Notebook/Study guide

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Arline Cunningham
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1 Q1 Notebook/Study guide Name Homeroom Teacher Group #

3 Table of Contents Lesson Name Page # Getting Ready Tools for Inquiry

4 Science: Getting Ready Getting Ready 1: Tools for Inquiry (Wolf pg.2-9) FQ: List the tools you use in science and explain how you use them. P: standard measure - a rule of (metric system) set by an authority, such as a ; we have these standard units so can agree on how long, big, hot and so on things are. volume an amount of, measured in cubic units; length x width x height = volume mass the of something observe to use your (sight, smell, taste, touch, sound) to notice interesting things about an object or objects; **NEVER taste/touch/smell objects in science, unless an adult says that it is okay!** handle to something

5 C: Scientists use tools for measuring,, temperature, and the pull of. They also use tools for making and for objects safely and carefully.

6 Science: Getting Ready Getting Ready 2: Inquiry Skills (Wolf pg.10-17) FQ: 1) Is there a special way that scientists learn? Please explain. 2) Draw what you think a scientist looks like below. P: Draw what you think a scientist looks like. Use your abcd s! A = accuracy, B = big, C = color, D= detailed (labels) inference an untested based on your predict to use your knowledge to what will happen next; scientists use their to help them predict

7 hypothesis a & a why you think it will happen classify to into categories experiment a of a hypothesis; all variables are variable the things that can in an experiment; to make it a fair test, variables must be the except for the one you are testing Example of controlled variables: If you are testing the absorption of different brands of paper towels, then you must have the same tools used for each paper towel the same amount of water applied to each paper towel the same size paper towels the same method of applying the water to each paper towel the same ply of paper towels different brands of paper towels C: can develop the same kinds of that use to learn more about the world.

8 Science: Getting Ready Getting Ready 3: Scientific Method (Wolf pg.18-23) FQ: Why do scientists follow a particular process to complete an experiment? P: scientific method a that scientists find out things work and each other Let s Dance: Follow the motions that your teacher shows you. Practice these every day! 1. Observe and ask questions (binocular hands on eyes) 2. Form a hypothesis (use 2 fingers to tap brain) 3. Plan an experiment (use 3 fingers to write on other hand) 4. Do the experiment [The FUN part!] (jump around 4 times with arms moving everywhere) 5. Draw conclusions & show your work! (use 5 fingers to scratch chin, then 5 fingers to Vanna White )

9 Let s Dance observation: How will these motions help me remember the steps of the scientific method? _ C: The scientific method helps us gain knowledge. It helps scientists of possible answers to their and then conduct experiments to test their answers. This method also requires them to their findings.

10 Science: Getting Ready PLT: Earth Manners FQ: Are there any rules or guidelines that scientists need to follow when experimenting or observing? P: Rules my classmates thought of: Story: Read Trapper on the next two pages. Observation: How did the story make you feel? Do you think Trapper gave Muttsok good advice?

11 C: Exploring our environment can be really fun, but we need to also respect it by: Enrichment Activity: (PLT 379)

12 Practice for quiz tomorrow: Directions: Answer the questions below without any help or looking back. After you have done all that you can, check your work with your notes and/or get some help. If you still do not understand, see your teacher 1 st thing in the morning for some help. Matching 1. scientific method A. An amount of space a room/container has. 2. standard measure B. A is a testable explanation of an observation. 3. volume C. A unit used by a large group of people; metric system. 4. mass D. Scientists find out how things work and affect each other by using the. 5. observe E. A scientific test in which variables are carefully controlled is an. 6. handle F. are things that can change in an experiment. 7. inference G. When you, you use your senses. 8. hypothesis H. To something is to hold it. 9. predict I. An object s is its weight. 10. experiment J. When you make an observation and then draw a conclusion, you make an. 11. variables K. When you, you use your knowledge to guess what will happen next. Multiple choice Which tool measures distance? forceps graduate meter stick microscope 13. Which of these is a hypothesis? I wonders how long a cactus can live without water here on a sunny windowsill. This experiment will test how long a desert cactus can live without water on a sunny windowsill. How long can a desert cactus live without water on a sunny windowsill? A cactus will live without water for a month on a sunny windowsill, since it can live in a desert.

13 14. What is the main purpose of the scientific method? To ask questions To test ideas To share information To plan an experiment 15. In the scientific method, which of these do you do first? Draw conclusions Ask questions Communicate hypothesize 16. Which of these is an observation? The plant needs more water. The plant wilted on the third day. The plant will need water daily. The plant will not live in a desert. 17. Which tool measures volume? Hand lens Measuring cup Scale Ruler 18. Which inquiry skill is based on identifying common features? Classify Infer Predict Use numbers 19. Which of these is a possible inference based on seeing a bird eat seeds? The bird ate only the seeds. The bird doesn t eat meat. The bird has a thick beak. The males are quieter. 20. Which of these is an inquiry skill? Infer Scale Communicate Classify/order Essay 21. A model is not the real thing, so why do scientists use a model? 22. A scientist repeats another scientist s experiment but gets different results. What are possible causes?

14 Social Studies: Globes & Maps Geography 1: Using Globes (Regions pg.g4-g5) FQ: What does a globe show? P: ocean largest bodies of water on ; Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, & Pacific Ocean continent large bodies of on earth; North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica hemisphere (hemi = half) the equator an line that lies halfway the North Pole and the South Pole prime meridian an line of longitude that the North Pole to the South Pole C: Globes are of the earth. They show the,, and sometimes borders. Globes help us where all of these components are located on the.

Prime Meridian (zipper down the front) 6. Equator (hands on your hips) Song: *Let s be ready to compete with third grade!

15 Let s Dance: Follow the motions that your teacher shows you. Practice these every day! 1. Northern Hemisphere (arms up) 2. Southern Hemisphere (arms down) 3. Western Hemisphere (arms to the left) 4. Eastern Hemisphere (arms to the right) 5. Prime Meridian (zipper down the front) 6. Equator (hands on your hips) Song: *Let s be ready to compete with third grade! North and South America, Europe, Asia, too. Africa, Australia, Antarctica it s true All these 7 make a list, Of major blocks of land. They re the earth s big continents, Let s give them all a hand! Hemisphere Hemisphere equator prime meridian

16 Social Studies: Globes & Maps Geography 2: Using Maps (Regions pg.g6-g8) FQ: How do you use a map? P: compass rose a small on a map that can help you find and directions cardinal directions north ( ), south ( ), east ( ), & west ( ) intermediate directions northeast ( ), northwest ( ), southeast ( ), & southwest ( ) symbol a or shape used to something on a map; a star = map key ( ) a box on the map that gives the of each symbol used on a map scale shows the between distances shown on a map and the real

17 locator map a small set onto the main map; it shows where the area of the main map is located C: People use various components of a map in order to it. The helps find the direction of the map. The help readers find cities and important information easily. Map keys, or, help readers to know what the symbols stand for. help us know how large the area is on the map.

19 NW N NE W School E SW S SE

20 Social Studies: Globes & Maps Geography 3: Different Kinds of Maps (Regions pg.g9- G11) FQ: How many types of maps can you think of? (Name or describe them.) P: political map a map that shows information about, capital cities, states, and ; show with lines physical map ( map or map) a map that shows natural features, such as mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains transportation map a map that shows how you can from one place to another, by bike, car, on foot, bus, train, ship, airplane, etc. historical map a map that shows about and where they occurred *See the notes on the next couple of pages for examples of each of these types of maps.

21 C: People use maps for various reasons. Maps can help you understand: Natural & Where to What an area looked like in the

22 Social Studies: Globes & Maps Geography: Giving and Following Directions FQ: Why do people give directions? P: Understanding directions: Using of Is Harrisburg east or west of Pittsburgh? If someone uses of, you need to start at the location after that word. So, for this question, start at Pittsburgh and go which way to Harrisburg? Left Right Activity: Spy Search Directions 1. Everyone will sit on their desks the city blocks, except for 007. He/she will be in the hallway with the door shut. 2. The teacher will pick the spy and the navigator. 3. The teacher will have 007 enter the city where he/she will begin looking for the spy. He/she may ask for directions from the navigator only 4 times. The navigator will give either intermediate or cardinal directions may only guess who the spy is 4 times. 5. When the turn is complete, the spy will then be the next Continue playing until all have had a turn being either 007 or navigator. Observation: What do you notice when you play this game? What can improve your chances?

23 C: It is challenging giving and following, but everyone can do it if they concentrate on what is being. Cardinal & intermediate can be very helpful if you know where is. Using & is often used when giving directions.

24 Southeast Region States & Capitals Map Study Guide quiz on: AL - Alabama AR - Arkansas FL - Florida GA - Georgia KY - Kentucky LA - Louisiana MS - Mississippi NC - North Carolina SC - South Carolina TN - Tennessee VA - Virginia WV - West Virginia States in ABC order Atlanta Baton Rouge Charleston Columbia Frankfort Jackson Little Rock Montgomery Nashville Raleigh Richmond Tallahassee Capitals is ABC order Atlantic Ocean Everglades Mississippi River

25 Northeast Region States & Capitals Map Study Guide quiz on: CT - Connecticut DE - Delaware ME - Maine MD - Maryland MA - Massachusetts NH - New Hampshire NJ - New Jersey NY - New York PA - Pennsylvania RI - Rhode Island VT - Vermont States in ABC order Albany Annapolis Augusta Boston Concord Dover Harrisburg Hartford Montpelier Providence Trenton Capitals is ABC order Atlantic Ocean Lake Erie Lake Ontario Washington D.C. New England States: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, & Rhode Island Middle Atlantic States: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland

26 Mid-West Region States & Capitals Map Study Guide quiz on: IL Illinois IN Indiana IA Iowa KS Kansas MI Michigan MN Minnesota MO Missouri NE Nebraska ND North Dakota OH Ohio SD South Dakota WI Wisconsin States in ABC order Bismarck Columbus Des Moines Indianapolis Jefferson City Lansing Lincoln Madison Pierre Springfield St. Paul Topeka Capitals is ABC order She Made Her Eat Octopus Lake Superior Lake Michigan Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario

27 Southwest Region States & Capitals Map Study Guide quiz on: AZ Arizona NM New Mexico OK Oklahoma TX - Texas States in ABC order Austin Oklahoma City Phoenix Santa Fe Capitals is ABC order Rio Grande Gulf of California Gulf of Mexico

28 West Region States & Capitals Map Study Guide quiz on: AK - Alaska CA - California CO - Colorado HI - Hawaii ID - Idaho MT - Montana NV - Nevada OR - Oregon UT - Utah WA - Washington WY - Wyoming States in ABC order Boise Carson City Cheyenne Denver Helena Honolulu Juneau Olympia Sacramento Salem Salt Lake City Capitals is ABC order Canada Mexico Pacific Ocean

29 Earth s Changing Surface Inv. 6-4: Soil Composition (Wolf pg ) FQ: What is soil made of? P: (HYOO*muhs) the remains of decayed plants and animals layer of soil; different regions have different amounts of horizons layer of slightly decomposed organic material on the surface of the soil the solid rock that forms Earth s surface the largest particles that make up soil the smallest particles that make up soil nutrients that people add to the soil; can be made from or compost & animal waste C: All soil contains, water,, and sediment in layers called. The particles of soil can be different, textures and. They can also have different absorption levels.

30 (Inv.6-4) Make a soil horizon diagram for three different locations. Use Wolf pg.219 & your Regions book for help. *Remember to use your ABCDs of drawing. Soils of Mid-West (grassland) Soils of SW (desert) Soils of SE (coastal plain) Observation: What do you notice about these three soil horizons?

31 Changes to Earth s Surface Inv. 7-1: Earth s Landforms (Wolf pg /regions pg. 8-15) FQ: Name as many landforms as you can. P: a natural feature on Earth s surface an area that is higher than the land around it; at least 1,600 ft. tall; some are volcanoes an area with higher land around it; formed by rivers or glaciers large, flat landforms flat area that is raised higher than the land around it like a plateau, but smaller (BYOOT) like a mesa, but smaller shape of landforms in an area (Inv. 7-1)

32 formed at the end of rivers, these are formed by the movement of sand and sediment; often fan shaped hills of sand form by wind, found in dry areas or along sandy coasts a body of land surrounded by water (Inv.7-1) LAB Make a landform model 1. Each person in your group will make a different landform out of clay. Use your textbooks to help you form yours. 2. When you have finished, place each of your landforms on one poster and label them: delta, dunes, island, butte, mesa, plateau, plains, valley, mountains, or volcano. 3. Make a drawing of your group model below.

33 Landforms= forms (types) of land plains mountain valley basin peninsula island plateau mesa butte delta gulf coast

34 Changes to Earth s Surface Inv. 7-2: Earth s Landforms Change (Wolf pg ) FQ: What causes changes to Earth s landforms? P: a mountain that forms as lava flows through a crack onto Earth s surface melted rock Earth s thinnest layer that is made of solid rock layer of Earth that crust sits on; thickest layer core liquid center of Earth; made mostly of iron and nickel core solid center of Earth; temperature reaches 9,000 F the shaking of Earth s surface caused by movement of rock in the crust a break in the crust, where rock moves; causes earthquakes (Inv. 7-2)

soil and rock that rivers drop (deposit) on the river bed; forms deltas & floodplains a large piece of ice that moves under its own weight (FYAWRDZ) form

35 soil and rock that rivers drop (deposit) on the river bed; forms deltas & floodplains a large piece of ice that moves under its own weight (FYAWRDZ) form where the glaciers have widened a valley near the coast C: Earth s landforms change because of the of the Earth s crust, and river, glacier, wind, and water.

36 The Water Cycle Inv. 8-1: About the Water Cycle (Wolf pg ) FQ: What is the water cycle? Please explain. P: LAB From Ocean to Pond (Wolf pg. 267) Observation: What do you infer happened to the salt water as it sat in the sun? when water moves from the surface of Earth to the air and then back to Earth s surface again in a never-ending process water that falls back to the earth; such as: snow, sleet, hail, rain (makes clouds) the process by which a gas changes into a liquid; you see this on your bathroom mirror after a shower (Inv. 8-1)

37 the process by which a liquid changes into a gas; water from oceans, lakes, rivers, puddles, and even your sweat evaporates into the air water that is not evaporated and collects underground precipitation that is not soaked up into the soil LAB Runoff Materials: 2 sponges, saran wrap, water, 2 beakers, 2 trays Observation: What affect did the pavement have on the sponge s absorption? What affect would this have on wildlife around the area? C: In the water cycle, causes liquid water to turn into water vapor ( ), condensation causes water vapor to form, and then precipitation falls from the clouds back to the.

38 The Water Cycle Inv. 8-2: Climate & Weather (Wolf pg /regions pg.20-23) FQ: How does weather affect you? P: Draw what each of these forms of precipitation looks like. rain sleet snow hail average precipitation and temperature in an area over many years; it is what you know that area to be like a fast spinning spiral of wind that stretches from the clouds of a thunderstorm to the ground a large tropical storm with wind speeds of 74 miles per hour or more

39 (Inv. 8-2) severe snowstorms that last for hours; strong winds, blowing snow, and very low air temperatures C: Weather affects what we, what we, and what we. Temperature and are two key parts of climate. The United States has many climates, so people have to different ways of living because of it.

40 The Water Cycle Inv. 8-3: Land & Location Affect Weather (Wolf pg /regions pg.20-23) FQ: Is your climate here different from Florida s? Explain why. P: LAB Heating Land vs. Water (Wolf pg. 283) Time Land temperature ( F) Water temperature ( F) Observation: What is the variable we are testing in this experiment? How did the soil and water temperatures compare?

41 breeze a breeze moving from the water to the land breeze a breeze moving from the land to the water the height above sea level C: warms and cools slower than land, so those living to large bodies of water have more moderate weather. Those living - away from large bodies of water have hot and cold weather. The you are above sea level, the colder the climate is. Also, the you are to the equator the warmer it is.

42 Social Studies: Southeastern Region Chapter 3-1: Geography (Regions pg.74-79) FQ: What roles (jobs) do rivers play? P: source mouth tributary river basin port

43 delta Mississippi River New Orleans, LA - Let s Sing!: Barges Verse One: Out of my window lookin' in the night I can see the barges' flickering light. Silently flows the river to sea, and the barges too go silently. Chorus: Barges, I would like to go with you, I would like to sail the ocean blue. Barges, have you treasures in your hold? Do you fight with pirates brave and bold? Verse Two: Out of my window lookin in the night, I can see the barges' flickering light. Starboard shines green and port is glowing red, in the night they signal far ahead. Chorus Verse Three: Out of my window looking in the night I can see the barges' flickering light. Now is the time when I will soon be gone, And I'll sail with barges on and on. C: The has been our country s major highway for hundreds of years. Cities such as New Orleans and, Tennessee, grew because of the river. People have made paintings of the Mississippi, written about it, and sung songs about it.

45 Social Studies: Southeastern Region National Parks: Okefenokee Swamp & Everglades (Regions pg.16-17; 77-79) FQ: Have you ever been to a National Park? Which one? If you haven t been to one, which one would you like to visit? P: Okefenokee Swamp - C:

46 Social Studies: Southeastern Region Chapter 3-2: Climate (Regions pg.82-85) FQ: 1) Does climate make a difference in agriculture? 2) Does climate make a difference in economy? P: climate agriculture growing season cash crops sunbirds

47 C: The Southeast s & climate is good for growing many cash crops. It also is good for on vacation. The SE climate allows the people to grow economically through cash crops &.

48 Social Studies: Southeastern Region Chapter 3-3: Natural Resources (Regions pg.88-93) FQ: 1) Is coal an important resource? Why? 2) How do you think coal is formed? P: natural resources things found in that are useful to people;, water, soil, trees, manufacturing the process of making things from materials industry all the that make one kind of goods or provide one kind of (see table) C: Coal is an important, because we use it as a. We can find coal in and in the Southeast Region. Coal is a very old rock made after various decayed have been put under pressure and.

49 Industries of the SE Types of Industry: Agriculture - What they do: Coal - 1) 2) Paper - Service - Industries of Pennsylvania Types of Industry: Agriculture - 1) 2) 3) What they do: Coal - 1) 2) burn coal to make Lumber - Cut trees to sell for Service - 1) 2) 3)

, District of Columbia

, District of Columbia State Capitals These are the State Seals of each state. Fill in the blank with the name of each states capital city. (Hint: You may find it helpful to do the word search first to refresh your memory.),