illage set up he e all the astes a e p e ale t. The dife e t astes p e aili g i the illage a e B ah i s, Mahaja s, Ja gids, Kaiks, Jat, Gujja, Haju i se a ts of ajputs, Mi asi, Kasai, Cha a, Jalao, Pi da a d ega s a d the ju gles ea a e i ha ited Bhil t i al people. Bhils a e e i po ta t ediato s fo the a ate ial p o u e e t. P odu io of kaa ad is o l do e Ja gid sutha s as it is thought to e p esigious a d eligious o k. The kaa ad is a s all te ple sh i e a d supposed to e do e uppe aste e a d o e o l. The se o da o k of a ate ial sou i g a d selli g is do e Bhils a d Musli o u it. Workers: O e of the atspe so has t o othe fa ilies, ho o k fo hi. The o k do e the is ai l f a e aki g a d p odu i g the a kaa ad. The i ishi g a d pai i g o k is do e the aste ats e. These fa ilies a e also Ja gid Sutha s ut si e the do t ha e e ough apital to sta t thei o usi ess the o k fo the othe ats a. The a e paid la ou pe pie e the p odu e. Pie e ate is dife e t fo dife e t p odu ts. Fo e a ple, the kaa ad pie e ate is s. /-. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 21

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25 Bhopalgarh Tehsil, Jodhpur district Ku ha a illage of Bhopalga h Tehsil i the Jodhpu dist i t is the eside e fo Kaa adi a hats. The e a e al ost fa ilies esidi g i the illage ho si g the kaa ad p ofessio all. T adiio al Clie ts of the Kaa ad Ma a egio is i ha ited a u e of o u iies, the ajo it o ki g i the ag i ultu al ields. The la do i g fa i g o u iies i lude ajputs, Jats, Gu ja s, Malis a d Mi as. I the Ma a state the e as Jagi da i s ste of go e a e efo e i depe de e. B ah a s e e asso iated ith p iestl a d eligious p ofessio s. Mahaja s e e asso iated ith t adi g a d o e le di g. Othe astes i ha ii g Ma a i lude Kal i, Nai, Da zi, Suthar, Megh al, Cha ar, Lohar, Naik, Bhil, Gha hi, Si dhi-sipahi. The hats a t as ediato et ee God a d the de otee. The i g the te ple i fo kaa ad to the house of de otee so that he does ot ha e to t a el lo g dista es fo pilg i age. Alo g ith the te ple sh i e, kaa ad te ple sh i e eholds the thologi al a d eligious sto ies f o the g eatest epi of all i es; Maha ha ata a d a a a a. Befo e the i al doo s to the sh i es a e ope the hole se ies of sto ies a e su g i the Ma a i la guage. The le gth a d u e of sto ies su g o pletel depe ds upo the o e gi e the pat o. These sto ies a e su g alo g ith the sto ies of lo al he oes a d ki gs. E e bhat has a pat o s i dife e t illages. The pat o ould e a ki g o a e ha t/ o le a. The 24 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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30 t adiio ho e e as al a s to si g i the ho e of the pat o s. The si gi g is do e spe ial o u it ho a e k o as Bhats. Bhats histo a e t a ed a k as the fa ous poets a d si ge s ho used to si g the i to ies a d he oi deeds of ki gs a d uee s. O e of the e fa ous Bhats is Cha d a Ba dai Bhat of the o al ou ts of Maha aja P ith i aj Chauha. The Bhats used to si g poe s i the o al ou ts a d du i g a i e to oi ate the a io s at the atle ield. P o a l the hat o u it is the sa e as these si ge s. The so gs a e ostl elated thologi al a d eligious sto ies of Lo d a a a d Lo d K ish a f o the g eat epi s of all i es; a a a a a d Maha ha ata. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 29

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33 Kaavad Shrines and Contemporary Products Kaa ads a e of t o t pes - kaa ad. Marwari a d Mewari As pe the dis ussio s ith atspe so the Ma a i kaa ad has ee t a ed a k to e the oldest kaa ad, f o he e the Me a i kaa ad e ol ed he o e of the fa ilies shited f o Nagau Ma a egio to Bassi i Chito ga h. The u e of fa ilies that esided i the Nagau egio at that i e is ot k o. The Ma a i kaa ad is the o e that is su g i the Ma a egio. The si gi g is do e spe ial o u it ho a e k o as Bhats. Bhats histo a e t a ed a k as the fa ous poets a d si ge s ho used to si g the i to ies a d he oi deeds of ki gs a d uee s. O e of the e fa ous Bhats is Cha d a Ba dai Bhat of the o al ou ts of Maha aja P ith i aj Chauha. The Bhats used to si g poe s i the o al ou ts a d du i g a i e to oi ate the a io s at the atle ield. P o a l the Bhat o u it is the sa e as these si ge s. The so gs a e ostl elated thologi al a d eligious sto ies of Lo d a a a d Lo d K ish a f o the g eat epi s of all i es; a a a a a d Maha ha ata. Contemporary Products With the de elopi g e de a d of the kaa ad at, kaa ad is o ade i a ious shapes a d sizes ith a i o aio s i the usa ilit. Kaa ad is o used as a tea hi g de i e i so e s hools; a spe ial kaa ad a ed ABC is ade to tea h E glish alpha ets to hild e. Ne 32 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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38 sto ies ha e ee i t odu ed i the oode pa els like i th/ u if i g of Jesus Ch ist, T ai ules, Bi th of Lo d K ish a et. The t adiio al te ple sh i e has o take the e ole of sto telli g de i e. The a e e e popula as a git ite a d p odu ed i a sizes - othe tha the i h t adiio al o e. La ge te ple sh i es a e also ade o spe ial o de fo useu s, e hi iio s, a d displa s et. Other Products The kaa ad ake s also p odu e othe ha d ade oode o je ts fo i sta e Ga gau idols a e also a i po ta t eligious idol that is ought the lo al people du i g the Ga gau fesi al. Othe p odu ts a e de o ai e ite s, idols, puppets, je elle o es, all lo k et. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 37

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41 About the Place E st hile ajputa a as di ided i to a ious states i ludi g Me a hi h is a egio i the south- e t al ajastha state i Weste I dia. It i ludes the p ese tda dist i ts of Bhil a a, Chito ga h, ajasa a d, Udaipur, a d so e of the pa t of Guja at a d Madh a P adesh. The egio as fo e tu ies a ajput ki gdo that late e a e a p i el state u de the B iish. Ate i depe de e the p i el p o i es all a e u de the Go e e t of I dia a d the e State alled ajastha as di ided i to thi t th ee ad i ist ai e dist i ts hi h a e fu io al u de se e ai di isio s of Aj e, Bha atpu, Bika e, Jaipu, Jodhpu, Kota a d Udaipu. Chito ga h o es u de the Udaipu di isio. Bassi Village is lo ated i the dist i t of Chito ga h i the South- easte Me a egio of ajastha. To the o th of Chito ga h is the to of Bhil a a, ith Udaipu i the south a d ajas a d i the est, Chito ga h is o de ed Madh a P adesh o the easte side. Bassi illage is al ost k a a f o the Chito ga h ai to a d falls u de ad i ist ai e tehsil o su dist i t of Ga g a. The illage populaio a o di g to the e sus is a ou d, i ludi g the i o it a d the S heduled Caste a d S heduled T i es. The illage is do i a tl a Hi du populaio egio. The so ial aste st aii aio lea l e ists a d it e te ds also to the ph si al lo aio of the astes, ith the uppe aste fa ilies li i g i the hea t of the illage a d the lo e astes o the outski ts. Ba te fo se i es e de ed sill e ists, ith food g ai s a d othe ite s e ha ged i the t adiio al a. The 40 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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46 i te depe de of the o u iies is sill e ists a d is lea l isi le. Bassi has ee ide iied as Kaasthkala/ ood at luste the JKSMS NGO he the o ked o the p odu io of Kaa ad a d a kei g a d it as suppo ted Dist i t I dust ies Ce t e DIC, Chito ga h, ajastha. The othe i dust of Bassi is idi/ olled to a o leaf p odu io, hi h is ajo e plo e t ge e aio i dust othe tha ood at. The ea est to is Chito ga h, a out kilo et es a a f o Bassi. The illage s t a el to Chito ga h eithe State u uses o Bi les a d Moto Bikes. Bhil a a, a d Udaipu a e othe to s ea Bassi hi h a e ea hed oad th ough State u uses. The uses to Bhilwara a e ate e e half a hou. P i ate uses a e also a aila le to Bhil a a, ha gi g a ou d s. /- hile the state u uses ha ge s. /- pe pe so. The oad that o e ts Chito a d Bassi is a aio al high a a d is ell ai tai ed. The othe oute that o e ts the eigh ou i g illages is also i e a d lea. The ea est ail a staio s a e at Chito ga h a d Bhil a a. The t ai s goi g to Udaipu ha e i ute stoppage at eithe Chito ga h o Bhil a a staio. The ea est ai po t to Bassi is i Udaipu. I side illage, people t a el i les, a d oto ikes. So e illage s also o fou heel a s. Topography The Bassi illage is ate ed a Da, hi h is a ed ate the illage; Bassi Da. The e is a othe i e a ed Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 45

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49 Beda h that lo s alo g the Bassi illage. The illage has a ate po d ea a Ma di, hi h is k o as Shi Saga Talaa. The illage is su ou ded the A a alli Hills f o all sides. The ood a d the othe atu al a ate ial like gu all o es f o the fo ests i the A a ali a ge. The Bhils li es ea the fo est a d e t a t the gu f o the Gu t ee hi h the a te ith o e o food i the illage. This gu is used i aki g olou s. The ood is ut the Musli o u it a d t aded to the Sutha s. A ou d the illage a d ea is a ast g azi g a ea he e he ds of sheep, goats, atles a d a el do g azi g ea a ou d. The t ees like Ba ul a d Nee a e i a u da e. The e a e a ate odies at e e i e kilo et es i a d a ou d the ag i ultu al la d. Mode Da Fa iliies a d se i es The Village has a a ket ith shops fo o ile e ha ge, C e Cafe, Tailo i g, D Clea i g, Photo Studio, S eet Shops, Co fe io e, Ba gle shops, Leathe Shoes et. The a ket is i the iddle of the illage. Sa oda ik S asth a Ke d a is o e go e e t hospital i the illage that ate s to the edi al fa iliies. The a ki g fa ilit is also a aila le i the illage. 48 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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52 About the Market Bassi C at Cluste The t adiio al u e s as ell as the use s of kaa ad a e Ka adi a Bhats. The hats a esto a e t a ed a k as the fa ous si ge s ho si g i to ies a d he oi deeds of the ki gs a d uee s. These si ge s used to si g du i g the a fa e to oi ate the a io s to ight ill death a d also fo e te tai e t du i g the loodshed a d te sed situaio s. The fa ous hat, Cha d a Ba dai, ho as a o al si ge a d f ie d of P ith i aj Chauha ust e of the sa e li eage. These hats si g the sto ies of kaa ad i a d a ou d the illages. The sto ies a e su g i the houses of the pat o s. This pe fo i g a t is ot fo pu li ut fo spe ii pat o s ho ha e o e hat ho o es a ou d ate the ha esi g of ops du i g the i te seaso. This i e as hose e ause the the used to get food g ai s, o e a d e e so e i es a i als i etu fo si gi g the kaa ad. New Market e e tl the t e d has ha ged a d the kaa ad has fou d a ket outside the t adiio al use as gits, de o ai e ite s. The kaa ad is o p odu ed i a ious shapes a d sizes. The t adiio al kaa ad is sill ade alo g ith a iaio s i olou s, desig s a d sizes. The t adiio al kaa ad used hats is sill the ut ost p io it of the kaa ad ake s a d o l the aste ats a does the o k f o the s at h. The t adiio al kaa ad is ed i olou a d the igu es Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 51

53 i the sto ies a e eithe i pea h go a olou ed o the Vish u a ataa s a e i lue olou aas a i. The d esses a e ai l i g ee a d ello olou a d the outli e of all the igu es is ade i la k. The oifs a e al a s igu ai e ith a i als like elepha ts, a el a d ho se. The hu a igu e is si ple a d ealisi a d ost of the fa es a e al a s side posed. Ve fe a el o e o t o fa es a e sho o pletel. The pa els a e di ided i to o pa t e ts i to hi h t o o th ee igu es elated to the sto a e d a. The sepa ate o es a e i ished ith hite dots a d the p o ess is k o as oi a a a. Jodhpur/Kaavadiya bhats The illages i Jodhpu a e a plafo fo a ious fo s of pe fo i g a ts. Fo e a ple the Bhopas si g the Phad pai i g a d the Bhats si g the Kaa ad te ple sh i e. The dife e e i the t o is ot o l of sto ies ut also the si gi g of kaa ad is a p i ate afai. The kaa ad si gi g is ot pu li a d o l ea t fo the pat o s/ Jaj aa s. A d the si gi g has st o g eligious o otaio s. While Phad pai i g is o e fo e te tai e t pu pose a d do e fo the hole pu li. The pat o s a e the illage s ho ask the Bhat to isit thei ho e a d si g the kaa ad. The kaa ad si gi g is a auspi ious p a ise a d a i es also do e ate the ha est seaso a d du i g e e o ies likes eddi g, hild i th et. The sto telli g of the kaa ad is also a e old pe fo i g a t hi h al a s gets u oi ed. The a t is o i ui g e e toda ut the u e of people p a isi g has edu ed sig ii a tl a d is a ause of o e. Due to ad e t of a 52 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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58 About the Raw Materials The ase ate ial: Wood. T adiio all, the Ma go t ee ood as used, ut o Aadu i e is used. Ma go log is used he i e p odu ts a e to e p odu ed. These da s a go ood is o l used o spe ial de a d o else aadu log is used fo aki g kaa ad. fo food o o e. No the gu /Gond is easil a aila le i shops. The atspe so u s gu a aila le ith the t i als. No a aila ilit of gu so ei es auses the to u f o shops. P o u e e t: The ood is a aila le i a u da e i the fo ests a ou d the illage. The oods a e ostl ut Musli o u it of the illage as ood ui g is ot o side ed ighteous i Hi du o u it. The a ate ial is i a u da e a d easil a aila le as the illage is lo ated i the A a ali hills. The hills a e a i h sou e of i e. The i e is i st p o u ed i the log fo hi h is ut i to s alle lo ks of ood a d lat pie es to e used fo kaa ad aki g. Colour Stones The olou sto es a e a ui ed f o the lo al shops. Ea lie the e used to e fe shops ut o just o e shop is let, i the Bhil a a to that keeps the sto es i pu e fo. All the olou sto es a e pu hased f o that shop. The sa e olou sto es a e also used i Phad pai i gs a d Nathd a a pi hh ais. The olou sto es a e po de ed a d i ed ith so e a ou t of ate a d gu, the applied ith ush. Gum Gu is used to ake olou paste is ous e ough to si k to the ood. The gu alo g ith app op iate a ou t of ate is i ed ith po de ed olou. The gu as ea lie ought the Bhils ho a te ed gu Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 57

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63 About the Tools The tools a e asi tools used i a pe t. The e a ula a es of the tools a e as follo s: Basola Rei Tankla Badi Rei Guniya Kasariya Prakaar Jammur Radda 10. Hathodi 11. Fi e Rei 12. Karot The tools a e sou ed f o lo al i o s iths i the illage. The tools a e easil p odu ed a o di g to the eed of ats e. The ost of the ha d tools is a ged f o s /- to s. /-. While the auto ated a hi es like ood ute s et a ge f o s., /- to s., /-. The ile is so ei es ade the ats pe so hi self depe di g o his e ui e e t. Sou i g of the tools is ot dii ult as it is easil a aila le ithi the illage. 62 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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68 The ush that is used fo pai i g is usuall ade the a ist hi self as the ead ade ushes do ot gi e the e ui ed i ish a d i e ess. B ush is ade up of s ui el hai. The ush thus a e ade as thi o thi k as e ui ed. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 67

69 Process of Kaavad Making The p o ess of kaa ad aki g a e disi tl di ided i to th ee stages. Maki g of F a e Colou illi g Fi ishi g Stepwise process in kaavad manufacture:- The i st stage is aki g a f a e o khokha/di a. The f a e o oode kaa ad is ade i si le els. The ha d a o the uppe lat po io of kaa ad is ade. The su aj/ head of the Me a i ka ad is ade. The su aj is ot used i the Ma a i ka ad the o e that is su g the Ka adi a hats. A d it is a ed so e ause it is su g i the Ma a i egio Jodhpu, Jaisal e a d Bika e of ajastha. A p otot pe of ea h pa t of the kaa ad is al ead a aila le ith the f a e ake. So the t a e the outli e of ea h po io of the kaa ad o the oode lat pie e a d ut it ith a ka ot/aa i. All the pie es a e asse led togethe to eate the kaa ad. O e the kaa ad is f a ed it is to e t eated to e o e a i se t i festaio. Fo this the oode kaa ad is kept o jali/ esh hi h is put o e a ho e ade s all fu a e. The o je ts a e the o e ed ith a jute loth so the fu es a e t apped i side alo g ith oode o je t. The i e e ui ed to sto e the o je ts like this depe ds upo the size of the o je ts. As ea l as i s to o e hou is e ough to do the disi fe io. The heat is ge e ated 68 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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76 i the fu a e th ough aste ood lakes/ u ada. The fu es f o the fu a e sie e th ough the esh a d kill a i se t i side the oode o je t/kaa ad. Also all the defo iies like a ks a d holes e o e isi le at this stage. The kaa ad e o es la k due to the fu es of the fu a e so it is u ed agai st a i ula a hi e. The high speed i ula o e e t of the lat steel ou d plate u s agai st the o je t that is held sill ea the ou d plate. The f i io auses the ood su fa e to s oothe out a d all the la k ess gets e o ed. The a ks a e illed ith the i tu e of ood po de / u ada a d fe i ol. The da a is o ead fo the se o d stage. The se o d stage is of olou i g. The olou i g sta ts ith the p o ess k o as khadi pot a. Khadi pot a a tuall ea s pui g hite olou o the oode f a e. No a da s diste pe is used. The diste pe is i ed ith ate depe di g o the thi k ess of khadi e ui ed. Thi e the khadi, i e is the o k. T o to fou oats a e applied o the kaa ad. Ate the appli aio of hite olou, ea h pa t of the ka ad is d ied. It is i po ta t to e io that the p odu io happe s i lot of - kaa ad at the a i u. O e the khadi has d ied of the ed olou is applied o the kaa ad as the ase. T adiio all o l ed olou as used as ase, Ma a i kaa ad sill uses the ed ase. But the Me a i kaa ads a d othe de o ai e kaa ads a e ade i a dife e t olou s fo i sta e; g ee, hite, ello. e e tl o e of the ats e has got a spe ial o de to eate la k a d hite kaa ad. The ed olou is o tai ed f o a Hi gloo sto e i so ed hi h is po de ed a d i ed ith s all a ou t of Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 75

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79 si doo a d gu a d i ed tho oughl ith ate. Se ue e of olou appli aio o the kaa ad is also spe ii. Ate the ase olou appli aio, ello o de s a e ade a d o es a e de a ated i the pa el fo ea h sto. The atspe so sta ts pai i g di e tl o the ed ase a d do ot ake a i st sket h. The i st olou that is illed is the fa e olou hi h k o as Go a olou. The se o d olou is lue olou hi h is k o as as a i olou that is used to olou i a aio s Lo d Vish u. Ate the lue olou, g ee olou is applied hi h is the ha a olou. The ello olou is agai used ut this i e fo illi g pu pose. The e es a e o pleted ith hite olou. The thi d stage is of i ishi g the kaa ad. The la k outli e is do e ate the igu es a e o plete. The la k is o tai ed f o kaajal. The la k is a aila le f o the hi e s i the Bhil t i e s household. Ate the outli e, hite s all dots a e put a ou d the igu es a d o de s to gi e a i ished look. This is k o as oi laga a. Ate the olou i g p o ess is o plete, a ish is applied. The a ish is allo ed to d fo i i u - hou s efo e kaa ad is o pletel ead. T adiio all the kaa ad i ludes sto ies f o the lege ds, thologi al epi s like Maha ha ata a d a a a a, Pu a a et. But o due to dife e t ki ds of usto e s, lot of e pe i e taio has ee do e a d e desig s a e i t odu ed. Fo e a ple a e ABC kaa ad has ee ade to tea h E glish alpha ets. Ma e i o aio s i sto ies ha e ee do e. 78 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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84 Current Status Go t. I situtes/ NGO s help The e is a A isa Assista t Ce t e i Bassi illage. But the e a e has ee o pa i ula e ei ial s he e used the atspe so. JKSMS has do e a lot of o k ith Bassi ats pe so a d i t odu ed the illage as Kaasthkala at luste. The a kei g st ategies a d p odu t de elop e t as i ple e ted JKSMS. The i iiai e has helped so e atspe so. But it has ee e isi le that o l o e fa il D a ika P asad a d Gha sh a Sutha got o plete e eit out of this p oje t. Though othe atspe so e e also i luded i the p oje t a d the e e e eited as ell. JKSMS has o ked ith the suppo t f o Dist i t I dust Ce t e, ajastha. The e is a age t i Bassi ho u s the a isa s o k a d sells it i the a ket. He does ot gi e a o de s ut pu hase the p odu ts i ulk p odu ed a isa s. It is ot a egula pu hase. The i he a d e l ell esta lished kaa ad a ufa tu e s do ot se d thei p odu ts to the age t as the get e ough o de s f o othe u e s. The e ei e o de s f o Jaipu, Delhi a d Mu ai E po iu s. The also pa i ipate i the fai s a d fesi als like Dastaka, Dilli Haat a d othe fai s i Delhi, Mu ai, Ba galo e et. Ea lie the used to go to the fai ith the iddle e. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 83

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87 Issues; personal/ government C ats pe so a e ot a a e of a s he es of go e e t i te s of health safegua d, edu aio a d also a kei g. So e of the oi e s of Mi ist of Te iles isited the illage to ake A isa s Ca d fo all the ats e. The took the i fo aio ut a isa a ds e e e e se t a k. Whe the JKSMS sta ted thei p oje t, the took the i iiai e to i g the A isa s a d fo ea h a ist. 86 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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92 Re o e daio s Kaa ad aki g hile o a de li e o e the past de ade has e ei ed a o side a le oost ith fo ussed ate io ei g ast o it a u e of i di iduals a d o ga isaio s. It a o lo ge e lassiied as a La guishi g at i eed fo u ge t safegua di g. C at e hi iio s i Delhi, Mu ai, Kolkata a d othe pla es o ha e Kaa ad atspeople selli g thei a es. Stude ts f o the I situte of C at a d Desig, Jaipu ha e do e i te si e p oje ts ith the a d helped popula ise thei at i a o te po a sei g th ough o goi g desig de elop e t. Ni a Sa a i, NID fa ult e e, has ade a il o the a d i fa t is doi g he do to al disse taio i IIT, Mu ai o Kaa ad, she too has helped p o ote thei a t fo. Mo ile C e hes is a e a ple of o e of thei e lie ts ho use the kaa ad as a tool fo tea hi g, UNICEF too has used Kaa ad as a tool fo p o oi g so e of thei so ial ha ge ideas, these a e o l a fe e a ples of thei o te po isaio a d e appeal i o -t adiio al a kets. Ho e e the totalit of the t adiio al Kaa ad is sufe i g a d la guishi g as the o igi al pu pose of the Kaa ad o es a a f o the t adiio al lie t a d pu pose. The age old uesio is ei g asked as ith the de li e i the t adiio al lie t ase the Kaa adi a Bhat, the use of the Kaa ad is o lo ge i de a d ith ha gi g i es a d I dia is i da ge of loosi g o e of its i e si gi g a d ge ealog t adiio s. This connect between the Kaavad maker and the t adiio al pu pose of the p odu t is eake i g a d needs revival. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 91

93 Kaa ad si gi g is the less a k o ledged si gi g a t. It has e ai ed isolated i the Ma a egio of ajastha alo e, it is ot e e isi le i the est of ajastha, let alo e the est of I dia. The e a e o l fe people ho k o that a ists like Ka adia Bhats e ist e e toda ut sadl o l fe ho a e sill a i g o thei t adiio al jo. The si ge s o l t a el to the ea illages of Jodhpu a d o l fe pat o s i ite the Bhats o spe ial o asio s of a iages a d fesi als. It is ot a ass e te tai e t a t a d the Bhat si gs o l to the fa il ho has alled upo hi. Bhats ha e a e high depe de o the pat o s fo t a elli g a d li i g he he is asked fo si gi g. Ea lie the i te depe de of the t o o u iies as o ka le ut toda the o u iies a e d iti g apa t a d ostl o thei o. People a e ot illi g to pa o e a d Bhats ha e ot ee a le to i d a alte ai e to thei depe de. The e ha e ee e a d u h heape sou es of e te tai e t a aila le to o su e s thus the e ha e ee ajo de li e i the a t. The kaa ad though has a aged to ake a o e a k as de o ai e ite s, gits a d a eligious te ple sh i e that people ould like to keep at thei ho e. I sho t Kaa ad ake s ha e a aged to i d e o su e s hile the old o e s e e edu i g a d si e the the Kaa ad ha e sustai ed ut the Bhat a ists ha e edu ed i u e o side a l. So hile the Kaa ad atspeople eed ate io as u h as othe atspeople the do ot a o e e ui e the appellaio of safegua di g. What is la guishi g is the Kaa ad t adiio i its totalit, as a tool fo pe fo i g 92 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

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98 a ts esides ei g a sta d alo e at that is o a e e de o ai e o je t. Revival of Kaavad performing art is o pletel a o su e depe da t a i it a d th i es o the de a d f o o su e. With i e the old t adiio s ha e ee st et hed to e ou da ies a d the old e te tai e t ideas ha e faded a a. So i o de to sustai the at i its totalit e ould e o e d - Re og iio of Ka ad si ge s as pe fo i g a ists a d thei p o oio at egio al, aio al a d i te aio al le el at e e ts a d fesi als. Issui g a isa a d to e e pe fo i g a ist a d all the e eits as a e a ailed othe a isa s the sel es. Awareness is e ui ed a o g the o su e s a out the a t a d at a d ho old pe fo i g a ts a e e esse ial. Si ila to katputli o puppets, Ka ad si gi g is also a sto telli g de i e hi h has the ha a te s pai ted o the te ple sh i e. But u like puppet the a t has ot ee popula ised e ough. If people a e ade a a e of the at it ill help to i p o e the p ese t status of the Bhats. E posu e th ough fai s a d fesi als; Pe fo a es i the fai s ill allo the Bhats to k o the ide o su e s a d it a a t as a ha el fo gei g fu the o k. A o adi fesi al of all the pe fo i g a ts that takes the pe fo e s all o e I dia ill help to eate a a e ess alo g ith a a ket fo dife e t pe fo e s. Training the Bhats to o e o te po a st les of e te tai e t hile usi g thei old te h i ues. Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 97

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101 P ofessio al help ust e gi e to the si ge s to help the e ol e thei ats to o te po a st les. Ata hi g the theat e fesi al o theat e g oup to the kaa ad pe fo e s as the a e the oldest poets o si ge s. Thei a esto s goes a k to fa ous a ds of ajastha a d he e the ha e skill of pe fo a e i th u like the e age a ists. The a also e e good educators i s hools of d a a a d theat e NSD, as sto telle s. The skill that the ha e lea ed si e thei hildhood a e a sou e of i spi aio a d di e io to the a ateu pe fo i g a ists. Kaa ad Te ple sh i e a e used as a edu aio al tool i s hools, a i te esi g sto telli g de i e fo hild e ith the e itaio / si gi g of kaa ad do e the Bhats to ai tai the piet of the a t as ell as fo thei o su i al. Kaavad as a ediu of edu aio a d the edu ato ei g the ka adi a hats a help to e i e the totalit. 100 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

102 A isa s Co ta t List Kaavad Making Cha d a P akash Sha a Hi a Mag i, Se to, Plot o:, Behi d G a Ma di, Udaipu D a ika P asad Ja gid Sutha Sh ee Na a a A ts Nala Baza, To - Bassi, Dist: Chito ga h Mo ile: + - d a ika. assi@ edif ail. o Gha sha a ji Sutha Nalla Bazaa Bassi, Dist: Chito Ma gilal Mist Hi a Mag i Se to, Plot o:, Behi d G a Ma di Udaipu Na du Sha a Nala Baza, To Bassi, Dist: Chito ga h Mo ile: + - a kisa ji Sutha Nalla Bazaa Bassi, Dist: Chito Sat a Na a a Sutha Nala Cho k, Bassi, Dist: Chito ga h Mo ile: + - / + - Go i d Lal Sutha Bassi, Dist: Chito ga h Mo ile: + - / + - Sa a de i Mist Se to, Plot o:, Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 101

103 Behi d G a Ma di, Udaipu Kaavad Singing Papu a ji a Post Bo Village Ku ha a, Dist: Jodhpu Ka adi a Bhat Mo ile: + - Koja a ji a Post Bo Village Ku ha a, Dist: Jodhpu Mo ile: + - Research Methodology Diag osi Stud o La guishi g C at leadi g to spe ii e o e daio s fo its safeguarding S tu tu ed a d No -St u tu ed Quesio ai e The a e i hi h the assess e t as o du ted as ith a st u tu ed a d o -st u tu ed uesio ai e that suited the e ui e e t/u i ue ess of o te t a d pla e spe ii issues of ea h la guishi g at. This te plate allo ed fo a a al sis ithi the o te t a d eeds of ea h la guishi g at ithi the o e all o je i es. The u st u tu ed uesio s adopted is oad, lea l a d p es ipi e to allo the aptu i g of a pi tu e of a at that is i u ge t eed of safegua di g o othe ise. The lo g list of ope e ded uesio s/a eas to e ta kled ill e o : Terms of Reference.... To ide if the u e of at pe so s, thei a es, a d add ess To stud the p o le fa ed the a isa s i di iduall a d the g oup as a hole, i p a i i g the at. To stud the i te est of the a isa s i o i ui g the at t adiio To stud the ai otle e ks a d the dii ult 102 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

104 ... a eas hi h a a isa s e ou te s i p a i i g the at To stud a d gathe i fo aio hethe the at la guishi g is also p a i ed i the i i it of the a ea o outside it To stud a d a al ze e ui ed i te e io of the Go e e t iz. a iz. dife e t s he e u de i ple e taio fo de elop e t of the ha di ats se to. To stud a d suggest easu e of e i al of the la guishi g at e o d the a it of Go t. s he es. Documentation Template A out the at e t e PART I A ea a e Cluste size Map Topog aph (especially presence of local water bodies) Geog aph pa i ula l to u de sta d p o le s elai g to i f ast u tu e, the p o isio of se i es, isolaio f o a kets E i o e tal o diio s i pa i ula, a e the e egai e i pa ts f o the efe t of li ate ha ge, fo i sta e, o e egula d oughts, a d does this afe t the luste? Cli ate espe iall its i pa t of p odu io les, a aila ilit of esou es, o o sales T a spo t li ks/a essi ilit of luste iz. oad, ail a et Nea est us staio, ailhead, f e ue of vehicles) Fa iliies a aila le i a ea ou ie, postal se i es, edi al se i e, sto es he e ate ials e ui ed a e a aila le, othe sou es, etail e ues Ge de Ho is the o k a i it di ided et ee the ge de s. A e the a i iies i te - ha gea le? O a e the e ge de o, hi h est i t this, does this afe t p odu io? If o e a e p odu e s, hat a e thei do esi a a ge e ts Age: Is a i it / ole also depe da t o age of o ke? P o e Histo - Ho as the at i iiated i this egio? B ho? At hat i e? Fo e.g. the Mughal i iatu e pai i g t adiio al as fo all i iiated E pe o Hu a u ho o his etu f o e ile i Pe sia, ought ith hi 2 aste s f o the Pe sia ou t. Ea l Mughal i iatu es the efo e sha e a ha a te isi s as well as content of Persian miniatures and it was not u il the eig of Ak a, ho a i el e ou aged the inclusion of regional elements that a truly Mughal style was developed) What pat o age did the at e jo i the past (if any) Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 103

105 What a t/ a hite tu al/ pe fo i g a ts t adiio s e ist lo all? Ha e a of these i lue es the at i a espe t? Do the sha e a oifs, s olis, itual usage? Does the pate o desig ep ese t status, age, ge de, o u it et? If so, ide if the desig, a d its ea i g. Is it p edo i a tl a at luste? What othe o upaio s e ist i the a ea? A e these li ked i a a to the at? Fo e.g. the la a e t adiio of Eikopaka e ists only because tribals journeying to the South carrying lac to be sold to the jewellers of Tamil Nadu used to pause at this lo aio a d ould a te so e of their product in exchange for food) Is the t adiio o al? Do atspeople ha e a ess to do u e taio of thei o t adiio s? Does do u e taio e ist if es hose ha ds is it i? Nu e of p a i i g a ists/ households O iousl, a census like mapping is not possible but it would be very helpful if we could get a sense of how many p a iio e s e ist e e if the u e s a e e e esi ates haza ded the atspe so s PART II A e the a DCH e t es o othe asso iated go e e t o se i-go e e t i situio s i the egio eg MPHSN o ajastha State O ga isaio? A e the atspe so s o ki g ith/fo a NGOS i the egio? Whi h NGOs/ SHGs/ oope ai es a e a i e i the a ea? Ho fa is the ea est go e e t suppo t i situio? Whi h NGOs a e a i e i this a ea? This is ii al as the ould e lo g te o ito i g pa t e s Ho f e ue tl do oi e s f o go e e t suppo t i situio s isit? P o e I o de to assess a d u de sta d the lo al situaio, please p o ide a ief SWOT a al sis a out the st e gths; eak esses, a d th eats to the luste. About the tools What tools a e used? Whe e a e the sou ed f o? Ho u h do the ost? ( Do keep an eye out for i o aio s ade the atspeople su h as the bicycle pump operated dye sprayer invented by a atspe so i Ku hh to fa ilitate e e stai i g of large bolts of fabric) If the a e ade the atspe so s the sel es, ho is this do e? What a e the alled lo all please use e a ula te s a d i lude t a slaio s fo sa e I lude all tools used like d e pots, p i i g eds, ta les et i ase of p i i g. Spe if ate ials, p i es, easu e e t, f e ue of pu hase 104 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

106 Quesio a ess to go e e t fu ds/s he es fo pu hase of tools/d e ats et About the raw materials What is the ase ate ial used? Does it dife fo dife e t p odu ts Whe e a e the sou ed f o? B ho? Ho u h do the ost? A e a ate ials eadil a aila le? If ot, hat a e the halle ges fa ed i a essi g the ate ial? I hat ua it is it pu hased. What a e the i i u s Ho a e ate ials sto ed? If the ate ial is p odu ed lo all, hi h o u it p odu es it? Ha e the e ee a ha ges i the ate ial used? Whe e as it sou ed f o ea lie What p o pted the ha ge? Does a ket de a d fo heape p odu ts esult i su situio ith heape a ate ials? Ho has it i pa ted the fo /st le/ p odu t? Ca a ate ials e pu hased o edit? If es f o ho a d at hat i te est ate? Is the e a olle i e p o u e e t of ate ials o is it do e i di iduall? I ase of halle ges, hat do the ats e the sel es e o e d to i p o e the situaio? About the process Note the e i e p odu io p o ess, step step, ith a li e de o st aio, ii g do a a io s, a d, o e pla aio s, i ludi g i e f a es fo ea h step. Des i e i detail the p o ess follo ed i step- step a e ith photog aphs fo ea h stage. Des i e the p i a o k a ea a d p epa aio s, alo g ith the a ou t of i e take i ea h step. Note the desi ed output of ea h step o siste / olou /te tu e/ olu e; a d a i g sig s that the p o ess is goi g o g. At ea h stage, oss he k the se ue es of the p odu io p o ess. A e the e a spe ii stages i the te h i ue o o i aio s of te h i ues that dei ii el ha a te ise this pa i ula t adiio? What spe ial skills a e e ui ed to ake the p odu t? Does e e o e i the luste possess the skills a d e pe ise fo aki g it? Ha e the e ee a i o aio s i te h i ue? Des i e. What a e the astes asso iated ith the p o ess? Ho a e the disposed of? Ha e a alue addiio s ee ade to the p odu t? Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 105

107 Who ha e the t adiio al desig s, oifs/la outs ha ged? Is the aste atspe so espo si le? A e desig s skills passed o pa i ula o u it e e s? Note, that this a e i fo al, fo e a ple, th ough o al t adiio s. What is the t adiio al o a ula fo desig s please gi e lo al a es? Whi h is the oldest k o desig? What desig s a e asso iated ith ituals? A e desig s eadil adapted? What desig s a e fa ou ed o? Who i t odu ed the? About infrastructure Does the luste ha e ele t i it? Fo ho a hou s i the da? If ot, h is ele t i it ot a aila le? A e the e alte ai e opio s fo po e, if so, hat a e the? Do the ha e ge e ato s? What a out ate suppl? Taala s/ta ks/ ate sou e I ase of d ei g te iles, he e a e the ashed, d ed, d ied? E iste e of health a d safet sta da ds a d easu es. If o e, e ist a e the e ui ed? (For e.g. a e the o kshops ell illu i ated? Ask the a out thei health; list a health p o le s, alo g ith s pto s. List pote ial he i al, to i, ele t i al, heat, oise, a d, o e go o i haza ds. A e thei a health e t es ea? E o-f ie dl te h i ues o ate ials fo t eai g a ate ial, at p o ess, a d/o disposal of astes/ -p odu ts Whe e do the o ke s li e? If i a housi g- u - o k shed please des i e. I lude i fo aio o toilets. If the li e a a f o the o kshop a ea, ho do the o ute to o k a d ho lo g does it take to o ute? Is the e a o pute, ith a ess to i te et I fo aio Co u i aio Te h olog ICT a aila le? A e the e the k o ledge a d e pe ise to use o pute s? If so, is the e a e ail add ess fo the luste, ith a o i ated pe so ho has the skills to e ei e a d se d e ails? Do the ha e a Co o Fa ilit Ce t e? If es get all details Do the hild e go to s hool? Is the e a sho oo he e isito s o lie ts a see the te iles p odu ed? Spe if e ui e e ts fo the luste to i p o e ualit of life A out the desig, olou palete a d p odu t a ge What e e the t adiio al p odu ts ade ith this at? Does the p odu t a ge ei g eated toda dife? 106 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

108 If so, i hat a? What has aused these ha ges? Who as the usto e fo the t adiio al p odu t? A e the a spe ii p i ts, olou s, oifs asso iated ith the o u it, i othe o ds, its u i ue desig t adiio s? Des i e oifs, oth t adiio al a d o t adiio al, a st a t, a d igu ai e et. Do the ha e a do u e taio? O is e e thi g o al? What is the s olis asso iated ith the oifs used? We e the p odu ts p odu ed/ used o spe ii o asio s su h as eddi gs, deaths, ituals, fesi als et? Ha e these ee epu posed ith ha ges i the a kets ate ed to? Who is the usto e fo the u e t p odu t? Ho did the atspe so ea h this e a ket seg e t? Do the atspe so s p odu e a p odu ts fo thei o / lo al use? P o ide a list of p odu ts, alo g ith photog aphs a d des ipio s i ludi g te tu e, ualit, feel, olou, p i e, look, sizes. P o e p i es Is the e a p odu t de elop e t le that the luste follo s? Does the luste a i el desig e p odu ts? Who desig s the p odu ts? A e desig e s hi ed? A e a ists ope to o ki g ith desig e s? Is the e a ualit he k? What a e the e h a ks used the luste fo easu i g ualit? Is the p odu t desig ed ith a a e ess fo e i o e tal o e s, hu a safet, health, o fo t, a d p odu t pe fo a e? Do p odu ts o tai i fo aio o the ate ial o te t of the p odu t alo g ith a e i st u io s? Do p odu ts ha e a p odu t ide ii aio s ste that is si ple a d eas to u de sta d? What is disi t a out the p odu t? What is its U i ue Selli g P oposiio USP? P o e desig de elop e t i te e io Go t a d othe s Is the e a luste desig e appoi ted? If es, p o e A out p odu io What is the le of p odu io? Fo i sta e, is it seaso al? Ho has this ha ged f o the ethod of o igi al p odu io, if at all? Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 107

109 Whe e does p odu io take pla e? I the housi g u o k shed, i a ka kha a, at a Co o Fa ilit Ce t e/ at the Coop? Spe if Is ea h step of the p odu io o pleted i o e e t al lo aio, o a e the e uliple lo aio s? Des i e the a ist s o kpla e. Des i e the ge e al o diio s. What is the p odu io apa it of a luste / atspe so / ka kha a? What is o side ed a la ge o de? What is the i i u o de ua it to e p odu ed fo the o de to e e o o i all ia le? What is the total ua it of p odu io i a ea? What is the p oit a gi? Ho u h of this is ei ested i the usi ess? Ca o siste i ualit of output e assu ed, espe iall if la ge p odu io o de s a e e ei ed? A e the e te h ologi al i te e io s that ould e do e i p o e p odu i it? This ould take pla e at a stage of the p odu io p o ess. Does the o u it fa e o peiio f o the o ga ized/ ass p odu io a ufa tu i g e t es? Ho has this i pa ted thei usi ess? Has a Go e e t s he e helped to i p o e p odu io? A t ai i g p og a s ee o ga ized to i p o e p odu io? A out the atspe so s To de elop a u de sta di g of the halle ges, p o le s, o st ai ts a d pa a ete s ithi hi h the atspe so s ope ate a sele io of the should e i te ie ed. Is the at the t adiio al o upaio of the atspe so s fa il o is it a elai el e l a ui ed skill? If e, he as this o upaio take up a d h? If it as the t adiio al o upaio, t a e the fa il histo th ough a t ee a d e plo e a thi al/ folklo e o e ts that e plai thei a i al/ setle e t i the egio o thei i iiaio i to the at. A e the li ked to si ila at o u iies i othe pa ts of the ou t? Ha e a t ai ed ats e / o u it e e s let thei t adiio? easo h What a e so e of the p o le s that the fa e hi h i pa ts the su i al of the at, fo i sta e, a ess to a kets, o a ate ials, et? What a e the easo s fo the la guishi g at t adiio s, a d su esses a d failu es i e i al? T ai i g Ho did the i di idual lea the t ade? Who did the app e i e ith? Ho lo g did the p o ess take? A e the e e ui e e ts fo skill le els, t ai i g, a d, o de elop e t? Pe so al uesio s What are their hopes and 108 Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing

110 aspi aio s? Do the pa i o e ta? Do they own o ile pho es? Do the ha e i su a e? What is thei le el of edu aio? Do the ha e a k a ou ts? Ho a e e s i thei fa il? Ho a a e ea i g e e s? Ho a a e e plo ed i the sa e p ofessio? What a e so e of the dii ulies that ou fa e i the illage? Ca i p o e e ts, a d o, the e i al of ats help to sol e a of these p o le s? La ou elated a issue Who is hi ed? Ho is sele io u de take? Ho a o -a ists su h as the women and children of the household are i ol ed i su sidia aspe ts of the p o ess? Is the e a hie a h a o gst the o ke s i the luste? What is this ased o? Does the o ga izaio al st u tu e i i i dige ous s ste s So ial st u tu e (Does gender play a role in the at? Ho does aste featu e i the hie a h of the o kshop? What aste a e the o e s a d the o ke s? Is it a di e se populaio /g oup that pa takes i the at a i iies? T adiio all, hat aste did the o e s a d o ke s elo g to? Has the e ee a ha ge i the sa e? What is the ha ge due to? Wages What a e the o ki g hou s? Ho a days a week are the workers expected to come to o k/o the o k? Ho a holida s? What happe s i the e e t a o ke falls ill? What ages a e paid to the a ious hie a hies of o ke s? What a e the a e age o thl ea i gs of a atspe so? Does this i ease ith se io it, a d a e the e oppo tu iies fo i o e g o th? A e the su sidia workers such as the women and children of the household gi e a e u e aio? Do the e ei e dail / eekl / o thl ages? A e ages e ei ed i ash? Is the e a i e i e s ste? T adiio a d e italizaio. (What are the rituals and ceremonies associated with the making of the at p odu t? What, if a, a e e essa ituals he p epa i g the p odu t? Who o du ts the itual, ho pa i ipates, a d hat is the ea i g? What a e the ea i gs of the ituals, a d a e these ituals laid out i te ts? A e the ituals i fo al o ela o ate? A e the passed o e all, as a i ta gi le ultu al e p essio, o a e the laid out i te ts? Des i e, a d if possi le, e o d the itual. Ha e a atspeople i thei luste e ei ed a a ds? F o ho a d he? If Yes, p o e fu the - i ludi g if it has helped the o u it i Pethapu e fou d that it had di ided the o u it If o, p o e A out the a ket fo the at Who does the at ate s to? Lo al/ do esi / i te aio al a kets o etail/ e po t/ o issio work) If the a ket fo the ats is a o i aio of a ious seg e ts, a e dife e t te h i ues/st les/ p odu ts fa ou ed spe ii seg e ts? List the top selli g p odu ts Ho a e the a ious seg e ts ea hed the Languishing Crafts: Kaavad Making and Singing 109