Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China during
|
|
- Anastasia Goodwin
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 4(1): 1 11, DOI: /SP.J SPECIAL TOPIC ON REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE Editor s notes: The Working Group (WG) Reports and Synthesis Report of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) will be completed in 2013/2014. In order to address climate change, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has launched climate change assessment reports since August 2008 for East China, South China, Central China, North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, Southwest China, and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. This is the first effort addressing climate change at a regional scale in China and among the first efforts globally. In order to ensure the quality of the report, CMA has organized hundreds of experts from CMA, colleges and universities, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and used a workflow similar to that of the IPCC AR5. The methods of field observation, data analysis, forecasting models and literature review have been used in these reports. Until now, eight regional assessment reports are being published. This journal will continuously publish the studies in three repeating sessions: climate change facts, impact assessment and adaptation, and mitigation, in order to provide the readers with this reference. Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China during DU Yao-Dong 1, AI Hui 1, DUAN Hai-Lai 1, HU Ya-Min 1, WANG Xian-Wei 2, HE Jian 1, WU Hong-Yu 1, WU Xiao-Xuan 1 1 Regional Climate Center of South China, Guangzhou , China 2 Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis, School of Geography and Planning/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou , China Abstract Daily climate data at 110 stations during were selected to examine the changing characteristics of climate factors and extreme climate events in South China. The annual mean surface air temperature has increased significantly by 0.16 C per decade, most notably in the Pearl River Delta and in winter. The increase rate of the annual extreme minimum temperature (0.48 C per decade) is over twice that of the annual extreme maximum temperature (0.20 C per decade), and the increase of the mean temperature is mainly the result of the increase of the extreme minimum temperature. The increase rate of high-temperature days (1.1 d per decade) is close to the decrease rate of low-temperature days ( 1.3 d per decade). The rainfall has not shown any significant trend, but the number of rainy days has decreased and the rain intensity has increased. The regional mean sunshine duration has a significant decreasing trend of 40.9 h per decade, and the number of hazy days has a significant increasing trend of 6.3 d per decade. The decrease of sunshine duration is mainly caused by the increase of total cloud, not by the increase of hazy days in South China. Both the regional mean pan evaporation and mean wind speed have significant decreasing trends of 65.9 mm per decade and 0.11 m s 1 per decade, respectively. The decrease of both sunshine duration and mean wind speed plays an important role in the decrease of pan evaporation. The number of landing tropical cyclones has an insignificant decreasing trend of 0.6 per decade, but their intensities show a weak increasing trend. The formation location of tropical cyclones landing in South China has converged towards N, and the landing position has shown a northward trend. The date of the first landfall tropical cyclone postpones 1.8 d per decade, and the date of the last landfall advances 3.6 d per decade, resulting in reduction of the typhoon season by 5.4 d per decade. Received: 16 January 2013 Corresponding author: DU Yao-Dong, yddu@grmc.gov.cn 1
2 2 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Keywords: climate factors; extreme climate events; climate change; South China Citation: Du, Y.-D., H. Ai, H.-L. Duan, et al., 2013: Changes in climate factors and extreme climate events in South China during Adv. Clim. Change Res., 4(1), doi: /SP.J Introduction and objective The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) [IPCC, 2007a] shows that global climate has undergone a significant warming change; observations also demonstrate that global mean temperature has increased 0.74 C during the past century, and the warming has even accelerated at 0.13 C per decade during recent 50 years. Global warming has been seriously impacting the natural processes, economy and society [IPCC, 2007b]. Under the backdrop of global warming, climate in China has shown a warming trend as well, and the annual mean surface air temperature increased 0.23 C per decade during [ECSCNARCC, 2011]. Meanwhile, different regions had a different warming rate [Fu et al., 2003]. South China ( N, E) is located at the southern end of Eurasian continent and faces the South China Sea. It belongs to the tropical and subtropical climate and is within the South China Sea monsoon area, which is keen to climate change [Du et al., 2004]. This region has experienced fast but unbalanced development in different subareas during the past 30 years. Most of the developed areas are in the Pearl River Delta, where climate change-caused disasters would bring about more economy damage than in the undeveloped areas such as Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Hainan province, and the mountainous areas of Guangdong province, which, on the other hand, are more vulnerable to climate change due to their poor economy and weak adaptation capability. Therefore, it is significant for climate change prediction and assessment, hazard prevention and mitigation, and adaptation strategy making to study the characteristics of climate change in South China. 2 Data and methodology The in situ data used in this study include mean surface air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, mean wind speed, total cloud cover, evaporation, haze for 110 stations in Guangdong province, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Hainan province at the daily scale. Evaporation was measured using a 20-cm radius pan. All data were screened for quality control by the Regional Climate Center of South China. The 110 stations were selected from 196 stations based on three criteria. First, all stations must be established before 1961 in order to obtain enough long-term time series. Second, all data at each station needs to pass the standard normal homogeneity test [Alexanderson, 1986]. Finally, the stations relocated more than 2 times were removed from the list. Consequently, data at 110 stations from January 1, 1961 to December 31, 2010 were used. The regional mean values were the arithmetic average of 110 stations. The period for calculating the climatic means is during High-temperature days and low-temperature days are defined as days when the daily maximum and minimum surface air temperature are higher than 35 C and lower than 5 C, respectively. Days when daily precipitation is greater than 0.1 mm and 50.0 mm are called rainy days and heavy-rain days, respectively. Rain intensity is derived by dividing the total rainfall with rainy days. The total rainfall for heavy-rain is the rainfall accumulation during all heavy-rain days. When the horizontal atmospheric visibility is less than 1 km, it is classified as a foggy day; when it is less than 10 km and daily mean relative humility is less than 90%, it is classified as a hazy day. Records of tropical cyclones are from Tropical Cyclones Yearbook edited by China Meteorological Administration. Tropical cyclones are those the intensity is over 10.8 m s 1 [GAQSIQPRA and CNSMC, 2006]. Only the first landfall of tropical cyclones is counted; those generated from and near the circulation center of the first landfall are not counted.
3 DU Yao-Dong et al. / Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China... 3 The first- and last-landfall tropical cyclones are those when they land on mainland or island first and last in a year [Ren et al., 2007]. The typhoon season is a period between the first- and last-landing dates of tropical cyclones. The months of four seasons are last December to February (winter), March to May (spring), June to August (summer), and September to November (autumn), respectively. The period from April to June is defined as first rainy season whose precipitation is mainly caused by the interaction of warm and cold fronts and by the low-level southwest jet streams, while the period from July to September is defined as second rainy season whose precipitation is mainly dominated by tropical cyclones and tropical convergences. A low-pass filter of binomial coefficients-weighted moving average is used to remove the high frequency signal for the long-term change trend analysis [Ding and Jiang, 1998]. The change trend of the climatic variables is detected by a linear regression, and t-test is used to examine the change significance at a confidence level of 95% [Wei, 2007]. Hereafter, all statistic significance is in reference to this confidence level. 3 Results 3.1 Temperature Mean temperature During , annual mean surface air temperatures in South China have increased with a significant trend of 0.16 C per decade (Fig. 1), and 80% stations (a total of 88 stations) are significant as well. The increasing rate in South China is lower than the national rate (0.23 C per decade) [ECSCNARCC, 2011] within the same period of time, but much higher than the global rates (0.07 C per decade and 0.13 C per decade) over the past 100 and 50 years, respectively [IPCC, 2007a]. In the 1970s and 1980s, temperatures were below normal. Since the mid-1990s, temperatures had shown a significant upward trend. Different regions demonstrate different warming rates. Major warming regions are the Pearl River Delta and the northeastern coastal areas, with a warming rate of more than 0.30 C per decade. The secondary warming area is Hainan province (0.27 C per decade). Guangxi and northern Guangdong have the slowest change rate of 0.15 C per decade (Fig. 2). The mean temperatures in the four seasons all showed significant increasing trend, and the most distinguished upward trend occurred in winter, followed by autumn, spring and summer (Table 1) Extreme temperature The regional mean annual extreme maximum and minimum temperatures in South China increase significantly at the rates of 0.22 and 0.47 C per decade, respectively (Table 1), which are higher than the national rates (0.12 and 0.28 C per decade), and are different from those in Northeast, Northwest, North and East China [Jiang and Ding, 1999; Ma, 1999; Xie and Cao, 1996; Ren et al., 2005; Tang et al., 2005]. The increasing rate of extreme minimum temperature in South China is much higher than that of mean temperature. This indicates that increase of mean temperature is mainly contributed by the increase of Figure 1 Anomalies of annual mean surface air temperature in South China during Table 1 Linear trends in temperature during for the annual and four seasons (unit: C per decade) Item Annual Spring Summer Autumn Winter Mean temperature 0.16* 0.12* 0.10* 0.18* 0.27* Extreme maximum temperature 0.22* 0.30* Extreme minimum temperature 0.47* * * Note: * denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level
4 4 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 99 (90%) stations are significant. Similarly, the most distinguished increasing trend (more than 0.70 C per decade) is observed in the Pearl River Delta, the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong, and Hainan. The increase rate of extreme maximum temperature is significant only in spring, while the increase rate of extreme minimum temperature is significant in both summer and winter (Table 1). Figure 2 Spatial distribution of linear trends in annual mean temperature in South China during (unit: C per decade; shade denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level) extreme minimum temperature. Spatially, the extreme maximum temperature at 21 (19%) stations mainly in the central and northern Guangxi has an insignificant decreasing trend, while it shows a significant increasing trend at 38 stations plus another 51 stations with an insignificant increasing trend. The increasing trend is most distinguished (more than 0.50 C per decade) in the Pearl River Delta, the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong, and in northern Hainan. In contrast, the extreme minimum temperatures at all stations have an increasing trend, and High-temperature days and low-temperature days The regional mean high-temperature days have a significant increasing trend (1.1 d per decade), and it increased much faster after 1998, when there were six years with high-temperature days over 20 (Fig. 3a). It has an insignificant decreasing trend at 25 stations in northern Guangxi, while the other 85 stations have an increasing trend, with 50 significant stations (>5.0 d per decade) in the Pearl River Delta, the west and east parts of Guangdong, and in northern Hainan (Fig. 4a). The regional mean low-temperature days has a significant decreasing trend ( 1.3 d per decade), and it decreased much faster after the mid-1980s (Fig. 3b). All stations except only one have a decreasing trend, and 77 (70%) stations are significant. It decreased more toward north with a rate of up to 5.0 d per decade (Fig. 4b). Figure 3 The number of (a) high-temperature days, and (b) low-temperature days in South China during Precipitation Precipitation totals The regional mean annual precipitation totals have an insignificant increasing trend (10.9 mm per decade), which is consistent with the weak change trend found in Wang and Zhai [2008]. However, annual precipitation has a large decadal variation with a cyclic period of about 20 years. In the mid-1960s, 1980s and 2000s, annual rainfall was below normal; in the 1970s and mid-1990s, annual precipitation was above normal (Fig. 5a). The rainfall during the first
5 DU Yao-Dong et al. / Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China... 5 Figure 4 Spatial distribution of linear trends in (a) high-temperature days, and (b) low-temperature days during (unit: d per decade; shade denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level) decade, respectively. Before 2000, the rainfall during the first and second rainy seasons has a similar change pattern. They were below normal in the 1960s and 1980s and above normal in the 1970s and 1990s. After 2000, the rainfall during the first rainy season was above normal, but it was below normal during the second rainy season (Fig. 5b&5c). Geographically, there was no significant change trend for the annual, first and second rainy season rainfall at more than 95% stations. Figure 5 Precipitation for (a) annual, (b) first rainy season, and (c) second rainy season in South China during and second rainy seasons has an insignificant increasing trend, with increase rates of 2.4 and 9.9 mm per Rainy day The regional mean annual rainy days has a significant decreasing trend ( 4.8 d per decade). This is consistent with the national decreasing pattern over China [Wang et al., 2006]. Annual rainy days have a similar change pattern with annual rainfall, being below normal in the 1960s, 1980s and after 2000, and above normal in the 1970s and 1990s (Fig. 6a). Geographically, except for Pubei station in Guangxi, the annual rainy days at all other 109 stations have a decreasing trend, and 77 stations are significant. The decrease rate is up to 17.8 d per decade in northern Guangxi and in Hainan (Fig. 7). The rainy days during the first and second rainy seasons have an insignificant decreasing trend, at a rate of 0.5 d per decade and 0.7 d per decade, respectively (Fig. 6b&6c). Thus, the decrease of rainy days mainly takes place in the non-rainy seasons. The rainy days in the non-rainy seasons has a significant decreasing trend of 4.8 d per decade (Fig. 6d).
6 6 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Figure 6 Rainy days in (a) annual, (b) first rainy season, (c) second rainy season, and (d) non-rainy season in South China during Figure 7 Spatial distribution of linear trends in annual rainy days in South China during (unit: d per decade; shade denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level) Rain intensity The regional mean annual rain intensity has a statistically significant increasing trend (Fig. 8a), which is consistent with findings in a previous study [Wang and Zhai, 2008]. With decreasing rainy days, the increase of total rainfall is the result of the increase of rain intensity. The annual rain intensity in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was below normal, whereas it was above normal since the 1990s. Except for the weak decreasing trend at Wuzhou, Linshan and Beiliu in Guangxi, the other 107 stations demonstrate an increasing trend, and 62 (58%) stations are statistically significant, especially in Hainan, eastern Guangdong and northern Guangxi, with a maximum of 1.1 mm d 1 per decade at Wuzhishan station in Hainan (Fig. 9). The rain intensity in the first rainy season does not show any significant change trend (0.2 mm d 1 per decade), but it increases faster after 2000 (Fig. 8b). It shows a significant increasing trend (0.4 mm d 1 per decade) during the second rainy season (Fig. 8c). The increase of rain intensity results in increase of heavy-rain events. Results show that both heavy-rain days and heavy-rain amount have an
7 DU Yao-Dong et al. / Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China... 7 increasing trend, although it s statistically insignificant. 3.3 Sunshine duration, haze and cloud cover Figure 8 Rain intensity in (a) annual, (b) first rainy season, and (c) second rainy season in South China during Figure 9 Spatial distribution of linear trends in the annual rain intensity in South China during (unit: mm d 1 per decade; shade denotes the trend significant at the 95% confidence level) The regional mean sunshine duration has a significant decreasing trend ( 40.9 h per decade), which is greater than the national decreasing trend ( 37.6 h per decade) in the last 50 years [Ren et al., 2005]. The sunshine duration at 11 stations has an increasing trend, but only 2 stations are significant. The sunshine duration at 99 (90%) stations shows a decreasing trend, and 64 stations are significant. It decreases dramatically at 3 stations, Shenzhen of Guangdong ( h per decade), Chenmai of Hainan ( h per decade), and Hengxian of Guangxi ( h per decade). The regional mean hazy days increase significantly at 6.3 d per decade, and faster after the 1980s, particularly in the Pearl River Delta, which is closely associated with the fast development there [Liu et al., 2004]. Except for areas in northern Guangxi and eastern Hainan where the total cloud has a significant decreasing trend, the total cloud in other areas has a significant increasing trend, particularly in the coastal areas of South China and western Hainan. Due to the canceling out effect of decrease and increase, the regional mean total cloud has a weak and statistically insignificant decreasing trend. Results show that the regional mean sunshine duration and hazy days have an insignificant negative correlation. This negative correlation exists at 53 stations, and only 7 stations are significant. This suggests that the increase of hazy days is not the main reason for the decrease of sunshine duration. Meanwhile, the sunshine duration and total cloud have a significant negative correlation at 88 stations. This correlation is stronger in most areas of Guangdong and central-southern Guangxi (Fig. 10). This indicates that the decrease of sunshine duration in South China is mainly caused by the increase of total cloud, which is consistent with conclusions from other regions [Du et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2003].
8 8 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Figure 10 Distribution of correlation coefficients between annual sunshine duration and total cloud cover in South China during (shade denotes the coefficient significant at the 95% confidence level) 3.4 Pan evaporation and wind speed The regional mean pan evaporation has a significant decreasing trend ( 65.9 mm per decade), which is in agreement with the decreasing trend at the national scale in the last 50 years [Ren and Guo, 2006] and in the Northern Hemisphere [Peterson et al., 1995; Chattopadhyay and Hulme, 1997; Thomas, 2000]. The decrease rate in South China is larger than that for the entire China ( 34.5 mm per decade), particularly in the southwest of Guangdong and southern Guangxi with a decrease rate of less than 100 mm per decade. The regional mean wind speed has a significant decreasing trend ( 0.11 m s 1 per decade). This is consistent with the national decreasing trend in the last 50 years [Ren et al., 2005]. As an indicator of evaporation capability, the pan evaporation is affected by many factors, such as surface air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and so on. It is normally accepted that the increase of air temperature usually leads to increases of the evaporation, but in practice, the pan evaporation decreases with the increase of surface air temperature. This is called evaporation paradox. In order to identify the cause for the decrease of pan evaporation in South China, we analyze the relationship between pan evaporation and sunshine duration and wind speed. The regional mean pan evaporation in South China has a significant positive correlation (0.72) with the sunshine duration. Geographically, the correlation coefficients in northeastern Guangdong, southern and northern Guangxi, and southern Hainan are less than 0.3, but they are larger than 0.5 and statistically significant in other areas (Fig. 11a). In general, areas with maximum decrease rate of sunshine duration are those where there are high correlation coefficients between sunshine duration and pan evaporation. Areas with small correlation coefficients also have little sunshine duration change. This indicates that the sunshine duration plays an important role in determining the pan evaporation change trend. The regional mean annual pan evaporation has a significant positive correlation (0.79) with wind speed. There are higher correlation coefficients (> 0.5) in the Figure 11 Correlation coefficients between pan evaporation and sunshine duration (a), and mean wind speed (b) during (shade denotes the coefficient significant at the 95% confidence level)
9 DU Yao-Dong et al. / Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China... 9 central part of South China (Fig. 11b). In areas with obvious decrease in pan evaporation, there are higher correlation coefficients. This suggests that wind speed play an important role in the decrease of pan evaporation. In summary, the decease of wind speed and sunshine duration together determines the decreasing trend of the pan evaporation in South China, which is in agreement with results in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin [Ji et al., 2012]. 3.5 Tropical cyclone The number of landing tropical cyclones in South China has a weak decreasing trend ( 0.6 per decade) during (Fig. 12). This is in good agreement with the change trend of landfalls over the entire China [Hu et al., 2008]. In spite of the decrease in tropical cyclones number, the intensity of landing tropical cyclones has a weak increasing trend. This is also in agreement with the trend of tropical cyclone intensities for the entire China [Wang and Ren, 2008]. Both the southmost and northmost formation locations of the tropical cyclones landing in South China shifted toward north in the past half a century. Compared to , both the southmost and northmost locations during shifted toward north 4.3 N and 0.6 N, respectively. Generally speaking, the generating source location has converged towards N in recent years in South China (Fig. 13). During , the landing locations concentrated in areas between N. The southmost landing locations shifted towards north at the rate of 0.14 N per decade, while the northmost landing locations did not Figure 12 The number of tropical cyclones landing in South China during Figure 13 The southmost and northmost latitude of landfall tropical cyclones during show any trend, shifting back and forth in areas between N. The first landing date shows a weak postponement trend (1.8 d per decade), and the last landing date shows a weak advance trend (3.6 d per decade), thus the typhoon season has a weak decreasing trend ( 5.4 d per decade). This is also consistent with the national trend [Ren et al., 2007]. 4 Conclusions and discussion (1) During , the annual mean surface air temperature in South China has a significant increasing trend of 0.16 C per decade, which is lower than the national rate but higher than the global or Northern Hemispheric rates. The increase is more distinguished in winter and in the Pearl River Delta. The increase rate of the annual extreme minimum temperature (0.48 C per decade) is over twice that of the extreme maximum temperature (0.20 C per decade), and is larger than that of the mean temperature within the same period of time as well. The increase of the mean temperature in South China is mainly contributed by the increase of the extreme minimum temperature. Meanwhile, the extreme maximum temperature only shows a significant increasing trend in spring, and the extreme minimum temperature shows a significant increasing trend in both summer and winter. The increase rate of high-temperature days (1.1 d per decade) is close to the decrease rate of lowtemperature days ( 1.3 d per decade). The temperature increase in South China is mainly caused by the global warming, and is also affected by the fast development and urbanization in the region. Previous studies showed that the temperature increase due to urbanization has a considerable contribution to the
10 10 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH regional increasing trend of temperature [Ren et al., 2005]. However, further investigation is needed on how the urbanization affects the increase of regional mean temperature in South China. Meanwhile, it is certain that the increase rate will be reduced if stations in the urban areas are removed from the analysis. (2) The total precipitation at the annual, first rainy and second rainy seasons does not show any significant change trend, but it does show some decadal variations. For instance, it is below normal in the 1960s, 1980s and 2000s, and is above normal in the 1970s and 1990s. The annual rainy days have a significant decreasing trend ( 4.8 d per decade), but it does not show any significant change trend during the first rainy and second rainy seasons. This suggests that the decrease of annual rainy days only takes place during the non-rainy season. The annual and second rainy season rain intensity has a significant increasing trend of 0.44 and 0.39 mm d 1 per decade, respectively. It does not show any significant change trend during the first rainy season. The increase of rain intensity results in a weak increasing trend of heavy-rain days and amount. (3) The regional mean sunshine duration has a significant decreasing trend of 40.9 h per decade, and the number of hazy days has a significant increasing trend of 6.3 d per decade. Neither variables show any significant correlation for the regional mean or at individual stations. The sunshine duration does show statistically significant negative correlation with total cloud at most stations. This suggests that the decrease of sunshine duration is mainly caused by the increase of total cloud in South China. (4) Both the regional mean pan evaporation and wind speed have significant decreasing trends of 65.9 mm per decade and 0.11 m s 1 per decade, respectively. The decrease of both sunshine duration and mean wind speed plays an important role in the decrease of pan evaporation. As for the cause of the decrease in mean wind speed, it might be associated with fast urbanization and the decrease of cold high pressures, tropical cyclones and summer monsoons [Ren et al., 2005]. (5) The number of landfall tropical cyclones has an insignificant decreasing trend of 0.6 per decade, and the landfall intensity has a weak increasing trend. The formation location of the tropical cyclones landing in South China has converged towards N, and the landing position has shown a northward trend. The date of the first landfall tropical cyclone postpones 1.8 d per decade, and the date of the last landfall advances 3.6 d per decade, resulting in reduction of the typhoon season by 5.4 d per decade, particularly after the 1990s. The backward shift of the date of the first landfall might be related to the southward and westward shift of the subtropical high pressure in May [Ren et al., 2007]. Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Special Climate Change Research Program of China Meteorological Administration (No. CCSF-09-11, CCSF-09-03, CCSF , and CCSF201211), as well as the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong province (No. 2011A ). Cordial thanks are extended to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their professional comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. References Alexanderson, H., 1986: A homogeneity test applied to precipitation data. J. Climatol., 6, Chattopadhyay, N., and M. Hulme, 1997: Evaporation and potential evapotranspiration in India under conditions of recent and future climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87, Ding, Y.-G., and Z.-H. Jiang, 1998: Signal Processing for Meteorological Data Series (in Chinese). China Meteorological Press, 285pp. Du, J., D. Bian, J. Hu, et al., 2007: Climatic change of sunshine duration and its influencing factors over Tibet during the last 35 years. Sinaca (in Chinese), 62(5), Acta Geographica Du, Y.-D., L.-L. Song, H.-Q. Mao, et al., 2004: Climate warming in Guangdong province and its influences on agriculture and counter measures. Journal of Tropical Meteorology (in Chinese), 10(2), ECSCNARCC (Editorial Committee for Second China s National Assessment Report on Climate Change), 2011: Second China s National Assessment Report on Climate Change (in Chinese). Science Press, 710pp.
11 DU Yao-Dong et al. / Changes in Climate Factors and Extreme Climate Events in South China Fu, C.-B., W.-J. Dong, G. Wen, et al., 2003: Regional response and adaptation to global change. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 61(2), GAQSIQPRA (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China), and CNSMC (China National Standardization Management Committee), 2006: State Standard of the People s Republic of China (GB/T ): Grade of Tropical Cyclones (in Chinese). China Standards Press, 3pp. Hu, Y.-M., L.-L. Song, A.-J. Liu, et al., 2008: Analysis of the climatic features of landfall tropical cyclones in China during the past 58 years. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitat Is Sunyatsena (in Chinese), 47(5), IPCC, 2007a: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon S. D. et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 996pp. IPCC, 2007b: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry M. L. et al. Eds., Cambridge University Press, 976pp. Ji, X.-J., J.-J. Wang, W.-L. Gu, et al., 2012: Trends in annual seasonal pan evaporation in the lower Yellow River Basin from 1961 to Adv. Clim. Change Res., 3(4), Jiang, Z.-H., and Y.-G. Ding, 1999: Renewed study on the warming process of Shanghai during the past 100 years. Journal of Applied Meteorology (in Chinese), 10(2), Liu, A.-J., Y.-D. Du, and H.-Y. Wang, 2004: Climatic characteristics of haze in Guangzhou. Meteorology Monthly (in Chinese), 30(12), Ma, X.-B., 1999: The asymmetric change trend of maximum and minimum temperature in the Northwest China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 57(5), Peterson, T. C., V. S. Golubev, and P. Y. Groisman, 1995: Evaporation losing its strength. Nature, 377, Ren, F.-M., X.-L.Wang, W.-J. Dong, et al., 2007: Changes in the first-landfall and last-landfall tropical cyclones in China. Advances in Climate Change Research (in Chinese), 3(4), Ren, G.-Y., and J. Guo, 2006: Change in pan evaporation and the influential factors over China: Journal of Natural Resources (in Chinese), 21(1), Ren, G.-Y., J. Guo, M.-Z. Xu, et al., 2005: Climate changes of China s mainland over the past half century. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 63(6), Tang, H.-Y., P.-M. Zhai, and Z.-Y. Wang, 2005: Change in mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature and diurnal range in China during Climate and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 10(4), Thomas, A., 2000: Spatial and temporal characteristics of potential evapotranspiration trends over China. International Journal of Climatology, 20, Wang, D.-J., L. Chen, and Y.-G. Ding, 2006: The change trend in rainfall, wet days of China in recent 40 years and the correlation between the change trend and the change of global temperature. Journal of Tropical Meteorology (in Chinese), 22(3), Wang, X.-L., and F.-M. Ren, 2008: Variations in frequency and intensity of landfall tropical cyclones over China during Marine Forecasts (in Chinese), 25(1), Wang, X.-L., and P.-M. Zhai, 2008: Changes in China s precipitation in various categories during Journal of Tropical Meteorology (in Chinese), 24(5), Wei, F.-Y., 2007: Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology (in Chinese). 3rd ed, China Meteorological Press, 296pp. Xie, Z., and H.-X. Cao, 1996: The asymmetric trend of change in maximum and minimum temperature in Beijing. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 54(4), Zhang, Y.-L., B.-Q. Qin, W.-M. Chen, et al., 2003: The analysis of variation characteristics of sunshine in the recent forty years in Wuxi region. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 23(2), Zhang, Z., L. Lin, Y.-C. Sun, et al., 2006: Analysis on climate change characteristics of sunshine duration in Yinchuan city. Arid Zone Research (in Chinese), 23(2),
Analysis of China s Haze Days in the Winter Half-Year and the Climatic Background during
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 5(1): 1-6, 2014 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2014.001 CHANGES IN CLIMATE SYSTEM Analysis of China s Haze Days in the Winter Half-Year and the Climatic
More informationDecrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L11705, doi:10.1029/2007gl029631, 2007 Decrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during 1961 2005 Weihong Qian, 1 Jiaolan
More informationAssessment of Snow Cover Vulnerability over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 2(2): 93 100, 2011 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2011.00093 ARTICLE Assessment of Snow Cover Vulnerability over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Lijuan Ma 1,
More informationTrends of Tropospheric Ozone over China Based on Satellite Data ( )
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 2(1): 43 48, 2011 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2011.00043 ARTICLE Trends of Tropospheric Ozone over China Based on Satellite Data (1979 2005) Xiaobin
More informationPrecipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland during
J Arid Land (2017) 9(6): 924 937 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-017-0105-4 Science Press Springer-Verlag Precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland during 1960 2014 HU Yuling 1,
More informationUnseasonable weather conditions in Japan in August 2014
Unseasonable weather conditions in Japan in August 2014 Summary of analysis by the TCC Advisory Panel on Extreme Climatic Events In an extraordinary session held at the Japan Meteorological Agency on 3
More informationVerification of the Seasonal Forecast for the 2005/06 Winter
Verification of the Seasonal Forecast for the 2005/06 Winter Shingo Yamada Tokyo Climate Center Japan Meteorological Agency 2006/11/02 7 th Joint Meeting on EAWM Contents 1. Verification of the Seasonal
More informationWater cycle changes during the past 50 years over the Tibetan Plateau: review and synthesis
130 Cold Region Hydrology in a Changing Climate (Proceedings of symposium H02 held during IUGG2011 in Melbourne, Australia, July 2011) (IAHS Publ. 346, 2011). Water cycle changes during the past 50 years
More informationA STATISTICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON CHINA
Vol.18 No.1 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY March 2012 Article ID: 1006-8775(2012) 01-0108-05 A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON CHINA
More informationDuration and Seasonality of Hourly Extreme Rainfall in the Central Eastern China
NO.6 LI Jian, YU Rucong and SUN Wei 799 Duration and Seasonality of Hourly Extreme Rainfall in the Central Eastern China LI Jian 1 ( ), YU Rucong 1 ( ), and SUN Wei 2,3 ( ) 1 Chinese Academy of Meteorological
More informationAnalysis of Historical Pattern of Rainfall in the Western Region of Bangladesh
24 25 April 214, Asian University for Women, Bangladesh Analysis of Historical Pattern of Rainfall in the Western Region of Bangladesh Md. Tanvir Alam 1*, Tanni Sarker 2 1,2 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationAnalysis on Temperature Variation over the Past 55 Years in Guyuan City, China
Analysis on Temperature Variation over the Past 55 Years in Guyuan City, China Liu Rui 1, 2,*, Zhang ZhiHua 1, 2 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang an University, No.126 Yanta Road,
More informationChapter 1 Climate in 2016
Chapter 1 Climate in 2016 1.1 Global climate summary Extremely high temperatures were frequently observed in many regions of the world, and in particular continued for most of the year in various places
More informationTransition of the annual cycle of precipitation from double-peak mode to single-peak mode in South China
Article Atmospheric Science November 2013 Vol.58 No.32: 3994 3999 doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5905-0 Transition of the annual cycle of precipitation from double-peak mode to single-peak mode in South China
More informationChanges in Daily Climate Extremes of Observed Temperature and Precipitation in China
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2013, VOL. 6, NO. 5, 312 319 Changes in Daily Climate Extremes of Observed Temperature and Precipitation in China WANG Ai-Hui and FU Jian-Jian Nansen-Zhu International
More informationDISTRIBUTION AND DIURNAL VARIATION OF WARM-SEASON SHORT-DURATION HEAVY RAINFALL IN RELATION TO THE MCSS IN CHINA
3 DISTRIBUTION AND DIURNAL VARIATION OF WARM-SEASON SHORT-DURATION HEAVY RAINFALL IN RELATION TO THE MCSS IN CHINA Jiong Chen 1, Yongguang Zheng 1*, Xiaoling Zhang 1, Peijun Zhu 2 1 National Meteorological
More informationLong-Term Trend of Summer Rainfall at Selected Stations in the Republic of Korea
Long-Term Trend of Summer Rainfall at Selected Stations in the Republic of Korea Il-Kon Kim Professor, Department of Region Information Rafique Ahmed Professor, Geography and Earth Science Silla University
More informationA Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Precipitation Variation Trends and Altitude in China
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2011, VOL. 4, NO. 1, 41 46 A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Precipitation Variation Trends and Altitude in China YANG Qing 1, 2, MA Zhu-Guo 1,
More informationEstimation of precipitation condensation latent heat in rainy season over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Online system, http://www.scar.ac.cn Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 2009, 1(2): 0099 0106 Estimation of precipitation condensation latent heat in rainy season over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau DongLiang Li
More information2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW
2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW 1 INTRODUCTION Recently, three of the major centres for global climate monitoring determined with high confidence that 2015 was the warmest year on record, globally.
More informationApplication and Verification of Multi-Model Products in Medium Range Forecast
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2018, 6, 178-193 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 Application and Verification of Multi-Model Products in
More informationAnalysis on Climate Change of Guangzhou in Nearly 65 Years
, pp.111-117 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.138.24 Analysis on Climate Change of Guangzhou in Nearly 65 Years Wenzheng Yu, Haitao Liu, Chunyong Yin, Jin Wang College of Environmental Science and
More informationProjected change in extreme rainfall events in China by the end of the 21st century using CMIP5 models
Article SPECIAL ISSUE: Extreme Climate in China April 2013 Vol.58 No.12: 1462 1472 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5612-2 Projected change in extreme rainfall events in China by the end of the 21st century using
More information!"#$%&'()#*+,-./0123 = = = = = ====1970!"#$%& '()* 1980!"#$%&'()*+,-./01"2 !"#$% ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
www.climatechange.cn = = = = = 7 = 6!"#$% 211 11 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol. 7 No. 6 November 211!"1673-1719 (211) 6-385-8!"#$%&'()#*+,-./123 N O N=!"# $%&=NMMMUNO=!"#$!%&'()*+=NMMNMN = 1979
More informationCirculation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998
Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998 LIU Yonggang, YUAN Yaochu, SU Jilan & JIANG Jingzhong Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Hangzhou 310012, China;
More informationRecent studies on tropical cyclone landfalling in China
Recent studies on tropical cyclone landfalling in China Lei Xiaotu Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMA, Shanghai, China email: xtlei@21cn.com 1. Losses caused by tropical cyclones in China China is one of the
More informationLong-term changes in total and extreme precipitation over China and the United States and their links to oceanic atmospheric features
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 34: 286 302 (2014) Published online 27 April 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.3685 Long-term changes in total
More information1 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodi Road, New Delhi India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi
Trends in Extreme Temperature Events over India during 1969-12 A. K. JASWAL, AJIT TYAGI 1 and S. C. BHAN 2 India Meteorological Department, Shivajinagar, Pune - 4105 1 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodi
More informationKUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT
T KUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT 2 ALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL http://www.met.gov.my DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIO Introduction Atmospheric and oceanic conditions over the tropical
More informationVariations of snow cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China between 1960 and 1999
420 Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 53, No. 182, 2007 Variations of snow cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China between 1960 and 1999 YANG Jianping, DING Yongjian, LIU Shiyin,
More informationAnalysis of Relative Humidity in Iraq for the Period
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2015 1 Analysis of Relative Humidity in Iraq for the Period 1951-2010 Abdulwahab H. Alobaidi Department of Electronics,
More informationVariations of frequency of landfalling typhoons in East China,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 32: 1946 1950 (2012) Published online 8 August 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.2410 Variations of frequency
More informationFuture trends of climatic belts and seasons in China
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 28: 148 1491 (28) Published online 9 January 28 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).1658 Future trends of climatic belts and seasons
More informationTHE STUDY OF NUMBERS AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THAILAND
THE STUDY OF NUMBERS AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THAILAND Aphantree Yuttaphan 1, Sombat Chuenchooklin 2 and Somchai Baimoung 3 ABSTRACT The upper part of Thailand
More informationJ8.4 TRENDS OF U.S. SNOWFALL AND SNOW COVER IN A WARMING WORLD,
J8.4 TRENDS OF U.S. SNOWFALL AND SNOW COVER IN A WARMING WORLD, 1948-2008 Richard R. Heim Jr. * NOAA National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina 1. Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel
More informationDust Storm: An Extreme Climate Event in China
Dust Storm: An Extreme Climate Event in China ZHENG Guoguang China Meteorological Administration Beijing, China, 100081 zgg@cma.gov.cn CONTENTS 1. Climatology of dust storms in China 2. Long-term variation
More informationA spatial analysis of pan evaporation trends in China,
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2004jd004511, 2004 A spatial analysis of pan evaporation trends in China, 1955 2000 Binhui Liu, 1 Ming Xu, 2 Mark Henderson, 3 and Weiguang Gong
More informationUPDATE OF REGIONAL WEATHER AND SMOKE HAZE (September 2017)
UPDATE OF REGIONAL WEATHER AND SMOKE HAZE (September 2017) 1. Review of Regional Weather Conditions in August 2017 1.1 Southwest Monsoon conditions continued to prevail in the region in August 2017. The
More informationComparison of the seasonal cycle of tropical and subtropical precipitation over East Asian monsoon area
21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Gold Coast, Australia, 29 Nov to 4 Dec 2015 www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2015 Comparison of the seasonal cycle of tropical and subtropical precipitation
More informationIdentifying Regional Prolonged Low Temperature Events in China
Running title: Identifying Regional Prolonged Low Temperature Events in China Identifying Regional Prolonged Low Temperature Events in China ZHANG Zongjie ( 张宗婕 ) and QIAN Weihong ( 钱维宏 ) Monsoon and Environment
More informationWind: Global Systems Chapter 10
Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 General Circulation of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere describes average wind patterns and is useful for understanding climate Over the earth, incoming
More informationLarge-scale atmospheric singularities and summer long-cycle droughts-floods abrupt alternation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Chinese Science Bulletin 2006 Vol. 51 No. 16 2027 2034 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2060-x Large-scale atmospheric singularities and summer long-cycle droughts-floods abrupt alternation in the middle and lower
More informationPrediction Research of Climate Change Trends over North China in the Future 30 Years
42 ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA VOL.22 Prediction Research of Climate Change Trends over North China in the Future 30 Years LIU Yanxiang 1,2,3 ( ), YAN Jinghui 1 ( ), WU Tongwen 1 ( ), GUO Yufu 2 ( ), CHEN
More informationAnalysis on the decadal scale variation of the dust storm in North China
2260 Science in China Ser. D Earth Sciences 2005 Vol.48 No.12 2260 2266 Analysis on the decadal scale variation of the dust storm in North China KANG Dujuan 1,2 & WANG Huijun 1 1. NZC/LASG, Institute of
More informationWeakening relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO after mid-1970s
Article Progress of Projects Supported by NSFC Atmospheric Science doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5285-x Weakening relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO after mid-1970s WANG HuiJun 1,2* & HE
More informationAnalysis on Characteristics of Precipitation Change from 1957 to 2015 in Weishan County
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 125-133 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 Analysis on Characteristics of Precipitation Change from
More informationThe Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2015, VOL. 8, NO. 6, 371 375 The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height HUANG Yan-Yan and
More informationThe increase of snowfall in Northeast China after the mid 1980s
Article Atmospheric Science doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5508-1 The increase of snowfall in Northeast China after the mid 1980s WANG HuiJun 1,2* & HE ShengPing 1,2,3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center,
More informationFUTURE PROJECTIONS OF PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN ASIA
FUTURE PROJECTIONS OF PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN ASIA AKIO KITOH, MASAHIRO HOSAKA, YUKIMASA ADACHI, KENJI KAMIGUCHI Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan It is anticipated
More informationBell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions
9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather
More informationMozambique. General Climate. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1
UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles Mozambique C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2.Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk
More information1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Impacts Assessment
1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Impacts Assessment Although the variability of weather and associated shifts in the frequency and magnitude of climate events were not available from the
More informationGeneral Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the
More informationImpacts of Climate Change on Autumn North Atlantic Wave Climate
Impacts of Climate Change on Autumn North Atlantic Wave Climate Will Perrie, Lanli Guo, Zhenxia Long, Bash Toulany Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS Abstract
More informationCalifornia 120 Day Precipitation Outlook Issued Tom Dunklee Global Climate Center
California 120 Day Precipitation Outlook Issued 11-01-2008 Tom Dunklee Global Climate Center This is my second updated outlook for precipitation patterns and amounts for the next 4 s of the current rainy
More informationUPDATE OF REGIONAL WEATHER AND SMOKE HAZE (December 2017)
UPDATE OF REGIONAL WEATHER AND SMOKE HAZE (December 2017) 1. Review of Regional Weather Conditions for November 2017 1.1 In November 2017, Southeast Asia experienced inter-monsoon conditions in the first
More informationThe ENSO s Effect on Eastern China Rainfall in the Following Early Summer
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, VOL. 26, NO. 2, 2009, 333 342 The ENSO s Effect on Eastern China Rainfall in the Following Early Summer LIN Zhongda ( ) andluriyu( F ) Center for Monsoon System Research,
More informationSouth Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-6)
Sixth Session of South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-6) Dhaka, Bangladesh, 19-22 April 2015 Consensus Statement Summary Below normal rainfall is most likely during the 2015 southwest monsoon season
More information7 December 2016 Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency
Summary of the 2016 Asian Summer Monsoon 7 December 2016 Tokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency This report summarizes the characteristics of the surface climate and atmospheric/oceanographic
More information1. Introduction. 2. Verification of the 2010 forecasts. Research Brief 2011/ February 2011
Research Brief 2011/01 Verification of Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific and Number of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in South China and the Korea and Japan region
More informationFuture Changes of Drought and Flood Events in China under a Global Warming Scenario
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2013, VOL. 6, NO. 1, 8 13 Future Changes of Drought and Flood Events in China under a Global Warming Scenario CHEN Huo-Po 1, SUN Jian-Qi 1, and CHEN Xiao-Li 2 1
More informationEvidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM S K Dash Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Based on a paper entitled Projected Seasonal
More informationURBAN HEAT ISLAND IN SEOUL
URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN SEOUL Jong-Jin Baik *, Yeon-Hee Kim ** *Seoul National University; ** Meteorological Research Institute/KMA, Korea Abstract The spatial and temporal structure of the urban heat island
More informationESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain References: Forecaster s Guide to Tropical Meteorology (updated), Ramage Tropical Climatology, McGregor and Nieuwolt Climate and Weather
More informationResearch on Climate of Typhoons Affecting China
Research on Climate of Typhoons Affecting China Xu Ming Shanghai Typhoon Institute November,25 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Typhoon disasters in China 3. Climatology and climate change of typhoon affecting
More informationON THE KEY REGIONS OF 500 hpa GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHTS OVER NORTHERN HEMISPHERE IN WINTER
Vol.11 No.1 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY June 2005 Article ID: 1006-8775(2005) 01-0023-08 ON THE KEY REGIONS OF 500 hpa GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHTS OVER NORTHERN HEMISPHERE IN WINTER YAN Hua-sheng ( 严华生 )
More informationChapter outline. Reference 12/13/2016
Chapter 2. observation CC EST 5103 Climate Change Science Rezaul Karim Environmental Science & Technology Jessore University of science & Technology Chapter outline Temperature in the instrumental record
More informationWhich Earth latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation when Earth is at the position shown in the diagram? A) 0 B) 23 N C) 55 N D) 90 N
1. In which list are the forms of electromagnetic energy arranged in order from longest to shortest wavelengths? A) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light B) radio waves, infrared rays, visible
More informationFigure I.1-1 Annual mean temperature anomalies 2016 Circles indicate temperature anomalies from the baseline averaged in 5 x 5 grid boxes.
Topics I Post-El Niño The annual anomaly of the global average surface temperature in 2016 was +0.45ºC above the 1981 2010 average, which was the highest since 1891. The mean surface temperature in Japan
More informationTropical Moist Rainforest
Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)
More information3. HYDROMETEROLOGY. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Hydro-meteorological Aspect. 3.3 Rain Gauge Stations
3. HYDROMETEROLOGY 3.1 Introduction Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. Detailed hydrological
More informationNOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China
6036 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E VOLUME 21 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China JIAN LI LaSW, Chinese Academy of Meteorological
More informationTrend in pan evaporation and its attribution over the past 50 years in China
J. Geogr. Sci. 2010, 20(4): 557-568 DOI: 10.1007/s11442-010-0557-3 2010 Science China Press Springer-Verlag Trend in pan evaporation and its attribution over the past 50 years in China LIU Min 1,2, * SHEN
More informationADVANCES IN EARTH SCIENCE
29 2 2014 2 ADVANCES IN EARTH SCIENCE Vol. 29 No. 2 Feb. 2014. J. 2014 29 2 207-215 doi 10. 11867 /j. issn. 1001-8166. 2014. 02. 0207. Ma Yaoming Hu Zeyong Tian Lide et al. Study progresses of the Tibet
More informationProjections of the 21st Century Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin Extreme Precipitation Events
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 3(2): 76 83, 2012 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2012.00076 CHANGES IN CLIMATE SYSTEM Projections of the 21st Century Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin Extreme
More informationSpatial-temporal characteristics of temperature variation in China
MAP-0/758 Meteorol Atmos Phys 000, 1 16 (2005) DOI 10.1007/s00703-005-0163-6 Monsoon and Environment Research Group, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China Spatial-temporal characteristics
More informationOur climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.
CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with
More informationInterannual Relationship between the Winter Aleutian Low and Rainfall in the Following Summer in South China
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2015, VOL. 8, NO. 5, 271 276 Interannual Relationship between the Winter Aleutian Low and Rainfall in the Following Summer in South China SONG Lin-Ye 1,2 and DUAN
More informationIAP Dynamical Seasonal Prediction System and its applications
WCRP Workshop on Seasonal Prediction 4-7 June 2007, Barcelona, Spain IAP Dynamical Seasonal Prediction System and its applications Zhaohui LIN Zhou Guangqing Chen Hong Qin Zhengkun Zeng Qingcun Institute
More informationMeteorology. Chapter 15 Worksheet 1
Chapter 15 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) The Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle are examples of locations determined by: a) measuring systems.
More informationWorld Geography Chapter 3
World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse
More informationLong-Term Changes in Rainfall over Eastern China and Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Recent Global Warming
1544 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E VOLUME 23 Long-Term Changes in Rainfall over Eastern China and Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Recent Global Warming PING ZHAO National Meteorological
More information2013 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON OUTLOOK. June RMS Cat Response
2013 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON OUTLOOK June 2013 - RMS Cat Response Season Outlook At the start of the 2013 Atlantic hurricane season, which officially runs from June 1 to November 30, seasonal forecasts
More informationSpatial Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall over China with Hourly through 24-Hour Accumulation Periods Based on National-Level Hourly Rain Gauge Data
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, VOL. 33, NOVEMBER 2016, 1218 1232 Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall over China with Hourly through 24-Hour Accumulation Periods Based on National-Level Hourly
More informationThai Meteorological Department, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society
Thai Meteorological Department, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society Three-month Climate Outlook For November 2017 January 2018 Issued on 31 October 2017 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationAnalysis of Meteorological drought condition for Bijapur region in the lower Bhima basin, India
Analysis of Meteorological drought condition for Bijapur region in the lower Bhima basin, India Mamatha.K PG Student Department of WLM branch VTU, Belagavi Dr. Nagaraj Patil Professor and Head of the Department
More informationRecent strong inter-decadal change of Meiyu in 121-year variations
Water Science and Engineering, Jun. 2008, Vol. 1, No. 2, 33 46 ISSN 1674 2370, http://kkb.hhu.edu.cn, e-mail: wse@hhu.edu.cn Recent strong inter-decadal change of Meiyu in 121-year variations Xu Qun* Jiangsu
More informationImpact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation
Impact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation Renhe Zhang 1,2 Ruonan Zhang 2 Zhiyan Zuo 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University 2 Chinese Academy of Meteorological
More informationMULTI-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS STUDY ON THE FREQUENCY OF FOGGY DAYS OCCURRING IN NANJING IN DECEMBER 2007
Vol.21 No.4 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY December 2015 Article ID: 1006-8775(2015) 04-0428-11 MULTI-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS STUDY ON THE FREQUENCY OF FOGGY DAYS OCCURRING IN NANJING IN DECEMBER 2007 LIU
More informationChanges in Southern Hemisphere rainfall, circulation and weather systems
19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Perth, Australia, 12 16 December 2011 http://mssanz.org.au/modsim2011 Changes in Southern Hemisphere rainfall, circulation and weather systems Frederiksen,
More informationDecadal Anomalies of Winter Precipitation over Southern China in Association with El Niño and La Niña
NO.1 YUAN Yuan, LI Chongyin and YANG Song 91 Decadal Anomalies of Winter Precipitation over Southern China in Association with El Niño and La Niña YUAN Yuan 1 ( ), LI Chongyin 2,3 ( ), and YANG Song 4
More informationWhat is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC WG1 FAQ What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations
More informationThe feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007
The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 Hiroshi Hasegawa 1, Yayoi Harada 1, Hiroshi Nakamigawa 1, Atsushi Goto 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May ISSN
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013 1 Projection of Changes in Monthly Climatic Variability at Local Level in India as Inferred from Simulated Daily
More information2016 International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2016) ISBN:
2016 International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-355-7 Difference in FVC Changes between Desert Grasslands with Different Stocking
More informationNew proofs of the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau as a result of the increasing greenhouse gases emissions
Chinese Science Bulletin 2006 Vol. 51 No. 11 1396 1400 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-1396-6 New proofs of the recent climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau as a result of the increasing greenhouse gases emissions
More informationThe Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2012, VOL. 5, NO. 3, 219 224 The Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times LU Ri-Yu 1, LI Chao-Fan 1,
More informationChapter 2 Variability and Long-Term Changes in Surface Air Temperatures Over the Indian Subcontinent
Chapter 2 Variability and Long-Term Changes in Surface Air Temperatures Over the Indian Subcontinent A.K. Srivastava, D.R. Kothawale and M.N. Rajeevan 1 Introduction Surface air temperature is one of the
More informationWill a warmer world change Queensland s rainfall?
Will a warmer world change Queensland s rainfall? Nicholas P. Klingaman National Centre for Atmospheric Science-Climate Walker Institute for Climate System Research University of Reading The Walker-QCCCE
More informationDevelopment of Super High Resolution Global and Regional Climate Models
Development of Super High Resolution Global and Regional Climate Models Project Representative Akira Noda Meteorological Research Institute Authors Akira Noda 1, Shoji Kusunoki 1 and Masanori Yoshizaki
More information