HISTO-ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE AJUGA GENEVENSIS L. AND AJUGA REPTANS L. VEGETATIVE ORGANS. Introduction
|
|
- Sara Shields
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2012, 58, 1: ISSN: , E-ISSN: HISTO-ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE AJUGA GENEVENSIS L. AND AJUGA REPTANS L. VEGETATIVE ORGANS Georgiana GHIŢĂ 1*,2, Irina BOZ 1, Radu NECULA 2,3, Elvira GILLE 2, Maria Magdalena ZAMFIRACHE 1, Ursula STĂNESCU 3 Abstract: The paper aims to achieve a comparative study of the histo-anatomical structure of Ajuga genevensis L. and Ajuga reptans L., species known in our country for their therapeuric properties. In this respect, we analyzed the underground vegetative organs: the root and the rhizome, the aerial vegetative organs: the stem (the upper, lower and medium part), the leaf, to highlighten the possible similarities and differences that may appear in the structures of the two species. At root level, in both the species analyzed, we noticed that the passing from the primary to the secondary structure takes place early, due the cambium activity. In the rhizome structure one may notice that the central cylinder is much thicker than the bark, presenting either arches of conducting tissues or conducting solitary free-xylem fascicles. The stem conducting fascicles are of the collateral type, present in a great number and with different dimensions depending on the species analyzed. In both species studied, the stomatas are of the diacytic type, the tector hairs are uniserial multicells formed of two to seven cells, and the secretory hairs are rare being especially located in the superiour epidermis, with bi-cellular pedicel and bi- or tetra-cellular gland. Keywords: Ajuga genevensis L., Ajuga reptans L., anatomy, secretory hairs. Introduction The Ajuga L. genus comprises herbaceous plants, bi-annual or perenial, with an errect or upward stem, being found all over the world. In the flora of our country there are six Ajuga species, all herbaceous. Five are perenial plants - Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber, A. laxmanii (L.) Bentham, A. pyramidalis (L.), A. reptans (L.), A. genevensis (L.) and only one is annual - A. chamaepytis (L.) Schreber. A. reptans L., bugle (synonym Ajuga reptans Host, Bugula densiflora Ten, Teucrium reptans) is a short plant with stolons that start from the radical leaf axilla, producing vegetative multiplication. A. genevensis L. is known as blue bugleweed and has an underground stem in the form of a short, oblique rhizome, with numerous roots but without stolons (Răvăruţ, 1961; Ciocârlan, 2000; Pârvu, 2006). Both species studied contain many active principles, the plants being used especially in traditional medicine in forms of infusions or tinctures, as adjuvants in the treatment of some inflamatory, rheumatic affections, in diarrhoea, leucorrhoea and also for their hepatoprotecting and healing effects. (Bhakuni et al., 1991; Calcagno et al., 1996; Debell et al., 2005; Tomas et al., 1992). The aim of the investigation was to establish the structural similarities and differences between the two species, in relation with the biosynthetic capacity of the active principles as well as the highlighting of the intra and interspecific variability. The objectives of the histo-anatomic study were to determine the structure of the different vegetative organs. 1* Faculty of Biology, Al. I. Cuza University, Carol I 22, , Iasi. georgiana.ghita@yahoo.com (corresponding author) 2 NIRDBS/ Stejarul Biological Research Centre, Alexandru cel Bun 6, , Piatra Neamt, Neamt 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, , Iasi
2 Materials and methods The vegetal material is represented by the two Ajuga species (A. genevensis and A. reptans) harvested in the stage of anthesis in different slightly anthropic areals from the Botosani County (A. genevensis, the de Draslea populations and A. reptans the de Guranda population), on May, 14 th The fixation and preservation of the fresh vegetal material was made in 70% ethylic alcohol. The cross-sectioning was manually performed with a microtom and a botanical razor, on a support of elder tree pith. The obtained cross-sections were submitted to a discolouration process using sodium hypochlorite for minutes, then washed with acetic water and distilled water. The sections were coloured with green iodine and red ruthenium and mounted in gel (glycerogelatine). The preparations were photographed by means of photonic microscope NOVEX (HOLLAND), with a Canon A95 photo-digital camera. Results and discussions The root The passing over from the primary to the secondary structure is rather early at the level of the central cylinder, the proof being the wooden massif formed both of elements of primary xylem and of elements resulted from the early activity of the cambium; the liberian tissue, partly of secondary origin, too, is quantitatively reduced and fragmented from place to place into medular rays. The rhizoderm has isodiametric cells with thin celulose walls. From place to place, the rhizoderm exfoliates, cell left-overs that formed the adsorbant hairs being noticed. The cortex is thick (13-15 layer), of meatic type, its exteriour layer having cells with the walls moderately colenchymatized. The exoderm is of the primary type, the cells having visible Caspary thickenings in the radial walls. The central cylinder, greatly thinner than the bark, has tangentially prolongued cells of the pericycle, and the phloem and the secondary xylem are fragmenteed by some large medular rays, parenchymatically cellulosed, that goes to the limit of the primary wood. The pith is parenchymatic-lignified and the component cells have maderately thickened walls. The rhizome A. genevensis has a secondary structure characterized only by the central cylinder, visibly thicker than the bark. The epidermis presents isodiametric cells, but of different sizes, with an external wall slightly more thickened than the others. The cortex is relatively thick (8 layers), the cell sizes increasing from the exterior to the interior of the area. The endoderm is of the primary type, with cells of different sizes, slightly radially prolongued, with casparian thickening visible in the lateral walls. The central cylinder is devided by two very large parenchymatic rays, in the thickness of which one may notice very few elements with thickened and lignified walls: some represent vessels, others libriform fibres. At the edge of these xylem elements, the medular rays have parenchymatic cells with a strictly radial disposition. The 2 great arches of conducting tissues, with a face to face disposition, have between them a relatively thick pith, parenchymatic-cellulosed, of the meatus type; in the pith, part of the cells get disorganized, resulting in an air cavity of irregular outline. 12
3 In case of A. reptans, the plan of the general structure is the one mentioned for A. genevensis, with the difference that on the basis of a differentiated phellogen in hypodermic position a thin subarea was already formed, which exfoliates from place to place. Another differentiating element is the presence in the thickness of the bark of some solitary vascular bundles. Likewise, we noticed that in case of this species the secondary wood is much thicker, with many vessels on the unit surface, separated by libriform fibres; in the thickness of the wood there are visible 2-3 areas in which parenchymatic-cellulosed cells appear, fact that leaves the impression of a number of annual areas that mark the age of the rhizome. The stem For A. genevensis, at the level of the superior third of the stem, the cross section outline is square shaped, with very prominent ribs, while for A. reptans the cross section outline at this level is circular, modified by two pairs of overlaped ribs that limit each a large and superficial ditch. The epidermis presents isodiametric cells, with the external wall slightly thicker than the others and covered by a thin cuticle. From place to place there are multicellular uniserial tector hairs, formed of 2 to 7 cells, the ultimate one being greater and with a sharp tip. The frequency of these hairs is higher between the ribs for A. genevensis. Besides the tector hairs, we also found secretory hairs, greater than the firs, very short, with unicellular pedicel and a gland often bicellular. The bark is thick (11-13 layers), parenchymatic-cellulosed, of the meatus type, the size of the cells growing towards the centre of the area and decreasing close to the central cylinder. The bark/cortex does not end in a special type of endoderma. For A. genevensis the central cylinder is very thick and comprizes: conducting fascicles, perimedular area and a very wide central air cavity. The fascicles of the colateral type, in great numbers (approx. 25), have different dimensions, the greatest being located near the ribs. The greatest fascicles, as well as the intermediary ones, are of the open colateral type with a multistratified meristematic area, having the cells disposed in radial series. At the outskirts of these fascicles there is a relatively thin belt/ring of mechanical elements with the walls evenly thickened, but cellulosed. In the structure of these fascicles the phloem is thinner and formed of sieved tubes and companion cells, and the xylem, visibly thicker, presents solitary vessels, or more often disposed in radial lines, all having thickened and lignified walls, separated by few wooden parenchymatic-cellulosed cells, at the level of the protoxylem the vessels having a much smaller diameter and are separated by many wood parenchymatic cells. Compared to A. genevensis, A. reptans has the majority of the conducting fascicles great alternating with few small fascicles, all disposed in a circle. At the level of the middle third, for A. genevensis the outline of the cross section is square shaped, with mitigated ribs. One may notice that the hairs are less numerous on the surface unit, the number of conducting fascicles is greater, they are closer so that the wood forms a continuous area, but obviously of different thickness. The external elements of the wood in the great fascicles are of secondary origins, the vessels being separated by libriform fibres, while the primary wooden vessels are separated by many parenchymaticcellulosed cells, and the central air cavity is much wider. 13
4 In case of A. reptans, at the level of the middle third the structure is similar to that of the previously analyzed level. Regarding A. genevensis, at the level of the inferior third, the outline of the cross section becomes almost eliptical, the ribs being much mitigated. Compared to the middle level, the structure differs by the rarity of the tector and secretory hairs, the lignification of the periphloemic rings and the sclerification and lignification of the medular rays at the wooden level. For A. reptans, at the level of the inferior third, the rings of the periphloemic elements do not have sclerified elements but only slightly lignified here and there, the wooden ring is thicker with visible elements of secondary origin in the great fascicles, the central parenchym is partially disorganized, resulting at least 2 air cavities, of different sizes and irregular outline. The frequency of the secretory hairs remains constant to the stem basis. The leaf The epidermis seen from the front: is formed of cells of an irregular polygobal outline, with waved lateral walls, the ondulations having a greater amplitude compared to the superiour part of the limb. The stomata of the diacytic type are present in both epidermis, so the limb is amfistomatic. From place to place one may notice tector and scretory hairs, having the general structure similar to those described in case of the stem. In the cross section, for A. genevensis, the median nervure is strongly prominent in the inferior face of the limb, and in the superior face there is a visible but superficial ditch. On the median nervure, the inferior epidermic cells have the external wall extremely thick and covered by a thicker cuticle. In the homogenuous parenchym, greatly colourless, of the median nervure, one may notice conducting fascicle of the colateral type; in its structure there are the same tissues as those mentioned when we made reference to the fascicle structure of the stem with a primary structure. In both epidermis, especially in the inferior one, there are prominent stomata visible over the protecting tissue level. The epidermic cells of both the epidermis have thin walls, only the exterior one is covered by a very thin cuticle. The tector and the secretory hairs are very rare, the later being located especially in the superior epidermis from the median nervure, they are short, with bi-cellular pedicel, and the gland bi- or tetracellular. Between the lateral nervures with much smaller conducting fascicles and surrounded by a colourless parenchymatic sheath, the mesophyll is differentiated into palisade tissue on the superior face and spongy tissue on the inferior one, so the limb has a bifacialheterofacial structure (dorsoventral). The palisade tissue, often three-layerd, occupy approximately 60% of the mesophyll thickness; the spongy tissue has isodiametric cells or slightly branched, leaving great air spaces among them. For A. reptans, the medium nervure is slightly prominent on the inferior face, the epidermic cells have the external wall slightly thickened and covered by a thin cuticle, and in the fundamental parenchym there is a single conducting fascicle with little phloem and xylem. Between the lateral nervures, the epidermic cells are greater on the superior face of the limb, and the mesophyll is differentiated in stratified palisade tissue with low cells on the superior face and pluristratified spongy tissue with great air spaces among the cells of 14
5 the inferior face; thus, in this case too, the limb has a bifacial heterofacial structure (dorsoventral). Conclusions Our studies highlighted many histo-anatomical similarities, and differences, between the two analyzed Ajuga species. Thus, we noticed that, regarding the structure of the root and rhizome, there are no significant differences between the two species. One may notice that at the level of the stem the cross section ouline is square shaped for A. genevensis and circular in case of A. reptans. In both cases we found both tector hairs, formed of two to seven cells, and secretory hairs with unicllular pedicel and with a mostly bicellular gland. In case of the A. reptans, at the level of the stem, the most conducting fascicles are great alternating with small ones, all disposed on a circle, compared to A. genevensis. At the level of the leaf, the stomata are of the diacytic type present in both epidermis, both for A. genevensis and A. reptans, thus, the limb is amfistomatic. In both the analyzed species, the mesophyll is differentiated in the palisade tissue on the superior face and spongy on the inferior face, thus, the limb presents a bifacialheterofacial structure (dorsoventral). Acknowledgements This paper was published with support provided by the POSDRU project Developing the innovation capacity and improving the impact of research through postdoctoral programmes POSDRU/89/1.5/S/ REFERENCES Bhakuni, R.S., Shukla, Y.N., Thakur, R.S., Chemical constituents of Ajuga bracteosa. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 49: Calcagno, M.-P., Camps, F., Coll, J., Melé, E., Sánchez-Baeza, F., New phytoecdysteroids from roots of Ajuga reptans varieties. Tetrahedron 52: Ciocârlan, V., Flora ilustrată a României. Edit. Ceres, Bucureşti. Debell, A., Makonnen, E., Zerihun, L., Abebe, D., Teka, F., In vivo antipyretic studies of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Ajuga remota and Lippia adoensis. Ethiop. Med. J. 43, 2: Pârvu, C., Universul Plantelor, ed. a IV-a. Edit. ASAB, Bucuresti. Răvăruţ, M., Ajuga L., in: Săvulescu, T. (Ed.). Flora Republicii Populare Române, VIII. Edit. Acad. R.P.R.: Tomas, J., Camps, F., Claveria, E., Coll, J., Melé, E., Messenguer, J., Composition and location of phytoecdysteroids in Ajuga reptans in vivo and in vitro cultures. Phytochemistry 31, 5:
6 Explanation of the plates: Plate I: Cross section of the vegetative organs of Ajuga genevensis L. Fig. 1. (x100 µm) Fig. 2. (x300 µm) Fig. 3. (x100 µm) Fig. 4. (x200 µm) Fig. 5. (x100 µm) Fig. 6. (x400 µm) Fig. 7. (x100 µm) Fig. 8. (x200 µm) Fig. 9. (x200 µm) Fig. 10. (x400 µm) Fig. 11. (x100 µm) Fig. 12. (x400 µm) Fig. 13. (x200 µm) Fig. 14. (x200 µm) Fig. 15. (x400 µm) Fig. 16. (x400 µm) Cross section through the root Cross section through the root detail Cross section through the rhizome Cross section through the rhizome detail Cross section through the stem aerial superior third Cross section through the stem aerial superior third, detail Cross section through the stem aerial middle third Cross section through the stem aerial middle third, detail Cross section through the stem aerial third inferior Cross section through the stem aerial third inferior, detail Cross section through the leaf Cross section through the leaf detail Cross section through the leaf seen from the front of the superior epidermis Cross section through the leaf seen from the front of the inferior epidermis Secretory hairs the leaf Secretory hairs the middle stem Plate II: Plate I: Cross section of the vegetative organs of Ajuga reptans L. Fig. 17. (x100 µm) Fig. 18. (x400 µm) Fig. 19. (x100 µm) Fig. 20. (x200 µm) Fig. 21. (x100 µm) Fig. 22. (x200 µm) Fig. 23. (x100 µm) Fig. 24. (x400 µm) Fig. 25. (x100 µm) Fig. 26. (x200 µm) Fig. 27. (x100 µm) Fig. 28. (x400 µm) Fig. 29. (x400 µm) Fig. 30. (x400 µm) Fig. 31. (x400 µm) Fig. 32. (x400 µm) Cross section through the root Cross section through the root detail Cross section through the rhizome Cross section through the rhizome detail Cross section through the stem aerial superior third Cross section through the stem aerial superior third, detail Cross section through the stem aerial middle third Cross section through the stem aerial middle third, detail Cross section through the stem aerial third inferior Cross section through the stem aerial third inferior, detail Cross section through the leaf Cross section through the leaf detail Cross section through the leaf seen from the front of the superior epidermis Cross section through the leaf seen from the front of the inferior epidermis Secretory hairs the middle stem Secretory hairs the inferior stem 16
7 Ghiţă, G. et al., 2012/ An. Stiint. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iasi, Sect. II a. Biol. veget., 58, 1: PLATE I Fig.1. Fig.2. Fig.3. Fig.4. Fig.5. Fig.6. Fig.7. Fig.8. Fig.9. Fig.10. Fig.11. Fig.12. Fig.13. Fig.14. Fig.15. Fig
8 Ghiţă, G. et al., 2012/ An. Stiint. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iasi, Sect. II a. Biol. veget., 58, 1: PLATE II Fig.17. Fig.18. Fig.19. Fig.20. Fig.21. Fig.22. Fig.23. Fig.24. Fig.25 Fig.26. Fig.27. Fig.28. Fig.29. Fig.30. Fig.31. Fig
Irina Berciu *, Constantin Toma Department of Biology, Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi
HISTO-ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF THYMUS DACICUS BORB. AND THYMUS GLABBRESCENS WILLD. Irina Berciu *, Constantin Toma Department of Biology, Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi * Correspondence:
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING THE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE APPARATUS IN TWO OCIMUM BASILICUM L. BREEDS.
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIV, fasc. 2, s.ii a. Biologie vegetală, 2008 A COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING THE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE APPARATUS IN TWO OCIMUM
More informationVisit For All NCERT solutions, CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12. Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS POINTS TO REMEMBER Anatomy : Anatomy is the study of internal structure of organisms. Plant anatomy includes organisation and structure of tissues. Tissue : A group
More informationHISTO-ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS REFERRING TO SOME MELAMPYRUM SPECIES
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LV, fasc. 2, s.ii a. Biologie vegetală, 2009 HISTO-ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS REFERRING TO SOME MELAMPYRUM SPECIES ASPAZIA BĂEŞU *, C. TOMA **,
More informationTHE LEAF STRUCTURE OF SOME NEPENTHES DANSER SPECIES IRINA STĂNESCU, C. TOMA. Introduction
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIV, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2008 THE LEAF STRUCTURE OF SOME NEPENTHES DANSER SPECIES IRINA STĂNESCU, C. TOMA Abstract: The authors
More informationCOMPARATIVE HISTO-ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SEDUM TELEPHIUM L. SSP. MAXIMUM (L.) KROCK. IN VITRO AND FROM NATURE
ARDELEAN MIRELA, STĂNESCU IRINA, CACHIŢĂ-COSMA DORINA J. Plant Develop. 16 (2009): 3 8 COMPARATIVE HISTO-ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SEDUM TELEPHIUM L. SSP. MAXIMUM (L.) KROCK. IN VITRO
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants. K C Meena PGT Biology
Anatomy of Flowering Plants K C Meena PGT Biology Tissues A group of similar cells performing same function. Types of plant tissues - Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues Have
More informationCONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE LEAF HISTO-ANATOMY OF SOME PELARGONIUM SPECIES
Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat., Iaşi 2013 vol. 117, no. 3 PHARMACY ORIGINAL PAPERS CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE LEAF HISTO-ANATOMY OF SOME PELARGONIUM SPECIES Cristina Elena Iancu, Oana Cioanca, Cornelia
More informationQuestion 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark the regions where active cell division and rapid division
More informationClass XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology
Class XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology Question 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark
More informationTHE SPECIE PARIETARIA LUSITANICA L., CAULINE AND FOLIAR HISTOANATOMICAL STUDY Mariana Arcuş, Gabriela Lilios, Emanuela Gheorma, Corina Moromete
THE SPECIE PARIETARIA LUSITANICA L., CAULINE AND FOLIAR HISTOANATOMICAL STUDY Mariana Arcuş, Gabriela Lilios, Emanuela Gheorma, Corina Moromete OVIDIUS CONSTANŢA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY Summary
More informationNOTES ON THE MORPHO-ANATOMY OF ACONITUM DEGENII GAYER. Introduction
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LV, fasc. 2, s.ii a. Biologie vegetală, 2009 NOTES ON THE MORPHO-ANATOMY OF ACONITUM DEGENII GAYER IRINA STĂNESCU *, C. MARDARI *, C. TĂNASE
More informationExercise 12. Procedure. Aim: To study anatomy of stem and root of monocots and dicots.
Aim: To study anatomy of stem and root of monocots and dicots. Principle: The study of internal morphology, i.e., cells of various tissues in an organ of a living body is called Anatomy. Tissue, which
More informationTopic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Fig. 35.8 Plant Cells pp.798-802 Types of plant cells Include:
More informationUNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
6.1 Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with common function, structures or both. In plants we can find 2 types of tissues: Meristem Permanent tissues Meristem is found in regions with continuous
More informationPlant Structure. Lab Exercise 24. Objectives. Introduction
Lab Exercise Plant Structure Objectives - Be able to identify plant organs and give their functions. - Learn distinguishing characteristics between monocot and dicot plants. - Understand the anatomy of
More informationANATOMY OF PLANTS Introduction: The study of gross internal structure of plant organs by the technique of section cutting is called plant anatomy.
ANATOMY OF PLANTS Introduction: The study of gross internal structure of plant organs by the technique of section cutting is called plant anatomy. (Pandey, 2002). Various plant organ viz. root, stem, leaves,
More informationChapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Plant Organization Plant morphology is based on plant s evolutionary history Need to draw in nutrients from the ground and the air Plant Organs Root system = roots
More informationPlant Anatomy and Tissue Structures
Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures The Two Major Plant Systems Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Angiosperm plants have threse major organs: Roots Stems Leaves & Flowers Terminal
More informationDownloaded from
POINTS TO REMEMBER : 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants Study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. In plants cells are the basic unit. Cells organized into tissues and tissues organized into organs.
More informationCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTO-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. LEAVES TREATED WITH THIOPHANATE METHYL (TOPSIN M) Introduction
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIV, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2008 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTO-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. LEAVES TREATED WITH
More informationHISTO-ANATOMICAL LESS KNOW ASPECTS UPON SOME LAMIACEAE TAXA CAMELIA IFRIM *, IRINA TOMA ** Introduction. Material and method
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2004 HISTO-ANATOMICAL LESS KNOW ASPECTS UPON SOME LAMIACEAE TAXA CAMELIA IFRIM *, IRINA TOMA ** Abstract: The
More informationCOMPARATIVE HISTO-ANATOMY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TWO AJUGA SPECIES FROM THE ROMANIAN FLORA. Introduction
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LV, fasc. 2, s.ii a. Biologie vegetală, 2009 COMPARATIVE HISTO-ANATOMY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TWO AJUGA SPECIES FROM THE ROMANIAN FLORA
More informationPLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014
PLANT TISSUES 12 MARCH 2014 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Identify the different types of plant tissue Be able to relate the different structures with the different functions Plant Tissue Summary
More informationRODICA RUGINĂ, C. TOMA
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIII, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2007 HISTO-ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF SOME LONICERA L. SPECIES RODICA RUGINĂ, C. TOMA Abstract. The authors investigate
More informationPhytochemical resources on Thymus stojanovii degen. Species (labiatae)
Phytochemical resources on Thymus stojanovii degen. Species (labiatae) M. ARCUŞ, V. SCHRÖDER Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University, Romania, Constanta *Corresponding author Arcus Mariana Ovidius University
More informationChapter 29: Plant Tissues
Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Shoots and Roots Shoots (Leaves and Stem) Produce food by photosynthesis Carry out reproductive functions Roots Anchor the plant Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved
More informationPlants. Tissues, Organs, and Systems
Plants Tissues, Organs, and Systems Meristematic cells Specialized cells that are responsible for producing specialized cells, they produce three types of tissue in the body of a plant. Meristematic Cells
More information2/25/2013. o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS ROOTS
o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS o Roots o Stems o Leaves ROOTS o Anchor plant o Absorb water and minerals
More informationPlants. Plant Form and Function. Tissue Systems 6/4/2012. Chapter 17. Herbaceous (nonwoody) Woody. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups:
Monocots Dicots 6/4/2012 Plants Plant Form and Function Chapter 17 Herbaceous (nonwoody) In temperate climates, aerial parts die back Woody In temperate climates, aerial parts persist The Plant Body Functions
More informationA group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues A group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function. Types of Tissue: There are two main types of plant tissues,
More informationCONSIDERATIONS UPON THE ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF SOME TAXA OF TRADESCANTIA GENERA
Buletinul Grădinii Botanice Iaşi Tomul 14, 2007 CONSIDERATIONS UPON THE ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF SOME TAXA OF TRADESCANTIA GENERA IFRIM CAMELIA Abstract: The structure of two taxa of the Tradescantia genre
More informationPlant Organization. Learning Objectives. Angiosperm Tissues. Angiosperm Body Plan
Plant Organization Learning Objectives 1. List and give the major function of the three main types of plant tissues 2. Identify a monocot verses a eudicot plant by observing either root, stem, leaf, or
More informationChapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth What part of a plant is represented by each of these: Carrot Celery Red Pepper Tomato Lettuce Garbanzo Bean Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: Roots (root
More informationVEGETATIVE ANATOMY OF TWO GALIUM L. SPECIES (RUBIACEAE) Introduction
Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LIV, fasc. 2, s.ii a. Biologie vegetală, 2008 VEGETATIVE ANATOMY OF TWO GALIUM L. SPECIES (RUBIACEAE) ANCA HEMCINSCHI *, RAMONA GALEŞ **, C.
More informationPlant Structure. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:
Name: 3.2 Organisation and the Vascular Structures 3.2.1 Flowering plant structure and root structure Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Label a diagram of the external
More informationLecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions
Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. The perception of gravity by a root is thought to take place in a) root hairs b) the region
More informationThe Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1
The Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1 Shoot System The shoot system comprises the leaves and stems of plants. Leaves are located at nodes on the stem; the distance along the stem between nodes is
More informationChapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves
Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves I. Specialized tissue in plants - effective way to ensure the plant s survival A. Seed plant structure 1. Roots - a. Absorbs water and dissolves nutrients b. anchors
More informationANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Finish Line & Beyond The Tissues The Tissue System Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants Secondary Growth THE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common
More informationPlant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves
Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is
More informationTHE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function. Tissues. Parenchyma
1 CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Study of internal structure of plants is called anatomy. Plants have cells as the basic unit, cells are organised into tissues and in turn the tissues are organised
More informationPlant Structure And Growth
Plant Structure And Growth The Plant Body is Composed of Cells and Tissues Tissue systems (Like Organs) made up of tissues Made up of cells Plant Tissue Systems Ground Tissue System Ø photosynthesis Ø
More informationPlant Tissues and Organs. Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics , ,
Plant Tissues and Organs Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4 Objectives: List and describe the major plant organs their structure and function List and describe the major types of plant
More informationThe three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves.
23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. 1 of 34 23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure Roots: absorb
More informationSTEMS Anytime you use something made of wood, you re using something made from the stem of a plant. Stems are linear structures with attached leaves
STEMS OUTLINE External Form of a Woody Twig Stem Origin and Development Stem Tissue Patterns Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems Woody Dicotyledonous Stems Monocotyledonous Stems Specialized Stems Wood and
More informationName: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of )
Name: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of ) Introduction: Plants have a variety of configurations but the same basic structures. The three main parts of a plant are the roots, stems, and leaves. The tracheids
More informationPlant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves
Plant Anatomy: roots, stems and leaves The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues and cells Plants, like animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which are composed of cells. Tissue is
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationTARGET STUDY MATERIAL
TARGET STUDY MATERIAL Plus-1 Botany VOL I TARGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Target Educational institution is the one and only Entrance coaching and CBSE 10 th coaching centre at Mukkam with advanced technologies
More informationToday: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31
Next few lectures are on plant form and function Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31 Outline Plant structure I. Plant Cells structure & different types II. Types of meristems Apical meristems:
More informationAngiosperms: Dicotyledons
Angiosperms: Dicotyledons This section contains anatomical descriptions of stem and twig xylem, as well as the bark and pith regions of 244 dicotyledonous species belonging to 61 families. Angiosperms:
More informationSESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1
SESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1 KEY CONCEPTS In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about: - Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Root and stem: distribution
More informationPrimary Internal structure & Normal Secondary growth in Sunflower stem
Primary Internal structure & Normal Secondary growth in Sunflower stem B. Sc. II - Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Willingdon College, Sangli. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com.
More informationNon Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue
PLANT TISSUES Non Permanent Tissues - Meristematic Tissue Undifferentiated plant cells that are continually dividing by mitosis Large thin walled cells No vacuole Dense cytoplasm Large nucleus Found at
More informationForms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds. Much of the inside of nonwoody parts of plants. Includes roots, stems, and leaves
Biology II Vascular plants have 3 tissue systems: Dermal Protective outer layer of plant Vascular Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds Ground Much of the inside of nonwoody
More informationThe Anatomical Study of the Stem at Two Gymnosperme Species (Cryptomeria japonica Don, Ginkgo biloba L.)
Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 66(1)/2009 Print ISSN 1843-5254; Electronic ISSN 1843-5394 The Anatomical Study of the Stem at Two Gymnosperme Species (Cryptomeria japonica Don, Ginkgo biloba L.) Ion STAN
More informationHistology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features: a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered
More informationSecondary growth in stems
Secondary growth in stems Secondary growth Some of the meristematic cells in plants with secondary growth keep their meristematic state and become cells of the cambium. The addition of secondary vascular
More information(A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes
AP Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. What are hair-like outgrowths that protect and absorb nutrients? Question #01 (A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D)
More informationBio Factsheet. Transport in Plants. Number 342
Number 342 Transport in Plants This Factsheet: Explains why plants need a transport system Describes what plants transport Describes the tissues which carry out transport Outlines the position of the xylem
More information-Each asexual organs. -Anchors the plant -Absorbs water and minerals -Stores sugars and starches
Plants are made up of: -organs, tissues, and cells The three major plant organs are: -Roots, stems, and leaves -Each asexual organs Plants have a Root System beneath the ground that us a multicellular
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 27 27 CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A transverse section of stem is stained first with safranin and then with fast green following the usual
More informationChapter 28 Active Reading Guide Plant Structure and Growth
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 28 Active Reading Guide Plant Structure and Growth In this unit on plants, the challenge for students will be to learn the new vocabulary. As we work through this unit,
More informationNOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth
NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth In their evolutionary journey, plants adapted to the problems of a terrestrial existence as they moved from water to land ANGIOSPERMS (flowering plants) -most diverse
More information2.1 PLANT TISSUE HALIMAHTUN SAEDIAH BT ABU BAKAR KOLEJ TEKNOLOGI TIMUR
2.1 PLANT TISSUE HALIMAHTUN SAEDIAH BT ABU BAKAR KOLEJ TEKNOLOGI TIMUR GENERAL Plant cell are differentiated possessing structural adaptations that make specific functions possible. Modifications of cell
More informationStems and Transport in Vascular Plants. Herbaceous Stems. Herbaceous Dicot Stem 3/12/2012. Chapter 34. Basic Tissues in Herbaceous Stems.
Bud scale Terminal bud Stems and Transport in Plants One year's growth Terminal bud scale scars Axillary bud Leaf scar Node Internode Node Chapter 34 Lenticels Terminal bud scale scars Bundle scars A Woody
More informationROOTS. Syllabus Theme A Plant Structure and Function. Root systems. Primary Growth of Roots. Taproot system. Fibrous root system.
Syllabus Theme A lant Structure and Function A2: Structure and function of the basic plant organs ampbell & Reece hap. 35 Selected page numbers ROOTS Functions Anchors the vascular plant Absorbs minerals
More informationtree of life phylogeny morphology gram stain chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms Bacteria
tree of life chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms phylogeny key lineages of prokaryotes Domain Archaea (sister to eukarya) 3 clades defined by genetic characters Domain Bacteria Firmicutes Spirochaetes
More informationtree of life phylogeny gram stain morphology chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms Bacteria
tree of life chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms phylogeny key lineages of prokaryotes Domain Archaea (sister to eukarya) 3 clades defined by genetic characters Domain Bacteria Firmicutes Spirochaetes
More informationPlant Organs. Roots & Stems
Plant Organs Roots & Stems I. Roots A. F(x)s = grow underground 1. Absorb water & nutrients from soil 2. Anchor plant in the soil 3. Make hormones important for growth & development I. Roots B. Structure
More informationPlant Structure and Function Extension
Plant Structure and Function Extension NGSSS: SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. (AA) Part 1A: Leaves The leaf of a plant serves
More informationPlant Structure, Growth, and Development
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationFrom smallest to largest plants
Plant anatomy From smallest to largest plants What is plant anatomy? ANATOMY: study of the structure of organisms looking at cells, tissues How can water move from the ground all the way to the top of
More informationPHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III.
PHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III. VASCULAR TISSUES VASCULAR TISSUES Xylem transporting water and mineral substances from the root upwards to other plant organs Phloem carries photosynthetic
More informationII. SIMPLE TISSUES Bot 404--Fall A. Introduction to Tissues (DIAGRAM allow a full page)
II. SIMPLE TISSUES Bot 404--Fall 2004 A. Introduction to Tissues (DIAGRAM allow a full page) B. Definitions Adaxial = facing the axil; upper surface of leaf Abaxial = facing away from the axil; lower surface
More informationPlant Structure and Function. Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Plant Structure and Function Roots, Stems, and Leaves What is a Plant? Plants are living things that have: roots, stems, and leaves (some have flowers) Plants are made of cells that have cell walls, a
More informationPlant Anatomy Lab 7 - Stems II
Plant Anatomy Lab 7 - Stems II This exercise continues the previous lab in studying primary growth in the stem. We will be looking at stems from a number of different plant species, and emphasize (1) the
More informationLab Exercise 4: Primary Growth and Tissues in Stems
Lab Exercise 4: Primary Growth and Tissues in Stems Tissues of the plant body can be classified in a variety of ways: functionally (based on the tissue function, e.g. vascular tissue ), morphologically
More informationTHE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXIV JULY, 1924 No.. 4 THE VASCULAR ANATOMY OF CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA.* ERNEST LINCOLN STOVER Eastern Illinois State Teachers' College The present study of the anatomy
More informationAnatomy of dicotyledonous plants
Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons All plants are classified as producing seeds or not producing seeds. Those that produce seeds are divided into flowering
More informationHonors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function
3 Basic types of plant cells Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 1) Parenchyma cells- loosely packed or cells with a and thin, Involved in metabolic functions 2) Collenchyma cells- thicker
More informationStems BI 103: Plant & Animal A & P. Learning Objectives
Stems BI 103: Plant & Animal A & P Outline: 1. Stems: monocots vs dicots--handout 2. Woody plant growth 3. Discussion problems 4. Monocots & soutside Learning Objectives What are the differences between
More informationThe Plant body has a hierarch of organs, tissues, and cells. [2]
GUIDED READING - Ch. 35 PLANT STRUCTURE NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,
More informationTransport of substances in plants
Transport of substances in plants We have already looked at why many organisms need transport systems with special reference to surface area and volume. The larger the volume : surface area ratio, the
More informationBiology 2 Chapter 21 Review
Biology 2 Chapter 21 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants? a. vascular
More informationPlant Structure and Function (Ch. 23)
Plant Structure and Function (Ch. 23) Basic plant anatomy 1 root root tip root hairs Roots Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food fibrous roots (1) mat of thin roots that spread
More information23 Structure of Flowering Plants
23 Structure of Flowering Plants Flowering plants first evolved around 125 million years ago. www.mrcbiology.com 1 23 Structure of Flowering Plants www.mrcbiology.com 2 24 Structure of Flowering Plants
More informationBotany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points
Botany Physiology Name C/By Due Date Code Period Earned Points Bot Phys 5N5 Stem Forms Bot Phys 5-05 Identify the major forms of stems in plants I. Identify the major forms of stems in plants A. internal
More informationPage 1. Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant):
Chapter 43: Plant Form and Function Gross Anatomy of a typical plant (Angiosperm = Flowering Plant): Root System Anchor plant Absorb water / nutrients Store surplus sugars Transport materials from / to
More informationMORPHO-ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS UPON THE SHOOT OF SOME ROSA L. CULTIVARS FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN OF IASI (1 ST NOTE)
DELINSCHI VIOLETA, STĂNESCU IRINA, MIHALACHE MIHAELA, ADUMITRESEI LIDIA J. Plant Develop. 16 (2009):9 16 MORPHO-ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS UPON THE SHOOT OF SOME ROSA L. CULTIVARS FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN
More information! Xylem - Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by the roots.
+ Complex Tissues! Complex tissues are made up of two or more cell types.! Xylem - Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by the roots.! Vessels - Made of vessel elements.! Long tubes
More informationRoots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals in solution. A germinating seed radicle becomes the first root. Four zones, or regions, of young
Roots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals in solution. A germinating seed radicle becomes the first root. Four zones, or regions, of young roots are recognized: (1) A protective root cap that also
More informationEffects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem
California Avocado Association 1935 Yearbook 20: 125-129 Effects of Sun-Blotch on the Anatomy of the Avocado Stem Charles A. Schroeder Because of the comparatively recent discovery of the avocado disease
More informationFACTS REGARDING THE PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PLANT Parietaria Lusitanica L.
Studii şi Cercetări Ştiinţifice Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Biotehnologii, Industrie Alimentară Scientific Study & Research Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry 2011, 12 (2),
More informationLEAF STRUCTURE AND PLANT TISSUE LAB
Name Period LEAF STRUCTURE AND PLANT TISSUE LAB Objectives: Use this lab handout and your textbook (Campbell, Chapter 35) to familiarize yourself with the different cell and tissue types found in plant
More informationRecap. Waxy layer which protects the plant & conserves water. Contains chloroplasts: Specialized for light absorption.
Recap Contains chloroplasts: Specialized for light absorption Waxy layer which protects the plant & conserves water mesophyll Layer contains air spaces: Specialized for gas exchange Vascular Tissue Exchange
More informationRoots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems?
STEMS Roots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems? Stem functions 1. Support leaves 2. Conductance (connect root and leaf vasculature) 3. Storage (some
More informationHomework for Monday: Correct potometer questions Complete transport in plants worksheet
Transport in plants Homework for Monday: Correct potometer questions Complete transport in plants worksheet Transpiration the loss of water from a plant through evaporation Did you know? A 15m maple tree
More information