SOP/EOP Implementation Plan -Overview for the Eastern Mediterranean Target Area Emmanouil Anagnostou
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1 SOP/EOP Implementation Plan -Overview for the Eastern Mediterranean Target Area Emmanouil Anagnostou University of Connecticut & Hellenic Center for Marine Research Contributions from Efrat Morin The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Marios Anagnostou & John Kalogiros National Observatory of Athens Elias Demetriou & Themis Chronis Hellenic Center for Marine Research 4th HyMeX International Workshop, Bologna, Italy, June 2010
2 Hydrometeorological Observations Evros River Basin Mediterranean mountainous climate (up to 2900 m elevation, >1000 mm of annual rain) Doppler radar Polarimetric radar Western Crete Semi-arid maritime climate with complex terrain rain enhancement (up to 900 mm of annual rain and up to 2800 meter elevations) Israel Combination of semi-arid, Med and mountainous climate (up to 1200 mm of annual rain and 2000 m elevations)
3 Air-Sea Interaction Observations Potentially available surface buoys Array of submerged moorings with passive listeners Shallow glider or Argo float Deep glider and Argo floats in the Levantine
4 Western Crete Hydrometeorological observations Support WG 3 objectives on flash floods from mountainous enhanced rainfall (over small scale basins) Basin areas in the range of km2 EOP data from US Navy C-band/Doppler radar, 10 daily gauges, 6 high-frequency gauging stations, HNMS LMA network (lightning) SOP data on high-resolution rainfall from X-POL, discharges from acoustic Doppler, and post event surveys in cases of flash floods Auxiliary data on soils and ground water tables from TUC
5 Western Crete Hydrometeorological observations High-resolution X-band dual polarization measurements of precipitation microphysics and rainfall rate Correcting for rain-path attenuation effects attenuation correction based on Φ dp (in rain below melting layer)
6 Western Crete Hydrometeorological observations High-resolution X-band dual polarization measurements of precipitation microphysics and rainfall rate Correcting for bright band effects melting layer (bright band) boundaries detection based on ρ hv total attenuation due to strong bright band
7 Western Crete Hydrometeorological observations High-resolution X-band dual polarization measurements of precipitation microphysics and rainfall rate Rain estimation after bright band and attenuation correction
8 Modeling hydrological characteristics of Mediterranean temporary ponds N Schematic representation of the MIKE She model N Observed Model Volume of P (m3) /9/2005 1/10/2005 1/11/2005 1/12/2005 1/1/2006 1/2/2006 1/3/2006 1/4/2006 1/5/2006 1/6/2006 1/7/2006 1/8/2006 Date Topography map of Omalos and Kourna basins Omalos MTP s simulated water volume as opposed to the observed volume for the simulation period 1/9/05-31/8/06
9 Western Crete Air-Sea interactions observations Support WG 4 objectives on investigation of impacts from intense air-sea interactions in maritime Mediterranean storms EOP data on meteorological variables and salinity/temperature from buoys EOP data on precipitation, wind and air-sea exchanges (bubbles formation, breaking waves, aerosols?) from sub-merged moorings with passive listening sensors SOP data on salinity/temperature/wind/rain etc from shallow glider with acoustic probe ~ 3d Sea Level 500m-3 km 50 m 2 km (d)
10 Western Crete Air-Sea interactions observations Support WG 4 objectives on investigation of impacts from intense air-sea interactions in maritime Mediterranean storms max = 12 mm/h rain max = 70 mm/h winds
11 Israel hydrometeorological Observation Support WG 3 objectives on flash floods from heavy rainfall (over small scale basins) Mediterranean Data from the Israeli Meteorological Service, the Hebrew University and Shacham Mekorot Site 1 Mediterranean climate (650 mm) Basin areas in the range of km2 EOP data Doppler radar, highfrequency gauging stations, streamflow data Auxiliary data on soils and ground water tables from TUC Semi-arid Arid Climate regions (Köppen) Site 3 Mediterranean mountainous climate (800 m ASL, 550 mm) Site 2 Semi-arid climate ( mm)
12 Israel hydrometeorological site Radar-based flash-flood modeling with an uncalibrated model in Israel Site 1 The hydrological model Site 1 The Taninim catchment (51 km 2 ) Rozalis, Morin, Price and Yair, 2010
13 Hydrological sensitivity to convective rain cell characteristics Nahal Beqa (94 km 2 ) Rain intens ity (mm/h) 160 Runoff peak discharge (m 3 /s) Site 2 Km Flooding convective rain cell Km Km Location effect on peak discharge Km Flash flood event 23/12/1993 Flow discharge (m3/s) /12/ :00 22/12/ :00 23/12/1993 0:00 Time Yakir and Morin, 2010 Observed flow Computed flow - radar Computed flow - rain cells 23/12/1993 6:00 23/12/ :00 Dis cha rge (m 3 /s ) Runoff peak dis charge (m 3 /s ) Direction effect on peak discharge Dire ction (de g.) Dis cha rge (m 3 /s ) Runoff peak discharge (m 3 /s ) Cell velocity effect on peak discharge Velocity (m/s ) Peak discharge magnitude can be 2-3 folds larger by small changes in cell location, direction and velocity
14 Flash flood analysis over the Dead Sea region using radar data Basin area: 2.7 km 2 Runoff peak: 35 m 3 /s S.P.D: 13 m 3 /s/km 2 Site 3 Analysis of extreme flash floods over the Dead Sea region, east to Site 3 (Jerusalem). Climate is varied from Mediterranean to semi-arid and arid. Discharge data from S.E.R.S Basin area: 45 km 2 Runoff peak: 145 m 3 /s S.P.D: 3 m 3 /s/km 2 The Qumeran flash flood 12/5/2007
15 Evros River Basin Support WG 2 (continental hydrological cycle) and WG 1 (river discharges in Med water budget) objectives of HyMeX including the investigation of impacts from climate change and urbanization effects in the Eastern Med Basin area km 2, main focus on Ardas (5200 km 2 ) and Evros (Maritsa) (10000 km 2 ) through collaboration with Bulgaria EOP data from HNMS C- band/dual-pol radar, 50+ daily gauges, LMA network (lightning), 5 automatic meteo stations and 3 hydrometric and water quality stations (several more are available from Bulgaria) Exploiting auxiliary data during SOPs on soil moisture, water tables and snow cover
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