VIDUTINĖS KLIMATINIŲ RODIKLIŲ REIKŠMĖS LIETUVOJE

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1 VIDUTINĖS KLIMATINIŲ RODIKLIŲ REIKŠMĖS LIETUVOJE m. CLIMATE AVERAGES FOR LITHUANIA m.

2 Įvadas Lietuvoje meteorologinių stebėjimų istorija siekia 177 m., kai Vilniaus Universitete buvo pradėti pirmieji kasdieniniai oro temperatūros stebėjimai, kurių duomenis turime nuo 1777 m. Nuo šių metų turime vidutinę metinės temperatūros kreivę, kuri leidžia spręsti apie Lietuvos klimato pokyčius per 24 metų. Kritulių stebėjimai pradėti nuo 1871 m., vėjo nuo 183 m. Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnyba savo veiklą pradėjo 1921 m. rugsėjo 3 d., kai buvo įsteigta Centrinė meteorologijos stotis. Šiandien Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnyba prie Aplinkos ministerijos subūrė stiprų kolektyvą ir, pasitelkusi naujausius meteorologijos mokslo pasiekimus bei šiuolaikines technologijas, teikia išsamią, operatyvią ir tikslią informaciją apie orus, meteorologinių parametrų ir klimato kaitą, skelbia perspėjimus apie stichinius meteorologinius reiškinius. Tarnybos specialistai teikia senus archyvinius, įvairių laikotarpių ir trukmės meteorologinius duomenis, specialią informaciją įvairioms ūkio šakoms. Tarnyboje yra parengti visų meteorologinių parametrų žinynai, monografija Lietuvos klimatas, rengiami įvairūs kiti leidiniai. Tarnybos Technikos skyriuje galima atlikti patikrą ar kalibruoti atmosferos slėgio, santykinės oro drėgmės, oro temperatūros, oro ir vandens srauto greičio, debesų aukščio, atmosferos skaidrumo bei sniego tankio matavimo priemones. Daugiau informacijos apie Tarnybos teikiamas paslaugas ir saugomus duomenis Jūs galite rasti arba kreiptis el. paštu: lhmt@meteo.lt. Šiame informaciniame leidinyje Jūs rasite m. vidutinės oro temperatūros, kritulių kiekio, Saulės spindėjimo trukmės ir vėjo greičio reikšmes bei jų nuokrypius nuo standartinės klimato normos ( m.). Introduction History of meteorological observations in Lithuania dates back to 177, when first daily temperature measurements started at Vilnius University. However measurement data retained only since From that date we have average annual temperature data, which allow us to assess climate variations in Lithuania during 24 years. Precipitation observations started in 1871, and wind measurements in 183. Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service (LHMS) originated on 3 th of September 1921, when its predecessor a Central Meteorological Station was established. Today, Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service under the Ministry of Environment have a professional staff and is applying the newest advances in meteorological science and technology to provide comprehensive and accurate operational information on weather and climate change and to issue timely warnings of hazardous meteorological phenomena. Specialists at LHMS provide archival data from different time periods and time series, specific information for various branches of economy, prepare guides on various meteorological parameters, have published a monograph Lithuanian Climate and prepared other publications. Technical Division of LHMS ensure testing and calibration of devices measuring atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, air temperature, air and water flow, cloud height, visibility and snow density. More information about the services and data provided by LHMS you can find on our website: or contacting us directly by lhmt@meteo.lt. In this brochure you will find average values of air temperature, amount of precipitation, sunshine duration and wind speed in and deviations of these parameters from their standard climatic normals. 2

3 Kadangi nuo standartinės klimato normos ( m., toliau SKN) laikotarpio praėjo daugiau nei 2 metų, o per tą laikotarpį vyko labai spartūs klimato pokyčiai, šiame leidinyje nutarta apžvelgti paskutiniųjų 3 metų ( m.) pagrindinių klimato rodiklių oro temperatūros, kritulių, vėjo ir Saulės spindėjimo trukmės, pokyčius, jų nuokrypius nuo SKN. Skaičiavimams buvo panaudoti 18 meteorologijos stočių (toliau MS) oro temperatūros ir vėjo duomenys, 8 MS Saulės spindėjimo duomenys ir 52 stočių (meteorologijos, automatinių meteorolologijos ir vandens matavimo) kritulių duomenys. Stebėjimų tinklas More than 2 years have passed since the calculation of current climatic normal ( , referenced as CN) and during that period significant changes in climate patterns were observed. This publication aims to present the changes of most important climate indicators during the last 3 years ( ) and to compare them with CN. Climate indicators presented in this publication are: air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind direction and speed. Air temperature and wind data were acquired from 18 meteorological stations (MS), sunshine duration data from 8 MS, precipitation data from 52 stations (meteorological, automatic and water gauging stations). Observations network 3

4 Oro temperatūra m. Temperature Vidutinė oro temperatūra Mean temperature Metinė vidutinė oro temperatūra, C Annual mean temperature, C Oro temperatūra vienas svarbiausių klimato elementų. Oro temperatūros pokyčius lemia: geografinė padėtis, Saulės spinduliuotės prietaka, atmosferos cirkuliacijos procesai, reljefas ir paklotinio paviršiaus ypatybės, nuotolis nuo jūros. Dėl spartaus klimato šiltėjimo vis dažniau pasitaiko metinės, sezonų ir atskirų mėnesių oro temperatūros nuokrypiai nuo SKN m. vidutinė metinė oro temperatūra Lietuvoje buvo 6,9 C (SKN 6,2 C). Šilčiausias mėnuo liepa 17,9 C (SKN 16,7 C), šalčiausias sausis -3,2 C (SKN -5,1 C). Air temperature is one of the most important climate indicators. Fluctuations of air temperature are determined by geographical position, incoming solar radiation, global atmospheric air circulation, terrain conformation, distance from the sea and land cover characteristics. Due to rapid climate warming annual, seasonal and monthly departures from CN are observed with increasing frequency. In annual average air temperature in Lithuania was 6.9 C (CN 6.2 C). The warmest month was July with average temperature 17.9 C (CN 16.7 C), and the coldest was January with -3.2 C (CN -5.1 C).,9,8,7,6,5 C Biržai Dotnuva Dūkštas Kaunas Kybartai Klaipėda Laukuva Lazdijai Nida Panevėžys Raseiniai Šiauliai Šilutė Telšiai Ukmergė Utena Varėna Vilnius LIETUVA Nuokrypis nuo SKN, C Deviations from Normal, C 4

5 Oro temperatūra m. Temperature Sezonų vidutinė oro temperatūra, C Seasonal mean temperature, C Žiema Winter Pavasaris Spring C 2,5 2, 1,5 1,,5, Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Gruodis Dec Sausis Jan Vasaris Feb Žiema Winter C 1,5 1,,5, Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Kov as Mar Balandis Apr Gegužė May Pav asaris Spring Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, C Deviations from Normal, C Vasara Summer Ruduo Autumn C 1,5 1,,5, -,5 Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Birželis June Liepa July Rugpjūtis Aug Vasara Summer C,5, -,5 Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Rugsėjis Sep Spalis Oct Lapkritis Nov Ruduo Autumn Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, C Deviations from Normal, C 5

6 Oro temperatūra m. Temperature Mėnesių vidutinė oro temperatūra, C Monthly mean temperature, C Sausis January Vasaris February Kovas March Balandis April Gegužė May Birželis June 6

7 Oro temperatūra m. Temperature Liepa July Rugpjūtis August Rugsėjis September Spalis October Lapkritis November Gruodis December 7

8 Krituliai m. Precipitation Metinis kritulių kiekis, mm Kritulių kiekis labiausiai svyruojantis klimato rodiklis. Veiksniai, lemiantys kritulių kiekį, jų susidarymo ypatybes bei pasiskirstymą Lietuvoje yra labai įvairūs: atmosferos cirkuliacija, vietovės geografinė padėtis, nuotolis nuo jūros, reljefas, kalvų šlaitų padėtis vyraujančių oro masių atžvilgiu, vandens telkiniai ir t. t. Vidutiniškai m. laikotarpiu per metus iškrito 695 mm kritulių (SKN 675 mm). Daugiau kritulių tenka šiltajam laikotarpiui (4 1 mėn.) 449 mm (SKN 445 mm), mažiau šaltajam (11 3 mėn.) 246 mm (SKN 23 mm). Krituliai Precipitation Annual precipitation, mm Precipitation is the most variable climate attribute. Precipitation patterns in Lithuania are determined by different factors: atmospheric circulation, geographical location of the area, distance from the sea, terrain, position of the slopes in respect to dominating air masses, water bodies, etc. Average annual amount of precipitation during period was 695 mm (CN 675 mm). Most of the precipitation fall during the warm season (May-October) 449 mm (CN 445 mm), and less during the cold season (November-March) 246 mm (CN 23 mm) % Biržai Dūkštas Kaunas Kybartai Klaipėda Laukuva Lazdijai Nida Panevėžys Raseiniai Šiauliai Šilutė Telšiai Ukmergė Utena Varėna Vilnius LIETUVA Nuokrypis nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % 8

9 Krituliai m. Precipitation Sezonų kritulių kiekis, mm Seasonal precipitation, mm Žiema Winter Pavasaris Spring % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Gruodis Dec Sausis Jan Vasaris Feb Žiema Winter % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Kov as Mar Balandis Apr Gegužė May Pav asaris Spring Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % Vasara Summer Ruduo Autumn % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Birželis June Liepa July Rugpjūtis Aug Vasara Summer % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA Rugsėjis Sep Spalis Oct Lapkritis Nov Ruduo Autumn Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % 9

10 Krituliai m. Precipitation Mėnesių kritulių kiekis, mm Monthly precipitation, mm Sausis January Vasaris February Kovas March Balandis April Gegužė May Birželis June 1

11 Krituliai m. Precipitation Liepa July Rugpjūtis August Rugsėjis September Spalis October Lapkritis November Gruodis December 11

12 Saulės spindėjimas m. Sunshine Saulės spindėjimas Sunshine Metinė Saulės spindėjimo trukmė, val. Saulės spindėjimo trukmė tai valandų skaičius per metus (mėnesį, sezoną) kai šviečia Saulė. Kadangi Lietuvos teritorija nedidelė, dienos trukmė visoje šalyje labai panaši, tai regioniniai Saulės spindėjimo skirtumai priklauso nuo debesuotumo, atmosferos drumstumo ir pan m. vidutinė saulės spindėjimo trukmė per metus Lietuvoje buvo 1851 val. (SKN 1782 val.). Ilgiausia Saulės spindėjimo trukmė yra pajūryje ir vakarinėje šalies dalyje, val. (SKN val.). Trumpiausiai Saulė spindi pietrytinėje šalies dalyje, 169 val. (SKN 169 val.). Total annual sunshine, h Duration of sunshine is the amount of hours per year (month or season) when Sun was shining in particular spot. Territory of Lithuania is small and duration of the day is very similar, so regional variations of sunshine are determined by the cloudiness, atmospheric clearness, etc. Average sunshine duration per year during period in Lithuania was 1851 h (CN 1782 h). Sunshine duration is longest on the coast and western part of the country h (CN h). Shortest sunshine duration is in the south-eastern part of the country 169 h (CN 169 h) % KAUNAS KLAIPĖDA NIDA ŠIAULIAI ŠILUTĖ TELŠIAI UTENA VILNIUS Nuokrypis nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % 12

13 Saulės spindėjimas m. Sunshine Sezonų Saulės spindėjimo trukmė, val. Seasonal mean sunshine, h Žiema Winter Pavasaris Spring % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius Gruodis Dec Sausis Jan Vasaris Feb Žiema Winter % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius Kov as Mar Balandis Apr Gegužė May Pav asaris Spring Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % Vasara Summer Ruduo Autumn 15 % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius Birželis June Liepa July Rugpjūtis Aug Vasara Summer 2 % Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius Rugsėjis Sep Spalis Oct Lapkritis Nov Ruduo Autumn Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, % Deviations from Normal, % 13

14 Saulės spindėjimas m. Sunshine Mėnesių vidutinė Saulės spindėjimo trukmė, val. Monthly mean sunshine, h Sausis January Vasaris February Kovas March Balandis April Gegužė May Birželis June 14

15 Saulės spindėjimas m. Sunshine Liepa July Rugpjūtis August Rugsėjis September Spalis October Lapkritis November Gruodis December 15

16 Vėjas m. Wind Metinis vidutinis vėjo greitis, m/s Lietuva palyginti silpnų ir vidutinių vėjų šalis. Visais metų laikais stipriausi vėjai pučia pajūryje ir Kuršių nerijoje 5, 5,5 m/s (SKN 5,5 6, m/s), silpniausi vėjai pučia pietrytinėje ir šiaurrytinėje Lietuvos dalyje 2, 2,5 m/s (SKN 2,5 3, m/s). Beveik visus metus Lietuvos teritorijoje vyrauja pietinių ir vakarų krypčių vėjai. Vėjas Wind Annual mean wind speed, m/s Lithuania is a country with relatively weak and modest winds. Strongest winds all year round are on the coast and in Curonian Spit 5,-5,5 m/s (CN 5,5-6, m/s); weakest winds are observed in South-east and North-east Lithuania 2,-2,5 m/s (CN 2,5-3, m/s). Southern and western winds dominate in Lithuania through out the year.,5, -,5-1, -1,5 m/s Biržai Dotnuva Dūkštas Kaunas Kybartai Klaipėda Laukuva Lazdijai Nida Panevėžys Raseiniai Šiauliai Šilutė Telšiai Ukmergė Utena Varėna Vilnius LIETUVA Nuokrypis nuo SKN, m/s Deviations from Normal, m/s 16

17 Vėjas m. Wind Sezonų vidutinis vėjo greitis, m/s Žiema Winter Seasonal mean wind speed, m/s Pavasaris Spring, m/s Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA, m/s Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA -,5 -,5-1, Gruodis Dec Sausis Jan Vasaris Feb Žiema Winter -1, Kov as Mar Balandis Apr Gegužė May Pav asaris Spring Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, m/s Deviations from Normal, m/s Vasara Summer Ruduo Autumn, -,5 m/s Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA m/s Kaunas Klaipėda Vilnius LIETUVA, -,5-1, -1, Birželis June Liepa July Rugpjūtis Aug Vasara Summer -1,5 Rugsėjis Sep Spalis Oct Lapkritis Nov Ruduo Autumn Nuokrypiai nuo SKN, m/s Deviations from Normal, m/s 17

18 Vėjas m. Wind Mėnesių vidutinis vėjo greitis, m/s Monthly mean wind speed, m/s Sausis January Vasaris February Kovas March Balandis April Gegužė May Birželis June 18

19 Vėjas m. Wind Liepa July Rugpjūtis August Rugsėjis September Spalis October Lapkritis November Gruodis December 19

20 Vėjas m. Wind Vėjas Wind Metinės vėjų rožės, % Annual wind roses, % 2

21 Vėjas m. Wind Vilniaus ir Klaipėdos vėjų rožės, % Vilnius and Klaipėda wind roses, % W NW Metų Annual N NE E SW SE Vilnius Klaipėda S W Žiema Winter NW N NE E Tyka: 2, % 1,3 % Calm: 2, % 1,3 % Pavasaris Spring W NW N NE E SW SE SW SE Tyka: 1,9 % 1,2 % Calm: 1,9 % 1,2 % S Vasara Summer W NW N NE E Tyka: 1,8 % 1,5 % Calm: 1,8 % 1,5 % S Ruduo Autumn W NW N NE E SW SE SW SE Tyka: 2,6 % 1,4 % Calm: 2,6 % 1,4 % S Vilnius Tyka: 1,6 % 1,1 % Calm: 1,6 % 1,1 % Klaipėda S 21

22 Vidutinės ir ekstremalios reikšmės m. Mean and extreme values Mėnesių ir metų vidutinės ir ekstremalios reikšmės, m. Monthly and annual mean and extreme values Oro temperatūra, C Temperature, C Vidutinė mėnesio Mean monthly Aukščiausia paros Daily maximum Žemiausia paros Daily minimum Kritulių kiekis, mm Precipitation, mm Vidutinis mėnesio Mean monthly Didžiausias paros Greatest daily total Dienų su krituliais skaičius (,1 mm) Mean no. of days with precip. (,1 mm) Vėjo greitis, m/s Wind speed, m/s Vidutinis mėnesio Mean monthly Didžiausias paros (gūsis) Max. gust Saulės spindėjimo trukmė, val. Sunshine duration, h Vidutinė mėnesio Mean monthly Ilgiausia per parą Greatest daily duration VILNIUS Metų Annual -4, -3,8,2 7, 12,8 15,7 18, 17,1 12, 6,8 1,2-2,8 6,7 1,9 13,5 19,4 26,2 31,1 31,6 34,7 34,5 31,5 23,2 15,5 9,6 34,7-3,7-26,9-24,8-8,7-3,8 1,2 5,8 4,5-2,9-9,4-19,5-3,1-3,7 48, 37,4 42,3 43,2 57,4 73,4 89,3 74,9 66,1 54,7 47,4 52,8 686,7 21,4 12,3 19,3 62,5 53,7 35,8 84,7 85,1 55,8 26, ,1 18,9 16,4 14,4 1,9 12,5 14,2 13,9 12,8 12,8 13,6 15,7 18,8 175, 4, 3,7 3,5 3,2 3,1 2,9 2,7 2,7 3, 3,5 3,8 3,8 3, , 9,5 12,2 13,9 15,7 16,4 16,2 14,7 13, 11,3 8,6 7, 16,4 22

23 Vidutinės ir ekstremalios reikšmės m. Mean and extreme values Mėnesių ir metų vidutinės ir ekstremalios reikšmės, m. Monthly and annual mean and extreme values Oro temperatūra, C Temperature, C Vidutinė mėnesio Mean monthly Aukščiausia paros Daily maximum Žemiausia paros Daily minimum Kritulių kiekis, mm Precipitation, mm Vidutinis mėnesio Mean monthly Didžiausias paros Greatest daily total Dienų su krituliais skaičius (,1 mm) Mean no. of days with precip. (,1 mm) Vėjo greitis, m/s Wind speed, m/s Vidutinis mėnesio Mean monthly Didžiausias paros (gūsis) Max. gust Saulės spindėjimo trukmė, val. Sunshine duration, h Vidutinė mėnesio Mean monthly Ilgiausia per parą Greatest daily duration KLAIPĖDA Metų Annual -1,1-1,4 1,3 6,2 11,4 14,5 17,7 17,8 13,6 9, 3,8,5 7,8 9,5 15,4 18,6 26,6 29,1 32,7 33,6 32,8 28,4 22,2 12,7 1,6 33,6-27,8-25,2-2,8-6,3-1,9,8 5,4 5,5-1,4-7,5-14,6-19,6-27,8 64,2 41,3 45,6 32,3 4,7 6,8 6,9 86,9 82,2 91,9 89,4 71,7 768, 26,9 15,4 19,9 28,4 24, ,9 7,4 28,2 32,6 32,8 2,3 73,9 19,1 15,9 15,4 1,9 1,6 12,2 11,4 13,7 14,1 17,3 19, 19,8 179,4 5,8 5, 4,5 3,9 3,6 3,8 3,8 3,9 4,4 5,1 5,3 5,4 4, ,4 9,4 12,3 14,5 15,6 16,5 16,6 15,2 12,9 1,7 8,2 6,1 16,6 23

24 VIDUTINĖS KLIMATINIŲ RODIKLIŲ REIKŠMĖS LIETUVOJE CLIMATE AVERAGES FOR LITHUANIA Rengė / Prepared by: Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnybos prie Aplinkos ministerijos Klimatologijos skyrius Climatology Division at Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service under the Ministry of Environment Tekstas / Text: Dr. Audronė Galvonaitė Vertimas / Translation: Justinas Kilpys Grafikai ir žemėlapiai / Figures and maps: Zina Kitrienė ir Donatas Valiukas Maketavo / Layout: Zina Kitrienė Redagavo / Edited by: Monika Misiūnienė LIETUVOS HIDROMETEOROLOGIJOS TARNYBA prie Aplinkos ministerijos Rudnios g. 6, LT-93 Vilnius Tel. (8-5) Faks. (8-5) El. p. lhmt@meteo.lt KLIMATOLOGIJOS SKYRIUS Tel. (8-5) El. p. audrone.galvonaite@meteo.lt 24

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