Office of Naval Research Global Commander Blake McBride, USN Associate Director, Meteorology/Oceanography and Arctic Technologies

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1 Office of Naval Research Global Commander Blake McBride, USN Associate Director, Meteorology/Oceanography and Arctic Technologies

2 ONR Global Mission Discovering the Best Science Maintain Global Technical Awareness Science & Technology Collaborations Innovative fundamental research Help shape future Naval investments and strategies Leveraging great minds globally with positive engagement Supporting the Sailors & Marines of today and tomorrow Support preventing technological surprise Fundamental research is most transparent Contributing open source data to Global Technology Awareness Advancement of mutual beneficial science Supports Theater Security Cooperation goals Relevance to USN/USMC programs is a key factor

3 ONRG Associate Directors ONRG-London Technical Director Executive Officer ONRG-Prague ONRG-Tokyo ONRG-Singapore Commanding Officer ONRG-Santiago 3

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5 ONR Global International Science Tools Collaborative Support Program (CSP) Support international workshops, conferences, etc Liaison Visits ONRG technical staff visit international institutions to develop access and discover cutting edge S&T Visiting Scientist Program (VSP) Support travel of foreign scientists to the U.S. to socialize new S&T ideas with researchers Naval International Cooperative Opportunities Programs (NICOP) Support innovative, international S&T Research Grant NICOP NICOP Proposal CSP VSP ONRG provides seed funding for innovative research Liaison Visit

6 ONR Global Recent NICOPs

7 Tsunami Ionospheric warning and Ionospheric seismology [NICOP # N13-XX) Objectives 1. To demonstrate that a tsunami oceanic uplift can be retrieved from the ionospheric data 2. To demonstrate that the coupling physics and coupling parameters can be inverted from the joint data set of surface drivers (e.g., tsunami or seismic signals) and ionospheric perturbations. Grant Country: France Participants International Researcher: Pr. Philippe Lognonne ONR Program Manager: Dr. Scott Budzien, Code 322 ONRG Associate Director: CDR Blake McBride Scintillation in the ionosphere caused by major earthquakes can be connected through modeling methods to produce techniques for early detection of tsunamis. YEAR FY13 ($k) FY14 ($k) FY15($k) FY16($k) US Int l US Int l US Int l US Int l ONRG NICOP U.S. (ONR, NRL, other) foreign Total Funding for Project

8 A Coastal South Asian Aerosol and Satellite Verification Assessment S&T Research Goals Conduct observations and analysis of aerosol parameters on Bhola Island in Bangladesh to improve aerosol forecasting in the Indian Subcontinent region. Figure: An (a) afternoon and (b) following morning MODIS true color image of Bangladesh during a severe air pollution event in the January 20-21, 2011 timeframe. Note increase in regional haze over the littoral zones with reduced fidelity of delta features. Ed dos indicate satellite detected fires. Participants Grant Country: Bangladesh NRL Primary Investigator: Dr. Jeffrey S. Reid International Researcher: Dr. Abdus Salam, University of Dhaka ONRG Associate Director: CDR Blake McBride YEAR FY13 FY14 FY15 US Int'l US Int'l US Int'l ONRG NICOP $38.6K 0 0 ONRHQ Other (NRL, NASA) $33K 0 $8K 0 $8K 0 Bangladesh Total Funding for Project $33K $38.6K $8K 0 $8K 0

9 AN ARCTIC ICE/OCEAN COUPLED MODEL WITH WAVE INTERACTIONS (N13-XX) S&T Research Goals Support the ONR DRI on Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics of the Emerging Arctic Ocean by focusing on the improvement of wave scattering methodologies used in integrated Arctic system models. Study will develop techniques to embed two-dimensional wave-ice interactions into contemporary Arctic ice/ocean models. Figure: Advection and attenuation of ocean waves as they travel into the ice and the resultant ice breaking. The top left, top right and lower left figures show Hs, the significant wave height, at three subsequent time intervals (about 2.2 h apart). The solid black lines represent the ice edge and the dashed lines the proposed edge of the MIZ. The bottom right figure shows the maximum floe size after all the waves have traveled into the ice. Grant Country: Norway Participants ONR Program Manager: Dr. Martin Jeffries, Code 32 International Researcher: Dr. Timothy Williams, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) ONRG Associate Director: CDR Blake McBride YEAR FY13 ($K) FY14 ($K) US Int'l US Int'l ONRG NICOP XXX XXX ONRHQ U.S Other (NRL, NASA) International Total Funding for Project

10 ONR Global Success Stories

11 Innovation Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arrayed in a honeycomb pattern. Strongest material ever discovered, yet flexible and conducts electricity better than silicon. Heat resistant. Can serve as platform for observing fundamental particle behavior. Graphene ONR - ONR Global History of Development Research team led by Dr. Andre Geim, University of Manchester, who conducted the first significant experiments on graphene. Dr. Chagaan Baatar (ONR, Code 31) and Dr. John Zimmerman (ONRG Associate Director) arranged a NICOP in 2007 to fund Dr. Geim s development of graphene-based transistors. NICOP built on work which Dr. Baatar had previously supported with Dr. Geim. Results Dr. Geim won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for his research on graphene. Research accelerated to the point where laboratories can mass-produce graphene sheets. Could revolutionize the electronics, aerospace and automotive industries.

12 Gene Therapy Restores Sight in Mice ONR - ONR Global Innovation Retinitis pigmentosa causes tunnel vision and night blindness. Affects rods, light-sensitive cells concentrated in outer retina that enable night and peripheral vision. Using virus already approved for human gene therapy, researchers inserted a gene into cone-cell DNA. History of Development Research team led by Dr. Botond Roska, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ONRG Associate Director, Dr. James Frank, supported Dr. Roska s original research with a 3-year NICOP for FY Support from ONR,Code 34, Drs. Joel Davis and Thomas McKenna. Roska s work restored sight to blind mice in Results This technology is a powerful tool for visual circuit analysis to enable new algorithms and architectures for visual navigation and automatic target recognition. Next step is expected to be human trials.

13 The Arctic

14 Antrarctic Max vs Arctic Min Trends

15 Sea Ice Decline Arctic Sea Ice Extent Arctic Sea Ice Volume 2011 Arctic Ice extent ~ 2007 s record low 2011 Arctic Ice volume = Record Low [Source: NISIDC, Univ Washington APL] 15

16 Sea Ice Decline Arctic Sea Ice Extent 2012 Arctic Ice extent RECORD LOW 2012 Arctic Cyclone MODIS Photo: 6 Aug 2012 [Source: NISIDC, NASA] 16

17 Sea Ice Extent - Comparison 2007 Dark Grey 2012 White 2012 Sea Ice Extent Median [Source: NISIDC] 17

18 Sea Ice Age and Thickness A younger, thinner ice cover [Source: NSIDC, Univ of Colorado] 18

19 Future of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) [Source: YAMAL LNG] 19

20 Two Arctics NORWAYRUSSIA High North Tromsø, Norway RUSSIA U.S. Barrow, Alaska 20

21 Arctic & Global Prediction Program ONR Initiatives More Interagency Collaboration Earth System Prediction Capability 21

22 Arctic & Global Prediction Program Program Focus Areas 1. Develop fully-coupled ocean-wave-ice-atmosphere models with sufficient resolution to represent processes, and which assimilate in situ and remotely-sensed observations, to improve forecasting and prediction of the Arctic operational environment. 2. Improve understanding of the Arctic environment and processes to enable more accurate representation in models, leading to improved forecasts and predictions. 3. Develop an observing system to make sustained observations that can provide long-term monitoring, further scientific understanding and constrain the models. Department Research Initiatives (DRIs) 1. Emerging Dynamics of the Marginal Ice Zone A 5-year Department Research Initiative (DRI), FY12-FY16. Main field experiment in spring-summer-early autumn 2014 in the Beaufort Sea. Deploy acoustic navigation and communication array, under-ice gliders and floats, ice-tethered profilers, ice mass balance buoys, wave buoys on ice and in open water. Anticipate use of ice camp, aircraft and vessel[s] (opportunity, shared charter, not dedicated). 2. Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics of the Emerging Arctic Ocean A 5-year, $9M Department Research Initiative (DRI), FY13-FY17. Call for planning letters released mid-february Main field experiment in spring-summer-early autumn 2015 in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. Anticipate needing a vessel[s] for deployment of moorings, and wave buoys in open water and in marginal ice zone. Source: Tim Haskell, IRL, NZ Bering Sea (Source: I.L. Jones, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland)

23 Arctic & Global Prediction Program The objectives of the Sea State DRI are: 1. Develop a sea state climatology, identify factors affecting the spatial and temporal variability of sea state, and improve forecasting of waves on the open ocean and in the marginal ice zone; 2. Develop a climatology of and improve theory of wave attenuation/scattering in the sea ice cover; 3. Use wave scattering theory directly in integrated Arctic system models, and indirectly to define an ice rheology for use in Arctic system models; and 4. Understand the physics of heat and mass transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, and the seasonal variability of fluxes during summer ice retreat and autumn ice advance.

24 Challenges: Areas of Interest Predict and Monitor Topside Ice Accumulation Cold Climate Coatings Mitigate Effects of Sea Ice Impacts & Ice Loading Cold Climate Energy Storage & Alternate Fuels Safety of Navigation Launch & Recovery Environmental Regulation Compliance

25 Summary Explore Opportunities Collaborative Support Program (CSP) Visiting Scientist Program (VSP) Naval International Cooperative Opportunities Programs (NICOP) Scientific/Engineering Best Practices Examples: Materials (SLIPS Ice Teflon ) Logistics (fuel transport) Polar Tele-connections Examples: Sea ice growth rates, Patterns/Oscillations Planning Optimized Field Opportunities MIZ DRI (2014), Sea State DRI (2015), AODS, etc marvin.b.mcbride.mil@mail.mil