Climate of the South-Central U.S.: Hot Spot for Extreme Events. Barry D. Keim Luigi Romolo Alan Black Louisiana State University
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1 Climate of the South-Central U.S.: Hot Spot for Extreme Events Barry D. Keim Luigi Romolo Alan Black Louisiana State University
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5 August 2016 Louisiana Flood Event No Name Storm That Ripped Louisiana Tropical Wave Boudreaux Tropical Disturbance Lagniappe
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7 Cluster of Thunderstorms Tropical Wave Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Hurricane
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21 Two-Day Rainfall Totals for 100-Yr and 1000-Yr NOAA Atlas Previous Record High 2-day Rainfall Total = at Abita Spgs Fire Tower on May 9-10, 1995
22 Location 2-day 100-yr 1000-yr Opelousas (>50-yr) BR-Concord 14.20* BTR 14.85* BR-SHER 15.07* Livingston (>1000-yr) Norwood (>1000-yr) Abbeville 16.38* Crowley 16.48* Jennings (>50-yr) Donaldsonville Jeanerette (>25-yr) Lafayette (>200-yr) New Iberia (>500-yr) Gonzales (>50-yr) Stations > 1000-yr Event 11 Stations > 20 inches Watson (>1000-yr) Brownfields (>1000-yr) Denham Springs (>1000-yr) Monticello (>1000-yr) Central (>1000-yr) Wakefield (>1000-yr) Jackson (>1000-yr) Gonzales (>200-yr) Baton Rouge (>200-yr) *Exceeded 100-yr event
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27 What is your hurricane risk?
28 SURGEDAT World s Most Comprehensive Storm Surge Database Titl e
29 Top 10 Highest Surges along the U.S. Gulf Coast Rank Storm Name Year Location State Surge (ft) 1 Katrina 2005 Pass Christian MS 28 2 Camille 1969 Pass Christian MS Carla 1961 Port Lavaca TX 22 4 Galveston 1900 Galveston TX 20 5 Eloise 1975 Dune Allen Beach FL Labor Day 1935 Lower Matecumbe FL 18 6 Beulah 1967 South Padre Island TX 18 8 Rita 2005 Cameron Parish LA Ike 2008 Chambers County TX New Orleans 1915 Southeast Louisiana LA 17
30 Outline : Tornadoes in the Southern Region Background on tornadoes Where tornadoes occur and how frequent are they in our region Case Studies: 2011 Super Outbreak (April, 2011) Moore, Oklahoma (May, 2013) Southern Louisiana (February, 2016)
31 Tornado: A violently rotating column of air, that has made contact with the ground. Associated with cumuliform clouds, and often BUT NOT ALWAYS visible as a funnel cloud Associated with extreme pressure gradients ~ 10% lower than surrounding air
32 Tornado Myths Highway overpasses are a safe place to shelter Tornadoes are attracted to trailer parks Tornadoes never hit large cities Opening all your windows will reduce damage to your home Tornadoes are always preceded by hail
33 How Tornadoes are Classified Source:
34 Ingredients for a Thunderstorm: Fuel : water vapor Cold air aloft & Warm moist air below: instability Lifting mechanism Source: NOAA/NWS
35 Approximate Locations of Tornado Alley (red) and Dixie Alley (blue)
36 Tornado Frequency by state (left) Tornado Fatalities by state (right) Source: NOAA s Storm Prediction Center WCM Page
37 Super Outbreak 2011 April Not quite a worst case scenario but close 362 confirmed tornadoes and just over 300 fatalities in several states One of the costliest outbreaks causing over 11 billion dollars in damage Covered 21 states from Texas to New York 68 fatalities in the Southern Region
38 Super Outbreak Tornadoes EF0: 133 EF1: 143 EF2: 49 EF3: 22 EF4: 11 EF5: Source: NOAA s Storm Prediction Center Storm Reports Page
39 Super Outbreak Damage Philadelphia, MS - April 27, EF5 Source:
40 Super Outbreak Damage Apison, TN April 27, 2011 EF3/Ef4 Source: eak#/media/file:april_27,_2011_mississippi_tornado_damage.jpgcar
41 Moore, Oklahoma Super Twister It doesn t take an outbreak to cause devastation EF5 Tornado with estimated wind speeds of 210mph Tornado was on the ground for 47 mins and cut out a 17 mile track that at its peak was 1.3 miles wide. 24 Fatalities and 221 injuries Over 2 billion dollars in damage including the destruction of 1,150 homes
42 Moore, Oklahoma Devastation
43 Moore, Oklahoma Devastation Image source:
44 Tornado Outbreak, February 23, 2016 What is an Outbreak?? This outbreak had 13 twisters Impacts: Hundreds of homes destroyed: over 200 in Laplace, LA alone 160 mobile homes destroyed in Sugar Hill Recreational Park 3 People Dead, two in Louisiana School and University closures Thousands were left without power Total injury count unknown Disaster declarations for several parishes Impacts were minimized by NOAA s Efforts
45 Outbreak consisted of 13 Tornadoes in Southeast LA (11) and Southern MS (2) EF0: 7 EF1: 3 EF2: 2 EF3: 1 EF4: 0 EF5: 0
46 Source: Steve Caparotta, WAFB Weather Forecasted Threat
47 Sugar Hill Recreational Park, Convent, LA Gold s Gym, Prairieville, LA Source: theadvocate.com Source: theadvocate.com
48 Winter Weather in the South
49 Winter Temperature Climatology
50 Winter Temperature Climatology Corinth, MS: -19 F Seminole, TX: -23 F Minden, LA: -16 F
51 Snowfall Climatology
52 What is the greatest snow total ever measured along the U.S. Gulf Coast? a) 16 inches at Shell Beach, LA b) 20 inches in Houston, TX c) 6 inches in Mobile, AL d) 24 inches in Rayne, LA
53 Snowfall Climatology Follett, TX: 25 in Tunica and Mt. Pleasant, MS: 18 in Colfax, LA: 13 in
54 What is the greatest snow total ever measured along the U.S. Gulf Coast? a) 16 inches at Shell Beach, LA b) 20 inches in Houston, TX c) 6 inches in Mobile, AL d) 24 inches in Rayne, LA Answer: D 24 inches in Rayne, LA, associated with the February 1895 Snowstorm
55 February 1895 Snowstorm "For more than twelve hours past snow has fallen here steadily and tonight [evening of February 14] the Crescent City is wrapped in a mantle of white such as she never wore before... Street car service was entirely suspended this afternoon Source: "New Orleans Covered," Fort Worth Gazette, February 15, 1895.
56 February 1895 Snowstorm One to two feet of snow across portions of Louisiana!
57 February 1895 Snowstorm Snowfall Totals in TX Brownsville: 3-6 in Galveston: 15.4 in Houston: 20 in
58 Pearl St., Beaumont, TX Olive, TX
59 Feb. 14, 1895 Weather Map Temperatures across the Gulf Coast in the 20s. Low pressure offshore in the Gulf 20
60 Feb. 15, 1895 Weather Map 20 L
61 Southern US Weather Related Fatalities
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