2. What causes these weather changes?

Transcription

1 Weather

2 Table of Contents Essential Questions... 1 Vocabulary... 2 Weather Symbols... 5 Bringing the Rain to Kapiti Plain... 7 Weather Instruments... 8 Weather Forecasting... 13

3 Essential Questions 1. How does weather change across different areas of our hemisphere? Of our world? 2. What causes these weather changes?

4 Weather Vocabulary weather: is what is happening in the atmosphere at a certain place and time atmosphere: air that surrounds the Earth troposphere: most weather occurs in this layer, the lowest of the atmosphere stratosphere: the layer of atmosphere above the troposphere-airplanes fly this layer to avoid weather air masses: body of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout meteorologist: scientist who studies the atmosphere and weather forecast: prediction of what the weather will be in the future barometer: measures air pressure wind vanes: show wind direction anemometers: measure the speed of the wind hygrometer: measure humidity humidity: is the amount of water vapor in the air relative humidity: compares the amount of water vapor in the air with the greatest amount that could be in the air at that temperature and pressure rain gauge: precipitation in the form of rain is measured

5 -weather: Weather Vocabulary -meteorologist: scientists who studies the atmosphere and weather -climate: -forecast: to say that something will happen in the future- to predict something such as weather after looking at the information that is available -humidity- amount of water vapor in the atmosphere -atmosphere- air that surrounds the Earth -troposphere: most weather occurs in this layer, the lowest of the atmosphere -ocean current-steady flow of water in the ocean that moves in one direction like a river.

6 Vocabulary frontsair pressureair masswind-

7 Weather Symbols low pressure high pressure

8 Weather Symbols

9 Questions about Kapiti Plain: Bringing the Rain to Kapiti Plain 1. On the plain what does a herdsman do/produce? 2. What scarce natural resource did Ki-pat need in order to have enough green grass to feed his herds? 3. What is it called when a region has such a severe scarcity of rain that it affects the land and all who need it? 4. Explain how Ki-pat solved the severe scarcity. 5. Is this really how people get rain to fall?

10 weather satellite: measures weather and climate on Earth from space. weather balloon: carries all weather instruments into the air and sends data back to the ground. ocean buoy: measures weather data from the middle of the ocean with the tools on it. Beaufort scale: measures the strength of the wind

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12 weather satellite- used to monitor weather and climate on earth weather balloon- carries all weather instruments into the air and sends data back to the ground Beaufort scale- measures wind strength

13 like a thermometer is easy to make relative humidity is measured used a pine cone and string it will open if rain comes close if dry Hygrometer moisture in the air the most common this instrument is the psychrometer relative humidity is the amount of water in the air their are differenty types of this instrument

14 invented in 1644 by Evangelista there are 2 types mercury and aneroid Barometer used to measure pressure in the atmosphere Torricellis showed the pressure of the atmosphere equals the weight of a 30 in coloum of mercury weather forecasters use it to indicate a change in weather Mercury one consists of a glass tube Aneroid are less accurate than mercury ones

15 directs the way wind goes some are electronic it is one of the oldest instruments Weather Vane arrows show direction the wind is coming from the breeze turns the arrow until it catches both sides Underneath it has all the directions the back of the arrow will move at the slightest wind movement

16 invented by Jang Leong Sil Measure the amount of rainfall Greeks were the first to record rainfall Invented in 1441 AD Rain Gauge used alot by meteorologists and hydrologists 4 different kinds Invented several more times usually measures in millimeters

17 Weather vs Climate *condition of air at a certain place and time *determined by temperature, humidity, and air pressure *change hourly, daily, or weekly *long term weather pattern *determined by average temperature, elevation, ocean currents *year long or month long patterns *tropical, temperate, polar, arid, marine, continental *Gulf Stream impacts climate of Western Europe by bringing warmer water from the Tropics

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22 Clouds clouds are made of water vapor and dust 3 Main Types of Clouds Cirrus high made of ice crystals wispy like hair *alto- mean middle *nimbus- means rain Cumulus Stratus thin and flat Puffy low like cotton balls cover the sky gray in color flat bottoms seen in good weather fog bring rain cumulonimbus- thunder cloud altostratus- middle gray cloud

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24 High MIDDLE Low Ice Crystals Mid-Level Alto rain nimbus water droplets

25 Fronts cold front- cold air mass clashes with a warm air mass and pushes the warm air up- forms cumulus clouds- you can have heavy precipitation warm front- warm air mass catches up with a cold air mass and it climbs over it- creates stratus clouds- can have light precipitation stationary front- warm air and cold air meet and neither is strong enough to move the other- sits in one placeyou have the same weather for several days occluded front- warm air gets caught between two cold air masses- heavy wind and precipitation- strongest storms Air Masses Maritime Polar- cold wet weather Continental Polar- cold dry weather Maritime Tropical- warm wet weather Continental Tropical- warm dry weather

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27 High Pressure Air Pressure Low Pressure usually found with cooler, clear weather air will sink has dry, sunny weather usually found with warmer, wet weather air will rise warmer temperatures Cool air is more dense High and low pressure are caused by the uneven heating of Earth's surface. *****Air moves from HIGH TO LOW ***** (Nemo Effect) When air pressure changes it creates wind. Air Pressure depends on height, temperature, and water vapor Higher Pressure at sea level (air pushed down more here) Lower pressure is up higher hot air moves out to sea while cool air sinks over land Coriolis Effect- wind blows in a curved path due to uneven heating

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29 Wind trade winds- bring hurricanes from the coast of Africa to the east coast of the United States prevailing westerlies- move the weather across the United States (from west to east) jet stream- large wind current that flows west to east and dips north or south to change the temperature where we live- can help planes fly faster when traveling west to east doldrums: Area of almost no wind near the equator between the trade winds

30 Wind *Occurs due to the uneven heating of the earth Types of Winds -prevailing winds- blow constant - jet stream- blows fast - trade winds- blow toward equator -doldrums- at the equator -local winds- Santa Ana winds, Fohn, Chinook

31 * control weather in U.S.

32 El Nino and La Nina *drive weather patterns from the Pacific Ocean *happen every 2-7 years *can affect climate *El Nino brings warmer temperatures *La Nina brings cooler temperatures

33 Weather Forecasting Question: How are weather forecasts made? Prediction: Procedures: Read text from Weather Forecasting books in delta science kit pg. 2 & pgs. 7-8 Data: What causes weather systems to move? How do clouds help meteorologists make weather forecasts? Why is weather forecasting more accurate today? How is severe weather predicted?

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