Simulation and Verification of Jiangsu Sea Area Wind Field Model and Its Storm Surge

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1 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 Simultion nd Verifiction of Jingsu Se Are Wind Field Model nd Its Storm Surge D. A. Wu nd S. L. Zho Abstrct The No.119 Typhoon wind field hs been chieved through clcultion with the model of Fujit ir pressure nd Miyzki mse wind field bsed on the mesured dt, nd hving compred its dt with the ctul mesured win speed from field sttion of Dtng Power plnt nd Sun-islnd in Jingsu Costl region nd by this wy verified its precision of this kind of wind field model. Then the dt obtined from ECMWF nd clculted from Miyzki mse wind model will be tken s the input wind field, so s to crry out numericl simultion on the process of storm surge elevtion resulted from the No.119 pssing typhoon; The comprtive nlysis of storm surge hs been mde between the se wter level clculted from the two sets of simulted input field nd the ctul mesured dt from Xingshui Sttion nd Dtng Power plnt, finlly the effectiveness of simulted storm surge elevtion process by the wind field clcultion model hs been verified. The results of this study re of engineering ppliction vlue for wind energy development nd utiliztion in Jingsu costl res. Index Terms Fujit ir pressure field, Miyzki mse wind field, Storm surge, Jingsu costl res. I. INTRODUCTION The numericl simultion of storm surge is crried out on the bsis of numericl simultion forecsting. The selection of the pressure field nd typhoon field is very importnt for the ccurcy nd timeliness of the simultion results. The ccurcy of the storm surge numericl model prediction minly depends on the selection ccurcy of the storm surge model nd the pressure field. At present typhoon pressure field nd wind field model lso hs mny types [1]-[3], the method of verifying whether the typhoon is ccurte or not cn be compred indirectly by verifying the storm surge. The pressure field nd wind field re given by prmeterized model, nd the pressure field nd wind field re clculted by giving the pproprite prmeters such s typhoon center pressure, mximum wind speed rdius, etc. [4]-[6]. Mnuscript received November 17, 16; revised My 17, 16. This work ws supported in prt the Ntionl Nture Science Foundtion Fund of Chin Project (517955). D. A. Wu is with the College of Hrbor, Costl nd Offshore Engineering, Hohi University, Nnjing, 198, Chin (e-mil: wudein@163.com). S. L. Zho is with Zhejing Electric Power Design Institute, Chin Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd., HZ, 311, Chin (e-mil: zhoshuln@163.com). II. MODEL OF TYPHOON WIND FIELD AND PRESSURE FIELD A. Selection of Wind Field Wind field is key fctor in the process of numericl simultion of storm surge. During the process of storm surge numericl simultion, it is necessry to give the wind stress vlue of every grid cell in the clcultion re. Miyzki mse wind field model [3] ws chosen s the numericl method of wind field clcultion. Miyzki mse wind field model consists of two prts: one is the wind speed relted to the moving speed of the typhoon center, nd the other is the symmetricl grdient wind speed relted to the typhoon pressure grdient. The clcultion formul of wind speed component in x, y direction cn be expressed s follows: W C W C x C V f r exp 51 4P 1 f r x x sin y y y f 1 C V x 4P 1 f r Z r exp 51 x x cos y y 1 y Z cos 1 sin In which: C 1 is the field wind coefficient, the rnge is (4/7-6/7); C is grdient wind coefficient, the vlue is.6 for the wek typhoon, the rnge is (.7-.8) for the strong typhoon, the rnge lso cn be determined by the mesured vlue; is geotropic prmeters, is ngulr f sin velocity of ground, is the geogrphic ltitude of the wters ; is the grdient wind nd se surfce wind correction, here is 3 o ; (1) () V x nd V y re the components of the direction nd direction of the moving speed of the typhoon center;. 5 is the ir density; Z r 1 r ; Among them, V x, V y, P t different time cn be checked by liner interpoltion DOI: /IJET.18.V

2 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 of the dt in Typhoon Yerbook. After the wind field is determined, the wind stress t ny point on the se surfce is:, C W W W, W (3) x y w x y x y where Cw.11.7 Wx Wy is the coefficient of drg force on the surfce; is ir density; W, re the W x y wind speed in the x nd y direction(the wind speed t the height of 1m bove wter ). B. Selection of Pressure Field Mode Fujit ir pressure field model hs been selected s below [7]: P r. 5 P P 1 r (4) in which: P is the ir pressure of typhoon periphery, the stndrd tmospheric pressure here is P; P P P, P is the ir pressure of the typhoon center, r is the distnce between ny point in the region nd the typhoon center; r is the typhoon prmeter. Usully for typhoon, r vries with the movement nd pressure field of typhoon center.the selection of r hs direct influence on the wind speed profile in the wind field model, s well s the uthenticity of the wind field. The mximum wind speed rdius plys n importnt role in the wind field simultion process. Usully, the mximum wind speed rdius is clculted from the mesured tmospheric pressure ner the center of the typhoon, or mesure the mgnitude of the six gle s the mximum wind speed rdius from the wether mp. constructing t different times of typhoon wind field. Here compring the clculted wind field with the downloded wind field in Fig. nd Fig. 3. It cn be seen tht the wind field constructed by the typhoon wind field model in this pper reflects the bsic structure of the typhoon. Fig. 1. The pth of the typhoon Muif. III. CONSTRUCTION AND VERIFICATION A. Introduction of Typhoon In this pper, the tropicl storm "Muif" (No. 119) hs been selected in 11 to simulte typhoon wind field, nd use the bove typhoon wind field model to construct the typhoon wind field s storm surge model. The simultion results hve been compred with the mesured dt nd the response process of wter level nd flow hs been nlyzed nd studied. Muif generted t 14: on July 8 in the northwest Pcific Ocen surfce, then upgrded to super typhoon twice, nd wekened into typhoon t 6: on August 6.At 11 o'clock on the August 6, Zhoushn City, Zhejing Province, the center of the typhoon ws locted bout 45 km southest of the Est Chin Se, the mximum wind ner the center is level 14. The prt pth of Muif is s shown in Fig. 1. B. Construction of Typhoon Wind Field The bsic step of constructing wind field is to construct the wind speed profile of typhoon t different times by using typhoon center pressure nd mximum wind speed rdius. The se surfce wind field t 1m ws obtined by combining with the position nd moving speed of the typhoon center nd Fig.. ECMWF wind field (14:, Aug. 7th ). 36

Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 Fig. 5. Wind speed process line in Sun Islnd power plnt. Fig. 6. Wter level process line in Xingshui Sttion. Fig. 3.

55393 N) on 6th to 9th August 11 is compred with the wind speed clculted by wind field model in this pper. It cn be seen in Fig. 4 nd Fig. 5 tht the wind field model hs good ccurcy. C.

3 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 Fig. 5. Wind speed process line in Sun Islnd power plnt. Fig. 6. Wter level process line in Xingshui Sttion. Fig. 3. Wind field clculted with the model. The wind speed mesured t Dtng power plnt ( E, N) nd Sun Islnd Sttion (11.36 E, N) on 6th to 9th August 11 is compred with the wind speed clculted by wind field model in this pper. It cn be seen in Fig. 4 nd Fig. 5 tht the wind field model hs good ccurcy. C. Verifiction nd Anlysis of Storm Surge The storm surge model [8] hs been estblished by using the SELFE model [9]. The constructed typhoon wind field is tken s surfce forcing input model, nd the storm surge model is driven together with open boundry stronomicl tidl forces to simulte the typhoon-induced storm surge process. The clculting time is from : on July 15th, 11 to 3: on August 31st, 11. The time of forced wind is from : on August 1, 11 to : on August 9, 11, the forced time intervl is one hour, nd the clculted results of se wter level nd flow velocity hs been output per one hour. In order to further verify the storm surge elevtion result clculted with the SELFE model under the forcing of the model wind field, here to compre the storm tide simulted by the wind field bsed on the observtions of the wter level in the two sttions of Xingshui Sttion nd Dtng Wind Power plnt from : on August 6, 11 to : on August 9, 11, nd the wind field clculted from the wind frm model in this pper nd the wind field downloded from ECMWF. The time intervl of mesuring the wter level is one hour, nd the comprison result is shown in Fig. 6 nd Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Tidl process line in Dtng Wind Power Plnt. Fig. 8. The stronomicl tide wter level t 1:. Fig. 9. The storm surge wter level t 1:. Fig. 4. Wind speed process line in Dtng Power plnt. 37

Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 storm surge wter ws more obvious there, which ws In ccordnce with the bove results shown in Fig.

tide torrent moment during the nep tide in rdil snd ridges of Jingsu Province ( t 16: on August 7, 11). Fig. 1. The stronomicl tide wter level t 18:. Fig. 11. The storm surge wter level t 18:.

It lso cn be seen tht during the typhoon trnsit, the wter level in the sttion fluctutes up nd down, nd the period coincides with the stronomicl tidl cycle.

4 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 storm surge wter ws more obvious there, which ws In ccordnce with the bove results shown in Fig. 6 nd Fig. 7. Fig. 1, 13, nd 14 show seprtely the current velocity field of the stronomicl tide, the current velocity field of the storm surge velocity, nd the wind driven current field of the Est Chin Se t the flood tide torrent moment during the nep tide in rdil snd ridges of Jingsu Province ( t 16: on August 7, 11). Fig. 1. The stronomicl tide wter level t 18:. Fig. 11. The storm surge wter level t 18:. It cn be seen tht the se wter level simulted by these two sets of wind field dt cn ccurtely reflect the ctul mesured wter level during the storm surge. It lso cn be seen tht during the typhoon trnsit, the wter level in the sttion fluctutes up nd down, nd the period coincides with the stronomicl tidl cycle. The typhoon does not ffect the originl stronomicl tidl circle of the wter level shock, but ffects the mplitude. Fig. 8 shows the wter level distribution t the nep tide stnd (1: on August 7st, 11) of the rdil snd ridge in Jingsu Cost, which ws simulted by the SELFE mode only with the stronomicl tide boundry input. Fig. 9 shows the storm surge wter level distribution t the sme time, which ws simulted by the bove mentioned storm surge model with the model of Fujit ir pressure nd Miyzki mse wind field input. In the sme wy, Fig. 1 shows the wter level distribution t the nep tide stnd (18: on August 7st, 11) of the rdil snd ridge in Jingsu Cost, which ws simulted by the SELFE mode only with the stronomicl tide boundry input. Fig. 11 shows the storm surge wter level distribution t the sme time, which ws simulted by the bove mentioned storm surge model with the model of Fujit ir pressure nd Miyzki mse wind field input. Therefore we cn conclude tht, t the nep tide stnd of rdil snd ridge in Jingsu Cost, both the stronomicl tide wter level nd the storm surge wter level in most res is lmost the sme. There ws significnt storm surge elevtion in the Hizhou by wters. The storm surge wter level ws pprently higher thn the stronomicl tide wter level. The Fig. 1. The stronomicl tide current velocity field (t 16: on August 7, 11). Fig. 13. The Storm surge current velocity field (t 16: on August 7, 11). 38

Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 ebb tide, lso the typhoon does not chnge the divergence of the tidl current in rdil snd ridges.

The strong southwrd wind driven current ppered in the west side of the typhoon center migrtion pth nd the wek northwrd wind driven current ppered in the est side of the typhoon pth.

5 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 ebb tide, lso the typhoon does not chnge the divergence of the tidl current in rdil snd ridges. The typhoon Muif moved nd developed roughly long the 14 E line from the south to the north in the Yellow Se re. The strong southwrd wind driven current ppered in the west side of the typhoon center migrtion pth nd the wek northwrd wind driven current ppered in the est side of the typhoon pth. Among them, the wind driven current t the flood tide torrent moment ws stronger thn those t the ebb tide torrent moment, nd the noticebly convergent of the wind driven current velocity ppered t the flood tide torrent moment. Fig. 14. The wind driven current velocity field (t 16: on August 7, 11). Fig. 15, 16, nd 17 show seprtely the stronomicl tide current velocity field, storm surge current velocity field, nd wind driven current field of the Est Chin Se t the ebb tide torrent moment (t : on August 7, 11) during the nep tide in rdil snd ridge of Jingsu Province. Fig. 16. The Storm surge current velocity field (t : on August 7, 11). Fig. 15. The stronomicl tide current velocity field (t : on August 7, 11). It cn been seen tht the current field of the whole Est Chin Se simulted by the model re in good greement with the mesured current field. The storm surge current velocity during the flood tide in rdil snd ridges of Jingsu Province gther together towrds Jinggng, nd it diverges during the Fig. 17. The wind driven current velocity field (t : on August 7, 11). 39

Bsed on this, the wind field clculted from the Fujit field model nd the Miyzki mse wind field model nd the numericl model of the mid-rnge numericl wether forecsting center, the numericl simultion nd

6 Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Februry 18 IV. CONCLUSION Bsed on the SELFE model, the numericl model of the stronomicl tide in the Est Chin Se hs been estblished nd verified. Bsed on this, the wind field clculted from the Fujit field model nd the Miyzki mse wind field model nd the numericl model of the mid-rnge numericl wether forecsting center, the numericl simultion nd verifiction of the storm surge of typhoon 119 is crried out. Through comprison nd nlysis, we hve confirmed the clcultion model of typhoon wind field in Jingsu costl. This study is of engineering guidnce vlue to the development nd utiliztion of costl wind energy in Jingsu Province. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study ws supported by the Ntionl Nture Science Foundtion Fund of Chin Project (517955).WU Den*: The corresponding REFERENCES [1] X. I. Wng, Q. J. Yin, nd B. M. Zhng, Reserch nd pplictions of forecsting model of typhoon surges in Chin ses, Advnces in Wter Science, vol., no. 1, pp. 1-1, Jn [] T. Fujit, Pressure distribution within typhoon, Geophysicl Mgzine, vol. 3, no. 4, pp , Oct [3] S. X. Zhu, W. Y. Sh, nd P. X. Ding, An symmetry wind field model of typhoon ner shore, Journl of Est Chin Norml University (Nturl Science), no. 3, pp , Mr.. [4] G. J. Hollnd, An nlytic model of the wind nd pressure profiles in hurricnes, Monthly Wether Review, vol. 18, no. 8, pp , Aug [5] L. F. Sheng nd Z. M. Wu, A new fitting method for se surfce wind field of typhoon, Journl of Tropicl Meteorology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp , Mr [6] Z. Z. Yng, W. Y. Sh, nd S. X. Zhu, A new nonsymmetricl model of the se surfce pressure nd wind fields bout typhoon, Mrine Science Bulletin, vol. 4, no., pp. 6-68, Jn. 5. [7] H. J. Zho, Z. Y. Song, nd F. M. Xu, Numericl simultion of typhoon wves in the south chin se A cse study of typhoon chnchu, The Ocen Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp , June 1. [8] J. D. Loftis, Development of lrge-scle storm surge nd high-resolution sub-grid inundtion modelfor costl flooding pplictions A cse study during 1 hurricne sndy, Ph.D. disserttion, College of Willim nd Mry in Virgini. 14. [9] S. L. Zho, Numericl study of storm surge in Jingsu costl res, M. S. thesis, College of Hrbor, Costl nd Offshore Engineering, Hohi University, Nnjing, Chin, 15. D. A. Wu ws born in Xuzhou, Jingsu, Chin. He received his Sc. D in physicl geogrphy, Joint trining doctorl of Nnjing Norml University nd Ocen Reserch Institute of Chinese Acdemy of Science Nnjing, Jingsu, Chin, 4; he received his M.S. D in physicl ocenogrphy from Ocen University, Qingdo, Chin,. The mjor field of study re hrbor, costl nd offshore engineering. He mde mny reserch results. His publictions re s follows: "Reserch on fine-grined suspended sediment motion of dumping mud in the Chngjing deepwter nvigtion chnnel bsed on EFDC model," Journl of Hydrodynmics, 1, vol., no. 6, pp "Numericl simultion of the trnsport nd diffusion of dissolved pollutnts in the Yngtze River estury," Chinese Journl of Ocenology nd Limnology, 1. "Reserch on evlution system nd key technology of the wetlnds evolution nd degenertion in lrge river mouth in chin," in Proc. the Chinese-Germny Joint Symposium on Hydrulic nd Ocen Engineering, August 4-3,8, Drmstdt, Germny. He is now engged in costl nd esturine dynmics nd numericl simultion on environmentl reserch s resercher of Hohi University, Nnjing, Jingsu Province in Chin. Dr. Wu hs been engged in the reserch of the following projects recently such s, (1) Reserch on the Dynmic Chrcteristics of Edge Wve in the Wters by Theoreticl Solution nd Numericl Simultion for the Ntionl Nturl Sciences Foundtion of Chin. () Reserch on Evlution System nd Key Technology of the Wetlnds Evolution nd Degenertion in Lrge River Mouth in Chin for the Specilized Fund of Public Welfre Specil Scientific Reserch Project Funded by Chin Ministry of Wter Resources. S. L. Zho ws born in Ynti, Shndong, Chin. Dte of Birth: Aug 6, He received his M.E. hrbor in costl nd offshore engineering from Hohi University in 15; He received his B.S. in mrine techniques from Hohi University. M.S. D in engineering from Hohi University, Nnjing, Jingsu Province of Chin, 15. The mjor field of study re hrbor, costl nd offshore engineering. He is ctive in socil ctivities, being n outstnding leder. He hd been the President of English Club, the Cptin of College Bsketbll Tem, the Recretion & Sports Secretry nd the Member of Students Assocition Union. Publictions re s follows: "Verticl distribution of suspended sediment concentrtion bsed on prbolic mixing length of Sediment-lden flow," in Proc. the 7th Chinese-Germn Joint Symposium on Hydrulic nd Ocen Engineering, Germny, 14; "Nonliner dispersion reltion nd wve trnsformtion model," Journl of Wterwy nd Hrbor, 14, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 3-8; "Verticl distribution of suspended sediment concentrtion in estury nd cost bsed on log-liner velocity distributionl," Journl of Hohi University (Nturl Sciences). He is now engged in civil & environmentl engineering reserch for the Design Institute of Wter Conservncy nd Hydroelectric Power of Zhejing. Mr. Zho hs excellent performnces in his cdemic reserch. The prts of the wrds re s follows: (1) The Ntionl Scholrship; () The First Prize (3) Scholrship ;( 4) Excellent Acdemic Scholrship. 4

New Expansion and Infinite Series

New Expansion and Infinite Series Interntionl Mthemticl Forum, Vol. 9, 204, no. 22, 06-073 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikri.com http://dx.doi.org/0.2988/imf.204.4502 New Expnsion nd Infinite Series Diyun Zhng College of Computer Nnjing University