ATMOSPHERIC MODEL. Iracema Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti

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1 ATMOSPHERIC MODEL Iracema Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti José Paulo Bonatti CPTEC/INPE Silvio Nilo Figueroa- CPTEC/INPE Paulo Kubota CPTEC/INPE Henrique M.J. Barbosa- USP Solange Souza-CPTEC/INPE Christopher C. Cunningham-CPTEC/INPE Alexandre Costa-Universidade do Ceará Saulo Barros- USP Enver Ramirez-CPTEC/INPE Virginia P. Silveira- CPTEC/INPE Workshop Modelo Brasileiro do Sistema Terrestre FAPESP February 2013

2 The atmospheric component is the basis of a climate model. Equations of atmospheric dynamics and physical parameterizations Convection Clouds Precipitation Radiation Fluxes from surface (land and ocean) Atmospheric circulation etc

3 CHALLENGES IN AGCMs Better representation of cloud physics Interaction Radiation-clouds cover- aerosolwater vapor-green house gases Atmospheric chemistry Snow and sea ice- albedo Gravity waves Better representation of the stratosphere Convection schemes-still improvements

4 Recent developments CPTEC/INPE AGCM Clouds Microphysics New Boundary Layer scheme Surface scheme IBIS (base of INLAND used in the continental modeling component) Moisture transport in the semi-lagrangean grid Flux Parameterization over the oceans

5 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW VERSION OF CPTEC/INPE AGCM (NOVEMBER 2012) J.P. Bonatti, S.N. Figueroa, P.Kubota e S. Barros

6 CPTEC/INPE AGCM NEW VERSION

7 EXPERIMENTS Convection Kuo, Grell Precipitation Large scale, Cloud Microphysics GMIC: Grell and microphysics GLSC: Grell and Large scale KMIC: Kuo and Microphysics KLSC:Kuo and Large scale mm/day

8 PRECIPITATION SEASONALITY The model represents well the differences of seasons DJF JJA AGCM mm/day GPCP (observed)

9 mm/day Global precipitation

10 CHALLENGES FOR SOUTH AMERICA Improve the representation of summer precipitation, mainly over Amazonia, La Plata basin, SACZ Improve the representation of precipitation in the Indonesia region- teleconnections Improve the representation of the Andes Cordillera DJF mm/day CPTEC AGCM 2002 CPTEC AGCM 2012 Precipitation bias

11 Humidity flux ( hpa) DJF AGCM Reanalysis ERA I

12 Zonal mean Precipitation DJF JJA

13 Zonal wind zonal mean 200 hpa DJF JJA

14 Vertical structure of zonal DJF mean wind JJA ERA I AGCM

15 SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE teleconnection between high and middle latitudes DJF JJA AGCM ERA I

16 CPTEC/COLA AGCM Precipitation anomaly Dipole SE/South SACZ PSA pattern

17 Representation of precipitation extremes GPCP AGCM WET DRY

18 Representation of the opposite PSA sign reanalysis AGCM wet dry

19 Actions to reduce the errors Improve the boundary layer scheme Adjust the Grell convection scheme Improve the microphysics scheme Improve the relation radiation- cloudsaerosol-water vapor- greenhouse gases Improve the gravity waves treatment Improve sea-ice and snow treatment Continue the improvement of radiation scheme

20 ACTIONS TO IMPROVE THE DYNAMICS 1. Change the vertical sigma coordinate to hybrid 2. Prepare the model to higher resolutions 3. Development of non hydrostatic dynamic to use higher resolution (less than 50 km) 4. Development of 3D semi-lagrangean advection 5. Improve the Legendre transform to reduce the computational costs to high resolution runs.

21 Interaction with the other components Carbon cycle- all components of the climate model Biogeochemical cycles- the role of ecosystems Land use (Amazon deforestation)[ dynamical vegetation] Aerosol emission Need to analyze the fields after the coupling with other components Atmosphere-ocean Atmosphere-land

22 What is the Brazilian contribution to the knowledge of global climate change and especially climate change in Brazil? A good representation of precipitation/convection in the Amazonia and SACZ regions is important to a good global climate representation. They are sources of humidity (Amazonia) and Rossby waves (SACZ). The majority of global models, although representing the general features of South America, presents deficiencies in this representation.

23 FINAL REMARKS Continuous developments have been performed in the CPTEC/INPE AGCM aiming improvements in weather and climate.