A look at synoptic CO2 in the midlatitudes and tropics using continuous CO2 observations and Transcom continuous results
|
|
- Britton Thomas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A look at synoptic CO2 in the midlatitudes and tropics using continuous CO2 observations and Transcom continuous results Nicholas Parazoo Transcom 2008 June 2-5
2 Scales of Variation Diurnal Synoptic Seasonal
3 Three Stories Mechanisms controlling synoptic variations of [CO2] in the tropics vs midlatitudes Transcom continuous results and continuous observations from North America, South America, and Europe suggest choice of land surface model can be important control on day-to-day variability Cold fronts important source of variability in midlatitudes
4 Data Continuous [CO2] Observations in North America, South America, and Europe Hourly station output from Transcom Continuous experiment using hourly SiB and 3-hourly CASA from
5
6 Variance strongest over continents, generally during growing season Magnitude of day-today variations at tropical site as large as midlatitude sites, but weather is Mid-afternoon [CO 2 ] (left axis) Monthly Standard Deviation (right axis)
7 Synoptic Variability in Midlatitudes and Tropics In tropics, primary energy source is due to latent heat release associated with convective cloud systems Strong vertical mixing In midlatitudes, large store of zonal mean available potential energy, which becomes baroclinically unstable and waves develop to transport heat poleward Strong horizontal mixing
8 CO 2 Budget C + RT { t p z i ii F c C + K m 123 z iii + W C { z iv + V H H C g MC p v 123 vi = 0 Source/Sink Transport i. Time rate of change of [CO 2 ] ii. iii. iv. F c = Surface Flux of CO 2, z i = lowest model level (~50m), K m = eddy diffusivity C = [CO 2 ], M = Cloud Mass Flux, W = vertical wind, V H = horizontal wind Biogenic, fossil fuel, and oceanic flux Turbulent diffusion Vertical advection v. Horizontal advection vi. Convective mixing For boundary layer budget, all terms solved for within lowest 500 meters (~ lowest 3 model layers)
9 Transport Simulations Using PCTM 1.25x1deg GEOS4
10 Monthly Standard Deviation of Midday CO2 ppm Observations CONTROL NOCLOUD NOFLUX ppm/hr Monthly Mean Hourly CO 2 Budget for CONTROL Horizontal Advection Convective Mixing Midlatitudes Tropics Annual Mean Percentage
11 Continental/Midlatitude Monthly Mean Hourly CO 2 Budget for CONTROL Horizontal Advection Convective Mixing Vertical Advection Surface Flux Tropical Island/Coastal
12 Standard Deviation Midday CO2 Hourly Budget Observations Transcom Average (SiB) Transcom Average (CASA) Transport Surface Flux
13
14 Model and Site Evaluation Use taylor plots to show correlation and model standard deviation across each forward model For site evaluation, calculate average model response at each site and compare to other sites For model evaluation, calculate average signal for all sites for each model, compare to other models
15 ALT BRW CDL Model SiB CASA FRD HEI HUN
16 LEF MHD PAL SiB CASA SBL SGP Model
17
18
19 Frontal Signals Create CO2 climatology for midlatitude sites using continuous observations and PCTM driven by SiB Identify frontal events and average together, compare model to observations Create model average climatology driven by SiB and CASA
20 Frontal Identification ρ (water vapor) wind direction pressure GGρ Cold Front!
21 Summer Frontal CO 2 Climatology o-o-o Observations (left axis) Transport Model (left) Fraction of Horizontal Advection (right) July Mean Surface Flux Transient spikes and air mass replacement characterize frontal variations
22 Summer Frontal CO 2 Climatology: Transcom Models SiB+FF+Taka CASA+FF+Taka
23 Summer Frontal CO 2 Climatology: Transcom Models Observations SiB CASA
24 Winter Frontal CO 2 Climatology: Transcom Models SiB+FF+Taka CASA+FF+Taka
25 Winter Frontal CO 2 Climatology: Transcom Models Observations SiB CASA
26 Deformational Flow PCTM [CO 2 ] at 50m shear deformation - tracer field rotated by shear vorticity + stretching deformation - tracer field deformed by stretching = Clouds!
27 Courtesy of Kathy Corbin
28 Conclusions Midlatitudes: Synoptic variations of CO 2 dominated by horizontal mixing Tropics: Synoptic variations dominated by vertical mixing Transcom models give different magnitudes and seasonality of synoptic variability transport and surface flux important Cold fronts contain strong variations hidden by clouds
29 NOAA GMD CarboEurope Special Thanks!
30
31
32 Monthly Standard Deviation of Midday CO2 Observations CONTROL NOCLOUD NOFLUX Monthly Mean Hourly CO 2 Budget for CONTROL Horizontal Advection Convective Mixing
Mechanisms for synoptic variations of atmospheric CO 2 in North America, South America and Europe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7239 7254, 2008 Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Mechanisms for synoptic variations
More informationDescription of the ET of Super Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) based on the YOTC-dataset
High Impact Weather PANDOWAE Description of the ET of Super Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) based on the YOTC-dataset ¹, D. Anwender¹, S. C. Jones2, J. Keller2, L. Scheck¹ 2 ¹Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,
More informationGeneral Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the
More informationAtmospheric CO2 Observations
ATS 760 Global Carbon Cycle Atmospheric CO2 Observations (in-situ) BRW MLO Point Barrow, Alaska Scott Denning CSU ATS Mauna Loa, Hawaii 1 ATS 760 Global Carbon Cycle SPO SMO American Samoa South Pole Interannual
More informationChapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature
Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Understanding Weather and Climate Aguado and Burt Influences on Insolation Absorption Reflection/Scattering Transmission 1 Absorption An absorber gains energy
More informationTransient/Eddy Flux. Transient and Eddy. Flux Components. Lecture 7: Disturbance (Outline) Why transients/eddies matter to zonal and time means?
Lecture 7: Disturbance (Outline) Transients and Eddies Climate Roles Mid-Latitude Cyclones Tropical Hurricanes Mid-Ocean Eddies (From Weather & Climate) Flux Components (1) (2) (3) Three components contribute
More informationAtmospheric Sciences 321. Science of Climate. Lecture 13: Surface Energy Balance Chapter 4
Atmospheric Sciences 321 Science of Climate Lecture 13: Surface Energy Balance Chapter 4 Community Business Check the assignments HW #4 due Wednesday Quiz #2 Wednesday Mid Term is Wednesday May 6 Practice
More informationThe feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007
The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 Hiroshi Hasegawa 1, Yayoi Harada 1, Hiroshi Nakamigawa 1, Atsushi Goto 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological
More informationA more detailed and quantitative consideration of organized convection: Part I Cold pool dynamics and the formation of squall lines
A more detailed and quantitative consideration of organized convection: Part I Cold pool dynamics and the formation of squall lines Note: Lecture notes presented here based on course Daily Weather Laboratory
More informationTransient and Eddy. Transient/Eddy Flux. Flux Components. Lecture 3: Weather/Disturbance. Transient: deviations from time mean Time Mean
Lecture 3: Weather/Disturbance Transients and Eddies Climate Roles Mid-Latitude Cyclones Tropical Hurricanes Mid-Ocean Eddies Transient and Eddy Transient: deviations from time mean Time Mean Eddy: deviations
More informationIsentropic flows and monsoonal circulations
Isentropic flows and monsoonal circulations Olivier Pauluis (NYU) Monsoons- Past, Present and future May 20th, 2015 Caltech, Pasadena Outline Introduction Global monsoon in isentropic coordinates Dry ventilation
More informationThe Ocean-Atmosphere System II: Oceanic Heat Budget
The Ocean-Atmosphere System II: Oceanic Heat Budget C. Chen General Physical Oceanography MAR 555 School for Marine Sciences and Technology Umass-Dartmouth MAR 555 Lecture 2: The Oceanic Heat Budget Q
More informationMoist Synoptic Transport of CO 2 Along Midlatitude Storm Tracks, Transport Uncertainty, and Implications for Flux Estimation
DISSERTATION Moist Synoptic Transport of CO 2 Along Midlatitude Storm Tracks, Transport Uncertainty, and Implications for Flux Estimation Submitted by Nicholas C. Parazoo Department of Atmospheric Science
More information3. Midlatitude Storm Tracks and the North Atlantic Oscillation
3. Midlatitude Storm Tracks and the North Atlantic Oscillation Copyright 2006 Emily Shuckburgh, University of Cambridge. Not to be quoted or reproduced without permission. EFS 3/1 Review of key results
More informationNonlinear baroclinic dynamics of surface cyclones crossing a zonal jet
Nonlinear baroclinic dynamics of surface cyclones crossing a zonal jet Jean-Baptiste GILET, Matthieu Plu and Gwendal Rivière CNRM/GAME (Météo-France, CNRS) 3rd THORPEX International Science Symposium Monterey,
More informationP R O L O G U E CORRELATION COEF. dsst/dt during wintertime (i.e., end of Feb. minus beginning of Dec, using 11-day averaged climatology)
P R O L O G U E dsst/dt during wintertime (i.e., end of Feb. minus beginning of Dec, using 11-day averaged climatology) Correlation between total precipitable water (from NVAP-M) and total cloud (from
More informationPolar Lows and other High Latitude Weather Systems. John Turner and Tom Bracegirdle British Antarctic Survey Cambridge, UK
Polar Lows and other High Latitude Weather Systems John Turner and Tom Bracegirdle British Antarctic Survey Cambridge, UK A mosaic of infra-red satellite imagery of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean on
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Hydrologic Cycle and Global Warming
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Hydrologic Cycle and Global Warming D A R G A N M. W. F R I E R S O N U N I V E R S I T Y O F W A S H I N G T O N, D E P A R T M E N T O F A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C
More informationThe general circulation: midlatitude storms
The general circulation: midlatitude storms Motivation for this class Provide understanding basic motions of the atmosphere: Ability to diagnose individual weather systems, and predict how they will change
More informationLecture 5: Atmospheric General Circulation and Climate
Lecture 5: Atmospheric General Circulation and Climate Geostrophic balance Zonal-mean circulation Transients and eddies Meridional energy transport Moist static energy Angular momentum balance Atmosphere
More informationCOURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION
COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION DATE 4 JUNE 2014 LEADER CHRIS BRIERLEY Course Outline 1. Current climate 2. Changing climate 3. Future climate change 4. Consequences 5. Human
More informationExtratropical and Polar Cloud Systems
Extratropical and Polar Cloud Systems Gunilla Svensson Department of Meteorology & Bolin Centre for Climate Research George Tselioudis Extratropical and Polar Cloud Systems Lecture 1 Extratropical cyclones
More informationCourse Outline CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. 1. Current climate. 2. Changing climate. 3. Future climate change
COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION DATE 4 JUNE 2014 LEADER CHRIS BRIERLEY Course Outline 1. Current climate 2. Changing climate 3. Future climate change 4. Consequences 5. Human
More informationThunderstorms and Severe Weather. (Chapt 15)
Thunderstorms and Severe Weather (Chapt 15) The Big Picture We ve emphasized horizontal transport of energy to balance the planetary energy budget: Hadley Cell Subtropical divergence Midlatitude cyclones
More informationESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain References: Forecaster s Guide to Tropical Meteorology (updated), Ramage Tropical Climatology, McGregor and Nieuwolt Climate and Weather
More informationCourse , General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Prof. Peter Stone Section 4: Water Vapor Budget
Course 12.812, General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Prof. Peter Stone Section 4: Water Vapor Budget Water Vapor Distribution First let us look at the distribution of specific humidity, q. The
More informationGeneral Atmospheric Circulation
General Atmospheric Circulation Take away Concepts and Ideas Global circulation: The mean meridional (N-S) circulation Trade winds and westerlies The Jet Stream Earth s climate zones Monsoonal climate
More informationThe Planetary Circulation System
12 The Planetary Circulation System Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe and account for the global patterns of pressure, wind patterns and ocean currents
More informationThe Atmospheric Circulation
The Atmospheric Circulation Vertical structure of the Atmosphere http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/atmosphere/atmospheric_structure.html The global heat engine [courtesy Kevin Trenberth,
More informationBoundary layer controls on extratropical cyclone development
Boundary layer controls on extratropical cyclone development R. S. Plant (With thanks to: I. A. Boutle and S. E. Belcher) 28th May 2010 University of East Anglia Outline Introduction and background Baroclinic
More informationMeteorology 311. General Circulation/Fronts Fall 2017
Meteorology 311 General Circulation/Fronts Fall 2017 Precipitation Types Rain Snow growth of ice crystals through deposition, accretion, and aggregation. Freezing Rain Rain freezes when it hits the surface.
More informationExamples of Pressure Gradient. Pressure Gradient Force. Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances. Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion 2/2/2015
Chapter 7: Forces and Force Balances Forces that Affect Atmospheric Motion Fundamental force - Apparent force - Pressure gradient force Gravitational force Frictional force Centrifugal force Forces that
More informationToday s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere
Climate Dynamics (Summer Semester 2017) J. Mülmenstädt Today s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere Reference Hartmann, Global Physical Climatology (1994), Ch. 2, 3, 6 Peixoto and
More informationJohn Steffen and Mark A. Bourassa
John Steffen and Mark A. Bourassa Funding by NASA Climate Data Records and NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team Florida State University Changes in surface winds due to SST gradients are poorly modeled
More informationLecture 1. Amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature
Lecture 6 Lecture 1 Ocean circulation Forcing and large-scale features Amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature 1 Atmosphere and ocean heat transport Trenberth and Caron (2001) False-colour satellite
More informationChapter 12 Fronts & Air Masses
Chapter overview: Anticyclones or highs Air Masses o Classification o Source regions o Air masses of North America Fronts o Stationary fronts o Cold fronts o Warm fronts o Fronts and the jet stream o Frontogenesis
More informationThe Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere?
The Atmosphere Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate Where is the atmosphere? Everywhere! Completely surrounds Earth February 20, 2010 What makes up the atmosphere? Argon Inert gas 1% Variable
More informationCourse Outline. About Me. Today s Outline CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. 1. Current climate. 2.
Course Outline 1. Current climate 2. Changing climate 3. Future climate change 4. Consequences COURSE CLIMATE SCIENCE A SHORT COURSE AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTION DATE 4 JUNE 2014 LEADER 5. Human impacts 6.
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Figure S1. Summary of the climatic responses to the Gulf Stream. On the offshore flank of the SST front (black dashed curve) of the Gulf Stream (green long arrow), surface wind convergence associated with
More informationTHUNDERSTORMS Brett Ewing October, 2003
THUNDERSTORMS Brett Ewing October, 2003 A natural hazard that occurs often on a daily basis in the lower and mid-latitudes is thunderstorms. Thunderstorms is a weather system that can produce lightning,tornadoes,
More informationOcean variability contributing to basal melt rate near the ice front of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Ocean variability contributing to basal melt rate near the ice front of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica Laurie Padman I. Arzeno, R.C. Beardsley, R. Limeburner, B. Owens, S.R. Springer, C.L. Stewart, M.J.M.
More informationWind: Global Systems Chapter 10
Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 General Circulation of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere describes average wind patterns and is useful for understanding climate Over the earth, incoming
More informationno eddies eddies Figure 3. Simulated surface winds. Surface winds no eddies u, v m/s φ0 =12 φ0 =0
References Held, Isaac M., and Hou, A. Y., 1980: Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 515-533. Held, Isaac M., and Suarez, M. J., 1994: A proposal
More informationTropical Meridional Circulations: The Hadley Cell
Tropical Meridional Circulations: The Hadley Cell Introduction Throughout much of the previous sections, we have alluded to but not fully described the mean meridional overturning circulation of the tropics
More informationNACP s Mid-Continent Intensive: Atmospheric Results
NACP s Mid-Continent Intensive: Atmospheric Results Natasha Miles, Arlyn Andrews, Kathy Corbin, Kenneth Davis, Scott Denning, Douglas Martins, Scott Richardson, Paul Shepson, and Colm Sweeney NACP All-Investigators
More informationClimate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the <dally- locked case
Climate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the
More informationWhat is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)?
What is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)? Planetary scale, 30 90 day oscillation in zonal wind, precipitation, surface pressure, humidity, etc., that propagates slowly eastward Wavelength = 12,000 20,000
More informationSeasonal CO 2 rectifier effect and large-scale extratropical atmospheric transport
Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113,, doi:10.1029/2007jd009443, 2008 Seasonal CO 2 rectifier effect and large-scale extratropical atmospheric transport Douglas Chan, 1
More informationMET 3102-U01 PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY (ID 17901) Lecture 14
MET 3102-U01 PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY (ID 17901) Lecture 14 The hydrologic cycle evaporation vapor transport precipitation precipitation evaporation runoff Evaporation, precipitation, etc. in cm Vapor transported
More informationthat individual/local amplitudes of Ro can reach O(1).
Supplementary Figure. (a)-(b) As Figures c-d but for Rossby number Ro at the surface, defined as the relative vorticity ζ divided by the Coriolis frequency f. The equatorial band (os-on) is not shown due
More information2. Baroclinic Instability and Midlatitude Dynamics
2. Baroclinic Instability and Midlatitude Dynamics Midlatitude Jet Stream Climatology (Atlantic and Pacific) Copyright 26 Emily Shuckburgh, University of Cambridge. Not to be quoted or reproduced without
More informationWeak Temperature Gradient Simulations For Different Convective Environments
Weak Temperature Gradient Simulations For Different Convective Environments 1 Benjamin Hatchett and Sharon Sessions 1 2 Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 2 Department
More informationLecture 3. Turbulent fluxes and TKE budgets (Garratt, Ch 2)
Lecture 3. Turbulent fluxes and TKE budgets (Garratt, Ch 2) The ABL, though turbulent, is not homogeneous, and a critical role of turbulence is transport and mixing of air properties, especially in the
More informationVertical Structure of Atmosphere
ATMOS 3110 Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences Distribution of atmospheric mass and gaseous constituents Because of the earth s gravitational field, the atmosphere exerts a downward forces on the earth
More information5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69
Homework #2 Due 9/19/14 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, what would the daily mean temperature be? (Page Ref: 66) 2) How is the annual mean
More informationSynoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes
Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes VOLUME II Observations and Theory of Weather Systems HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Contents 1. THE BEHAVIOR OF SYNOPTIC-SCALE,
More informationLecture 14. Marine and cloud-topped boundary layers Marine Boundary Layers (Garratt 6.3) Marine boundary layers typically differ from BLs over land
Lecture 14. Marine and cloud-topped boundary layers Marine Boundary Layers (Garratt 6.3) Marine boundary layers typically differ from BLs over land surfaces in the following ways: (a) Near surface air
More informationSeasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3
Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations ATS351 Lecture 3 Earth-Sun Distance Change in distance has only a minimal effect on seasonal temperature. Note that during the N. hemisphere winter, we are CLOSER to
More informationhttp://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/composites.html Red curve: Incoming solar radiation Blue curve: Outgoing infrared radiation. Three-cell model of general circulation Mid-latitudes: 30 to 60 latitude MID-LATITUDES
More informationArctic Boundary Layer
Annual Seminar 2015 Physical processes in present and future large-scale models Arctic Boundary Layer Gunilla Svensson Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University,
More informationThe Arctic Energy Budget
The Arctic Energy Budget The global heat engine [courtesy Kevin Trenberth, NCAR]. Differential solar heating between low and high latitudes gives rise to a circulation of the atmosphere and ocean that
More informationCHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow a. clockwise and inward. b. counterclockwise.
More informationTheoretical and Modeling Issues Related to ISO/MJO
Theoretical and Modeling Issues Related to ISO/MJO Tim Li Department of Meteorology and IPRC University of Hawaii DYNAMO workshop, April 13-14, Boulder, Colorado 1. MJO Initiation issue: Role of air- sea
More informationAtmospheric Fronts. The material in this section is based largely on. Lectures on Dynamical Meteorology by Roger Smith.
Atmospheric Fronts The material in this section is based largely on Lectures on Dynamical Meteorology by Roger Smith. Atmospheric Fronts 2 Atmospheric Fronts A front is the sloping interfacial region of
More informationu g z = g T y (1) f T Margules Equation for Frontal Slope
Margules Equation for Frontal Slope u g z = g f T T y (1) Equation (1) is the thermal wind relation for the west wind geostrophic component of the flow. For the purposes of this derivation, we assume that
More informationForecasting Polar Lows. Gunnar Noer The Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Tromsø
Forecasting Polar Lows Gunnar Noer The Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Tromsø Longyearbyen Hopen Bear Island Jan Mayen Tromsø Gunnar Noer Senior forecaster / developer for polar meteorology The Norwegian
More informationThe water vapour channels of SEVIRI (Meteosat). An introduction
The water vapour channels of SEVIRI (Meteosat). An introduction jose.prieto@eumetsat.int Cachoeira P. July 2006 Formats 1.5 1 Objectives 2 Describe the characteristics of WV channels on board of SEVIRI
More informationAtmospheric Moisture, Precipitation, and Weather Systems
Atmospheric Moisture, Precipitation, and Weather Systems 6 Chapter Overview The atmosphere is a complex system, sometimes described as chaotic in nature. In this chapter we examine one of the principal
More information2. Meridional atmospheric structure; heat and water transport. Recall that the most primitive equilibrium climate model can be written
2. Meridional atmospheric structure; heat and water transport The equator-to-pole temperature difference DT was stronger during the last glacial maximum, with polar temperatures down by at least twice
More informationUnified Cloud and Mixing Parameterizations of the Marine Boundary Layer: EDMF and PDF-based cloud approaches
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Unified Cloud and Mixing Parameterizations of the Marine Boundary Layer: EDMF and PDF-based cloud approaches Joao Teixeira
More informationEnergy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3.
Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere Composition 99% of the atmosphere is within 30km of the Earth s surface. N 2 78% and O 2 21% The percentages represent a constant amount of gas but cycles of destruction
More informationAn Introduction to Coupled Models of the Atmosphere Ocean System
An Introduction to Coupled Models of the Atmosphere Ocean System Jonathon S. Wright jswright@tsinghua.edu.cn Atmosphere Ocean Coupling 1. Important to climate on a wide range of time scales Diurnal to
More informationENERGETICS. [This article treats a technical aspect of climate and weather studies; some of it is intended for readers at an advanced level.
ENERGETICS. [This article treats a technical aspect of climate and weather studies; some of it is intended for readers at an advanced level.] Atmospheric energetics, the study of the distribution and transformation
More informationATMO 436a. The General Circulation. Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it
ATMO 436a The General Circulation Redacted version from my NATS lectures because Wallace and Hobbs virtually ignores it Scales of Atmospheric Motion vs. Lifespan The general circulation Atmospheric oscillations
More informationDynamics of the Zonal-Mean, Time-Mean Tropical Circulation
Dynamics of the Zonal-Mean, Time-Mean Tropical Circulation First consider a hypothetical planet like Earth, but with no continents and no seasons and for which the only friction acting on the atmosphere
More informationwarmest (coldest) temperatures at summer heat dispersed upward by vertical motion Prof. Jin-Yi Yu ESS200A heated by solar radiation at the base
Pole Eq Lecture 3: ATMOSPHERE (Outline) JS JP Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell (driven by eddies) L H L H Basic Structures and Dynamics General Circulation in the Troposphere General Circulation in the
More informationHEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
CHAPTER 4 HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Heat is *a. the name given to the energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. b. the equivalent of
More informationAiguo Dai * and Kevin E. Trenberth National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) $, Boulder, CO. Abstract
9.2 AMS 14 th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 9-13 Feb. 2003, Long Beach, CA. Diurnal Variations in the Community Climate System Model Aiguo Dai * and Kevin E. Trenberth National Center
More information25.1 Air Masses. Section 25.1 Objectives
Section 25.1 Objectives Explain how an air mass forms. List the four main types of air masses. Describe how air masses affect the weather of North America. Air Masses 25.1 Air Masses Differences in air
More informationAtmospheric Sciences 321. Science of Climate. Lecture 14: Surface Energy Balance Chapter 4
Atmospheric Sciences 321 Science of Climate Lecture 14: Surface Energy Balance Chapter 4 Community Business Check the assignments HW #4 due Today, HW#5 is posted Quiz Today on Chapter 3, too. Mid Term
More informationLecture 12. The diurnal cycle and the nocturnal BL
Lecture 12. The diurnal cycle and the nocturnal BL Over flat land, under clear skies and with weak thermal advection, the atmospheric boundary layer undergoes a pronounced diurnal cycle. A schematic and
More informationCHAPTER 2 - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION & AIR/SEA INTERACTION
Chapter 2 - pg. 1 CHAPTER 2 - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION & AIR/SEA INTERACTION The atmosphere is driven by the variations of solar heating with latitude. The heat is transferred to the air by direct absorption
More informationFrancina Dominguez*, Praveen Kumar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
P1.8 MODES OF INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITY OF ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUX TRANSPORT Francina Dominguez*, Praveen Kumar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
More informationTHE FEASIBILITY OF EXTRACTING LOWLEVEL WIND BY TRACING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE OBSERVED IN IR IMAGERY OVER CLOUD FREE OCEAN AREA IN THE TROPICS
THE FEASIBILITY OF EXTRACTING LOWLEVEL WIND BY TRACING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE OBSERVED IN IR IMAGERY OVER CLOUD FREE OCEAN AREA IN THE TROPICS Toshiro Ihoue and Tetsuo Nakazawa Meteorological Research Institute
More informationFronts in November 1998 Storm
Fronts in November 1998 Storm Much of the significant weather observed in association with extratropical storms tends to be concentrated within narrow bands called frontal zones. Fronts in November 1998
More informationBenguela Niño/Niña events and their connection with southern Africa rainfall have been documented before. They involve a weakening of the trade winds
Benguela Niño/Niña events and their connection with southern Africa rainfall have been documented before. They involve a weakening of the trade winds in the equatorial western Atlantic in the early monsoon,
More informationmeters, we can re-arrange this expression to give
Turbulence When the Reynolds number becomes sufficiently large, the non-linear term (u ) u in the momentum equation inevitably becomes comparable to other important terms and the flow becomes more complicated.
More informationWinds and Global Circulation
Winds and Global Circulation Atmospheric Pressure Winds Global Wind and Pressure Patterns Oceans and Ocean Currents El Nino How is Energy Transported to its escape zones? Both atmospheric and ocean transport
More informationLECTURE 28. The Planetary Boundary Layer
LECTURE 28 The Planetary Boundary Layer The planetary boundary layer (PBL) [also known as atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)] is the lower part of the atmosphere in which the flow is strongly influenced
More informationArctic climate projections and progress towards a new CCSM. Marika Holland NCAR
Arctic climate projections and progress towards a new CCSM Marika Holland NCAR The Arctic is changing! Loss of Sept Arctic Sea Ice 2002 Loss of about 8% per decade Or >20% since 1979 (Courtesy I. Rigor
More informationIntroduction to Meteorology & Climate. Climate & Earth System Science. Atmosphere Ocean Interactions. A: Structure of the Ocean.
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
More informationLecture #14 March 29, 2010, Monday. Air Masses & Fronts
Lecture #14 March 29, 2010, Monday Air Masses & Fronts General definitions air masses source regions fronts Air masses formation types Fronts formation types Air Masses General Definitions a large body
More informationMid-latitude Ocean Influence on North Pacific Sector Climate Variability
Mid-latitude Ocean Influence on North Pacific Sector Climate Variability Guidi Zhou 1, Mojib Latif 1,2, Richard Greatbatch 1,2, Wonsun Park 1 1 GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 2 Kiel University
More informationF = ma. ATS 150 Global Climate Change Winds and Weather. Scott Denning CSU CMMAP 1. Please read Chapter 6 from Archer Textbook
Winds and Weather Please read Chapter 6 from Archer Textbook Circulation of the atmosphere and oceans are driven by energy imbalances Energy Imbalances What Makes the Wind Blow? Three real forces (gravity,
More informationOcean Constraints on the Atmospheric Inverse Problem: The contribution of Forward and Inverse Models
Ocean Constraints on the Atmospheric Inverse Problem: The contribution of Forward and Inverse Models Nicolas Gruber Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics & Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University
More informationGEO1010 tirsdag
GEO1010 tirsdag 31.08.2010 Jørn Kristiansen; jornk@met.no I dag: Først litt repetisjon Stråling (kap. 4) Atmosfærens sirkulasjon (kap. 6) Latitudinal Geographic Zones Figure 1.12 jkl TØRR ATMOSFÆRE Temperature
More informationCarbon Flux Data Assimilation
Carbon Flux Data Assimilation Saroja Polavarapu Environment Canada Thanks: D. Jones (U Toronto), D. Chan (EC), A. Jacobson (NOAA) DAOS Working group Meeting, 15-16 Aug. 2014 The Global Carbon Cycle http://www.scidacreview.org/0703/html/biopilot.html
More informationLecture 7. Science A-30 February 21, 2008 Air may be forced to move up or down in the atmosphere by mechanical forces (wind blowing over an obstacle,
Lecture 7. Science A-30 February 21, 2008 Air may be forced to move up or down in the atmosphere by mechanical forces (wind blowing over an obstacle, like a mountain) or by buoyancy forces. Air that is
More informationCLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to
More informationRadiative contribution to the North-American cold air outbreaks in a Lagrangian perspective
Radiative contribution to the North-American cold air outbreaks in a Lagrangian perspective Natalia Bliankinshtein, Y. Huang, J. R. Gyakum and E. Atallah Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
More information