Can the Baltic Sea be parameterized as fresh or salt water lake?
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1 2nd Workshop on Parameterization of Lakes in NWP and Climate Modelling, Norrköping 2010 Can the Baltic Sea be parameterized as fresh or salt water lake? First results from COSMO-CLM FLake simulation Frederik Schenk, Burkhardt Rockel Sebastian Wagner, Eduardo Zorita
2 Motivation Our Task: CCLM paleoclimate simulation: AD Europe with 0.44 (INTERDYNAMIK PRIME) NE-Europe with 0.25 (GKSS / BALTEX / ECOSUPPORT) Forcing: MILLENIUM runs / ECHAM5 external forcing: orbital + GHC + Volc. + solar + Δ land use CLM paleo-routine: dito (Sebastian Wagner, GKSS) PAGE 2
3 NE-European T2M since 7000 BP Ötzi Ötzi OETZI simulations (Sebastian Wagner, Eduardo Zorita, GKSS) PAGE 3
4 ECHAM T30 Orography Downscaling using SST: Baltic Sea: DJF: always too warm i.e. no sea-ice JJA: always too cold Ocean-coupling too time consuming for regional paleoclimate simulations PAGE 4
5 FLake instead of prescribed SST for Baltic Sea Changes in COSMO-CLM
6 Modifications External fields: option for Baltic Sea to be fr_lake introduction of Baltic Sea bathymetry depth_lk implementation of external field for salinity salt_lk Physics/Code: conversion of constants to 2D fields as F(salt_lk) freezing point (tpl_t_f) tpl_t_f temperature of max. density (tpl_t_r) max. density (tpl_rho_w_r) PAGE 6
7 A sensitivity study with COSMO-CLM using FLake with(out) mean salinity (a) Baltic Lake: fresh water vs. 7 PSU (b) validation with new 2D-fields
8 Sensitivity study CLM4.8 driven by ERA40 for best settings according to CLM Community Sensitivity experiment independent from bias (1) bocean: llake =.FALSE. (2) bflake: llake =.TRUE. (3) bs7psu llake =.TRUE. using mean salinity [(4) bslake PAGE 8 llake =.TRUE. with new 2D-fields]
9 General Model Bias PAGE 9
10 General Model Bias PAGE 10
11 General Model Bias PAGE 11
12 Sensitivity Study for Surface Temperature T_S [K]
13 ΔT_S bs7psu bocean PAGE 13 Mean over 1985/ /08
14 ΔT_S bs7psu bflake PAGE 14 Mean over 1985/ /08
15 ΔT_S bs7psu bocean PAGE 15 ONDJFM over 1985/ /08
16 ΔT_S bs7psu bflake PAGE 16 ONDJFM over 1985/ /08
17 Differences for Near-Surface Temperature T_2M [K]
18 ΔT_2M bs7psu bocean PAGE 18 ONDJFM over 1985/ /08
19 ΔT_2M bs7psu bocean PAGE 19 AMJJAS over 1985/ /08
20 ΔT_2M bs7psu bflake PAGE 20 ONDJFM over 1985/ /08
21 ΔT_2M bs7psu bflake PAGE 21 AMJJAS over 1985/ /08
22 Sea-Ice of the Baltic Lake H_ICE [m] start/end of ice season max. ice extent
![Ice extent [10³ km²]](/docs-images/89/98635024/images/23-4.jpg "Severe winter 1985/86")
23 Ice extent [10³ km²] Severe winter 1985/86 PAGE 23
![Ice extent [10³ km²] Very](/docs-images/89/98635024/images/24-4.jpg "severe winter 1986/87 PAGE")
24 Ice extent [10³ km²] Very severe winter 1986/87 PAGE 24
![Ice extent [10³ km²]](/docs-images/89/98635024/images/25-4.jpg "Average winter 1987/88")
25 Ice extent [10³ km²] Average winter 1987/88 PAGE 25
26 Very mild winters underestimation of severe conditions (i.e. no peak) - very close to average ice conditions - small cold bias in very mild winters PAGE 26
27 Dates of ice season too early too late Exact dates of first/last sea-ice quite uncertain PAGE 27
28 Spatial ice-cover (max.) Bflake (fresh water) bs7psu (salt water) H_ICE [m] Very severe ice winter 1986/87 (max /17) PAGE 28
29 Spatial ice-cover (max.) Bflake (fresh water) bs7psu (salt water) H_ICE [m] Very mild ice winter 1988/89 (max /25) PAGE 29
30 Discussion Further improvements: better sea-ice, i.e. Western Baltic Sea due to SSS? systematic tests for best settings comparison with ECHAM5/CLM CLM standard (global SST) CLM FLake, CLM SLake Open Questions: extended changes in FLake necessary for salinity? i.e. strong stratification, vertical mixing, sea-ice PAGE 30
31 To be continued Looking forward to your expertise! Thanks for your attention!
32 Hamburger Klimamodell Atmosphere: ECHAM4 T30 (3.75 x 3.75 ) 19 vertical layers Ocean: HOPE-G Horizontal Resolution 2,81 x 2,81 20 vertical layers increased tropical resolution PAGE 32
33 eine Klimarekonstrukion T-30 Orographie Europa ECHAM PAGE 33
34 OETZI-Simulations PAGE 34
35 Uppsala Temperatur?? 5,13 C PAGE 35
36 ? PAGE 36 zu kalt zu warm Uppsala T2M-Anomalies
37 DEPTH_LK Bathymetry: ~0.02 (2 km) added to updated lake data base by E. Kourzeneva FLake: limit 50 m T. Seifert, F. Tauber, B. Kayser: 2001: "A high resolution spherical grid topography of the Baltic Sea 2nd edition", Baltic Sea Science PAGE 37 Congress, Stockholm November 2001, Poster #147
![Sea-Surface-Salinity MERSEA Baltic Sea - North Sea S/T climatology1 Salinity in PSU [g/kg], 5 m as interfacial salinity horizontal resolution: 0.2 x 0.1 [vertical resolution: z_min: 5.0, z_max: 750.](/docs-images/89/98635024/images/38-4.jpg "0 vertical levels: 18, monthly climatology] Ocean Database 2001 (WOD01), NOAA global SSS with 1 x 1, [24 vertical levels, mons.] SSS [kg/kg] Janssen et al.")
38 Sea-Surface-Salinity MERSEA Baltic Sea - North Sea S/T climatology1 Salinity in PSU [g/kg], 5 m as interfacial salinity horizontal resolution: 0.2 x 0.1 [vertical resolution: z_min: 5.0, z_max: vertical levels: 18, monthly climatology] Ocean Database 2001 (WOD01), NOAA global SSS with 1 x 1, [24 vertical levels, mons.] SSS [kg/kg] Janssen et al. (1999): A climatological data set for temperature and salinity for the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Deutsche PAGEHydrographische 38 Zeitschrift, Supplement 9. 1
39 New 2D-Fields Freezing point (Gill 1982): 3 /2 T f S = A B S C S 2 T of max. density (Neumann & Pierson 1966): T ρ S = A S B S max PAGE 39 2
40 New 2D-Fields The One Atmosphere International Equation of State for Seawater, UNESCO 1980 Max. density: ρ S, T ρ 3 /2 max max max Density of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW): ρ w T ρ = POLYN 5 T ρ max max PAGE 40 2, 0 =ρ w A T ρ S B T ρ S C S
41 Spatial ice-cover (max.) Bflake (fresh water) Severe ice winter 1985/86 (max ) PAGE 41 bs7psu (salt water)
42 Ice winters from SMHI OBS PAGE 42
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