Series tore word. Acknowledgements
|
|
- Franklin Young
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Series tore word p. xi Preface p. xiii Acknowledgements p. xv Disclaimer p. xvii Introduction p. 1 The instrumental age p. 2 Measurements and the climate record p. 2 Clouds and rainfall p. 3 Standardisation of air temperature measurements p. 4 Upper air measurements p. 5 Manned balloon ascents p. 6 Self-reporting upper air instruments p. 7 Scope and structure p. 8 Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation p. 9 Instruments and measurement systems p. 9 Instrument response characterisation p. 10 Measurement quality p. 12 Instrument response time p. 14 Response to a step-change p. 14 Response to an oscillation p. 15 Deriving the standard error p. 18 Sample mean p. 18 Standard error p. 20 Quoting results p. 20 Calculations combining uncertainties p. 21 Sums and differences p. 21 Products and quotients p. 22 Uncertainties from functions p. 23 Calibration experiments p. 23 Electronics and Analogue Signal Processing p. 27 Voltage measurements p. 28 Signal conditioning p. 28 Operational amplifiers p. 29 Operational amplifier fundamentals p. 30 Signal amplification p. 31 Buffer amplifiers p. 33 Inverting amplifier p. 33 Line driving p. 35 Power supplies p. 36 Voltage signals p. 38 Electrometers p. 38
2 Microvolt amplifier p. 40 Current measurement p. 41 Current to voltage conversion p. 42 Photocurrent amplifier p. 43 Logarithmic measurements p. 44 Calibration currents p. 45 Resistance measurement p. 46 Thermistor resistance measurement p. 46 Resistance bridge methods p. 47 Oscillatory signals p. 50 Oscillators p. 50 Phase-locked loops p. 53 Frequency to voltage conversion p. 54 Physical implementation p. 54 Data Acquisition Systems and Initial Data Analysis p. 57 Data acquisition p. 57 Count data p. 59 Frequency data p. 60 Interval data p. 60 Voltage data p. 61 Sampling p. 63 Time synchronisation p. 66 Custom data logging systems p. 66 Data acquisition cards p. 67 Microcontroller systems p. 67 Automatic Weather Stations p. 68 Management of data files p. 69 Data logger programming p. 69 Data transfer p. 70 Data file considerations p. 71 Preliminary data examination p. 72 In situ calibration p. 72 Time series p. 73 Irregular and intermittent time series p. 75 Further data analysis p. 75 Temperature p. 77 The Celsius temperature scale p. 77 Liquid in glass thermometry p. 78 Fixed interval temperature scales p. 78 Liquid-in-glass thermometers p. 79 Electrical temperature sensors p. 80
3 Thermocouple p. 81 Semiconductor p. 81 Thermistor p. 82 Metal resistance thermometry p. 83 Resistance thermometry considerations p. 86 Thermistor measurement p. 87 Platinum resistance measurement p. 89 Thermometer exposure p. 90 Radiation error of air temperature sensors p. 90 Thermometer radiation screens p. 91 Radiation errors on screen temperatures p. 93 Lag times in screen temperatures p. 95 Screen condition p. 98 Modern developments in screens p. 99 Surface and below-surface temperature measurements p. 99 Surface temperatures p. 99 Soil temperatures p. 100 Ground heat flux density p. 100 Humidity p. 103 Water vapour as a gas p. 103 Physical measures of humidity p. 105 Absolute humidity p. 106 Specific humidity p. 106 Relative humidity p. 107 Dew point and wet bulb temperature p. 107 Hygrometers and their operating principles p. 109 Mechanical p. 109 Chemical p. 111 Electronic p. 111 Spectroscopic p. 112 Radio refractive index p. 113 Dew point meter p. 114 Psychrometer p. 114 Practical psychrometers p. 116 Effect of temperature uncertainties p. 118 Ventilation effects p. 118 Freezing of the wet bulb p. 120 Hygrometer calibration using salt solutions p. 121 Comparison of hygrometry techniques p. 122 Atmospheric Pressure p. 123 Introduction p. 123
4 Barometers p. 123 Liquid barometers p. 124 Mercury barometers p. 125 Hypsometer p. 127 Aneroid barometers p. 127 Precision aneroid barometers p. 128 Flexible diaphragm sensors p. 129 Vibrating cylinder barometer p. 129 Corrections to barometers p. 129 Sea level correction p. 130 Wind speed corrections p. 131 Wind Speed and Direction p. 133 Introduction p. 133 Types of anemometer p. 133 Pressure plate anemometers p. 133 Pressure tube anemometer p. 134 Cup anemometers p. 134 Propeller anemometer p. 136 Hot sensor anemometer p. 137 Sonic anemometer p. 139 Wind direction p. 141 Wind vanes p. 142 Horizontal wind components p. 144 Multi-component research anemometers p. 146 Anemometer exposure p. 146 Anemometer deficiencies p. 146 Wind speed from kite tether tension p. 148 Radiation p. 151 Introduction p. 151 Solar geometry p. 154 Orbital variations p. 154 Diurnal variation p. 155 Solar time corrections p. 155 Day length calculation p. 156 Irradiance calculation p. 157 Shortwave radiation instruments p. 158 Thermopile pyranometer p. 158 Pyranometer theory p. 159 Silicon pyranometers p. 162 Pyrheliometers p. 162 Diffuse solar radiation measurement p. 164
5 Occulting disk method p. 164 Shade ring method p. 165 Reflected shortwave radiation p. 168 Fluctuations in measured radiation p. 169 Reference solar radiation instruments p. 171 Cavity radiometer p. 172 Secondary pyrheliometers p. 172 Longwave instruments p. 173 Pyrradiomeier theory p. 173 Pyrradiomeier calibration p. 174 Pyrgeometer measurements p. 175 Commercial pyrradiomeiers p. 175 Radiation thermometry p. 177 Sunshine duration p. 178 Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder p. 180 Electronic sensors p. 181 Clouds, Precipitation and Atmospheric Electricity p. 183 Introduction p. 183 Visual range p. 183 Point visibility meters p. 184 Transmissometers p. 185 Present zueather sensors p. 185 Cloud base measurements p. 186 Rain gauges p. 187 Tilting siphon p. 188 Tipping bucket p. 188 Disdrometers p. 191 Atmospheric electricity p. 191 Potential Gradient instrumentation p. 191 Variability in the Potential Gradient p. 192 Lightning detection p. 193 Upper Air Instruments p. 195 Radiosondes p. 195 Sounding balloons p. 196 Radiosonde technology p. 197 Pressure sensor p. 199 Temperature and humidity sensors p. 200 Wind measurements from position information p. 201 Data telemetry p. 202 Radio transmitter p. 203 Uncertainties in radiosonde measurements p. 204
6 Response time p. 204 Radiation errors p. 204 Wet-bulbing p. 206 Location error p. 207 Telemetry errors p. 208 Specialist radiosondes p. 209 Cloud electrification p. 209 Ozone p. 209 Radioactivity and cosmic rays p. 210 Radiation p. 210 Turbulence p. 211 Supercooled liquid water p. 211 Atmospheric aerosol p. 212 Aircraft measurements p. 212 Air temperature p. 212 Wind p. 212 Pressure p. 213 Altitude p. 213 Small robotic aircraft p. 213 Further Methods for Environmental Data Analysis p. 215 Physical models p. 215 Surface energy balance p. 215 Turbulent quantities and eddy covariance p. 217 Soil temperature model p. 218 A Vertical wind profile p. 220 Solar radiation models p. 222 Langley's solar radiation method p. 222 Surface solar radiation: Holland's model p. 224 Statistical models p. 225 Histograms and distributions p. 226 Statistical tests p. 226 Wind gusts p. 229 Ensemble averaging p. 229 Solar radiation variation p. 230 Pressure tides p. 231 Carnegie curve p. 231 Spectral methods p. 233 Power spectra p. 233 Micrometeorological power spectra p. 235 Conclusion p. 237 Appendix A Writing a Brief Instrumentation Paper p. 239
7 Scope of an instrument paper p. 239 Structure of an instrument paper p. 239 Paper title p. 239 Abstract p. 240 Keywords p. 240 Motivation p. 240 Description p. 240 Comparison p. 241 Figures p. 241 Summary p. 242 Acknowledgements p. 242 Submission and revisions p. 242 Anemometer Coordinate Rotations p. 243 References p. 247 Index p. 253 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.
Introductions to RIC-Beijing. NAN Xuejing, CUI Xiai Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration March,2018
Introductions to RIC-Beijing NAN Xuejing, CUI Xiai China Meteorological Administration March,2018 Contents 1. China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Organization 2. (MOC) Functional Structure Responsibilities
More informationClimate & Earth System Science. Introduction to Meteorology & Climate. Chapter 05 SOME OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS. Instrument Enclosure.
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Weather Instruments Notes
Introduction In order for meteorologists to accurately predict the weather, they take thousands of different weather measurements each day. Meteorologists need to use many tools in order to draw an accurate
More informationTrevor Lee Director, Buildings. Grant Edwards PhD Department of Environment and Geography
Weather Affects Building Performance Simulation v Monitoring real time solar and coincident weather data for building optimisation and energy management Trevor Lee Director, Buildings Grant Edwards PhD
More informationObserving Weather: Making the Invisible Visible. Dr. Michael J. Passow
Observing Weather: Making the Invisible Visible Dr. Michael J. Passow What Is Weather? Weather refers to the conditions of the atmosphere at a certain place and time. Weather differs from Climate, which
More informationMicroclimate. Climate & scale. Measuring a Microclimate Microclimates VARY. Microclimate factors. Aboveground environment.
Microenvironments Microenvironments Aboveground environment Belowground environment Edaphic factors soil environment Macroclimate Climate & scale Mesoclimate factors Temperature s VARY I. In Time Long
More informationBIAN ZEQIANG Senior Engineer National Center for Meteorological Metrology Meteorological Observation Cent China Meteorological Administration
Introduction of RIC-Beijing BIAN ZEQIANG Senior Engineer National Center for Meteorological Metrology Meteorological Observation Cent China Meteorological Administration Outline 1. China Meteorology Administration
More informationIntroduction. Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy. Flurries Snow Ice. Showers Thunderstorms Rain. High Pressure Low Pressure FRONTS. Cold Warm Stationary
Introduction Weather can change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day to day, or season to season. Meteorologists are scientists who study Earth s atmosphere in order to predict these changes. Meteorologists
More informationChapter 2 Available Solar Radiation
Chapter 2 Available Solar Radiation DEFINITIONS Figure shows the primary radiation fluxes on a surface at or near the ground that are important in connection with solar thermal processes. DEFINITIONS It
More informationPracticaluseof standardmeteorolo gicalinstruments indomesticmeteorolo gical observationnetworks
Practicaluseof standardmeteorolo gicalinstruments indomesticmeteorolo gical observationnetworks Satoshi HAGIYA Meteorolo gicalinst rumentcenter WMO/RegionalInst rumentcentre (RIC) Tsukuba JapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)
More informationTemperature, Observations, and Maps AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Weather and Climate
Temperature, Observations, and Maps AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Climate Weather Observations Weather Maps Lecture 03 Feb 5 2019 1 Weather
More informationLab - Interpreting Weather Station Models.
Name: Lab - Interpreting Weather Station Models. Date: Introduction The reporting of present weather conditions and the forecasting of future weather is the combined effort of thousands of weather stations
More informationCALIBRATION CENTER. Republic of Turkey. Ministry of Forestry and. Water Affairs. Turkish State Meteorological Service.
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs Turkish State Meteorological Service CALIBRATION CENTER Turkish State Meteorological Service
More informationAnemometry Anemometer Calibration Exercise
Atmospheric Measurements and Observations II EAS 535 Anemometry Anemometer Calibration Exercise Prof. J. Haase http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~jhaase/teaching/eas535/index.html Class Objectives How is wind
More informationFunding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project THE ATMOSPHERE. Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey
Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project THE ATMOSPHERE Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey What we are going to cover 1. Composition of the Atmosphere 2. State Variables
More informationReport of CoreTemp2017: Intercomparison of dual thermistor radiosonde (DTR) with RS41, RS92 and DFM09 radiosondes
Report of CoreTemp2017: Intercomparison of dual thermistor radiosonde (DTR) with RS41, RS92 and DFM09 radiosondes Yong-Gyoo Kim *, Ph.D and GRUAN Lead center *Upper-air measurement team Center for Thermometry
More informationFigure 1. Daily variation of air temperature
Comparative analysis of the meteorological data acquired on standard equipment and by automatic weather station of CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC Company Kudekov T.K. Director-General of the KAZHYDROMET 050022
More informationWEATHER COMPONENTS. Earth and Space Science - Weather Systems. Temperature 07/12/2014
Earth and Space Science - Weather Systems Weather Components WEATHER COMPONENTS If you were to describe the weather outside right now, what would you say? What information would you include in your description
More informationAtmosphere Properties and Instruments. Outline. AT351 Lab 2 January 30th, 2008
Atmosphere Properties and Instruments AT351 Lab 2 January 30th, 2008 Outline 1. Atmospheric Variables and How We Measure Them 2. Composition of the Atmosphere 3. How to Represent Weather Data Visually
More informationComplex Terrain (EDUCT) experiment, conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric
Alex Ameen Shenandoah Trip Paper I visited Shenandoah National Park on April 11, 2009 to investigate the Education in Complex Terrain (EDUCT) experiment, conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric
More informationThe Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries
The Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries 19 February 2013 Kunio AKATSU JICA Advisor, JICA H/Q (Meteorology) Self-Introduction Countries visited or stayed as ODA Projects, mainly
More information25.1 Air Masses. Section 25.1 Objectives
Section 25.1 Objectives Explain how an air mass forms. List the four main types of air masses. Describe how air masses affect the weather of North America. Air Masses 25.1 Air Masses Differences in air
More informationOverviewofRIC Tsukuba (Japan,RAII )
OverviewofRIC Tsukuba (Japan,RAII ) 7Nov.2016 Hiroshi Yoshimura Scientific Officer Regional Instrument Centre Tsukuba Observing Division, Observing Department Outline 1. WMO Regional Instrument Center
More informationGathering Weather Data
1 Section 12. 2.3 3 Objectives State the importance of accurate weather data. Summarize the instruments used to collect weather data from Earth s surface. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of weather
More informationCONTENT 2. ORGANIZATION 3. SERVICES. instruments. (3)Activities of RIC Tsukuba
1 CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ORGANIZATION 3. SERVICES (1)Quality assurance of meteorological instruments (2)Research and development (3)Activities of RIC Tsukuba 2 Meteorological Instruments Center (MIC)
More information7. The weather instrument below can be used to determine relative humidity.
1. What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperature is 12 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 7 C? A) 1 C B) -2 C C) -5 C D) 4 C 2. A parcel of air has a dry-bulb temperature reading of 16
More informationUnit 5. Seasons and Atmosphere
Unit 5 Seasons and Atmosphere Standard 1: Revolution Motion of a body along a path around some point in space. Earth s orbit is elliptical Earth s distance from the sun varies Perihelion Earth is closest
More information78% : component of atmosphere! 21% : 1% : Changes depending on origin of air: - originated over - originated over Ozone = O 3 Definition:
Unit 6 Part 1 Meteorology Name: Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere SWBAT: Describe the composition of the atmosphere. Diagram/describe the layers of the earth s atmosphere. Weather Climate Atmospheric
More informationChapter 2 Agro-meteorological Observatory
Chapter 2 Agro-meteorological Observatory Abstract A Meteorological observatory is an area where all the weather instruments and structures are installed. The chapter gives a description of a meteorological
More informationBUFR Table D List of common sequences
BUFR Table D List of common sequences F X Category of sequences Identifier NONE Category 01 Location and identification sequences (Temperature and humidity instrumentation) 3 01 130 0 03 002 Generic type
More informationManual Weather Stations & Instruments
Manual Weather Stations & Instruments Digital Wireless Indoor / Outdoor Thermometer Digital thermometer with simultaneous display of both current indoor and outdoor air temperatures and the daily minimum
More informationanemometer a weather instrument that measures wind speed with wind-catching cups (SRB, IG)
FOSS Weather on Earth Module Glossary 3 rd Edition 2012 absorb to soak in air the mixture of gases surrounding Earth air pressure the force exerted on a surface by the mass of the air above it anemometer
More information4 Forecasting Weather
CHAPTER 16 4 Forecasting Weather SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What instruments are used to forecast weather?
More informationCEOP CAMP Chao Phraya River Reference Site
CEOP CAMP Chao Phraya River Reference Site 1. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Metadata Identifier CEOP CAMP Chao Phraya River Reference Site CEOP_CAMP_Chao_Phraya_River20181214124634-DIAS20180903143952-en 2.
More informationAnalyzing/Forecasting Weather
Analyzing/Forecasting Weather Focus Question Dude Its wind. It blows everywhere. Meteorologist to Nicholas Cage in The Weatherman VA SOL SOL 3 The student will investigate and understand how to read and
More informationWeather is the state or condition of the atmosphere at a given location for a brief time period.
Topic 8: WEATHER Workbook chapter 7 Weather is the state or condition of the atmosphere at a given location for a brief time period. Differences in how Earth s surfaces absorb and reradiate energy from
More informationAtmospheric Conditions Geography Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Geography Notes Atmospheric Conditions. 1 P a g e
JC-Learn Geography Notes Atmospheric Conditions 1 P a g e Atmospheric Conditions The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases surrounding the earth. It is usually referred to as air and it is constantly changing.
More informationChapter 5: Weather. Only Section 1: What is Weather?
Chapter 5: Weather Only Section 1: What is Weather? Find the definitions of: Meteorology, meteorologist, weather, climate Not in book? Use the dictionaries **Meteorology - Meteorology is the study of the
More informationQuality Assurance and Quality Control
Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Surface Observations in JMA Japan Meteorological Agency Hakaru MIZUNO "Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation", WMO-No.8, 7th ed., 2008.
More informationMr. Lanik Practice Test Name:
Mr. Lanik Practice Test Name: 1. New York State s Catskills are classified as which type of landscape region? mountain plateau Adirondacks Catskills lowland plain 2. In which New York State landscape region
More information1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Surface Radiation
1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Surface Radiation Meteorologists have utilized recent advances in computer speeds and atmospheric models to create increasingly accurate models of the environment. The computational
More informationApplications. Remote Weather Station with Telephone Communications. Tripod Tower Weather Station with 4-20 ma Outputs
Tripod Tower Weather Station with 4-20 ma Outputs Remote Weather Station with Telephone Communications NEMA-4X Enclosure with Two Translator Boards and Analog Barometer Typical Analog Output Evaporation
More informationabove the land to be warmer, causing convection currents because of the difference in air pressure.
Name Date Period Earth Science Unit Test Review Sheet Directions: Use my web site and/or your lab book to help to answer the following questions. 1. What type of weather does a low pressure system bring?
More informationFinal Weather Unit Study Guide
Name: Atmospheric Composition and Layers Altitude Atmosphere Composition Troposphere Air Pressure Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Ionosphere Sample Questions: Final Weather Unit Study Guide
More informationTheory and Design for Mechanical Measurements
Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements Third Edition Richard S. Figliola Clemson University Donald E. Beasley Clemson University John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York / Chichester / Weinheim / Brisbane
More informationTopic Page: meteorology
Topic Page: meteorology Definition: meteorology from Philip's Encyclopedia Study of weather conditions, a branch of climatology. Meteorologists study and analyse data from a network of weather ships, aircraft
More informationLEA_IT_TEM Weather Sensors. Instruments and Systems for Geotechnical and Structural Monitoring
LEA_IT_TEM0001001 Weather Sensors LEA_IT_TEM0001001 Weather Sensors Description _ Pizzi Instruments offers a wide range of instruments for meteorological and environmental monitoring to be integrated into
More information4 Forecasting Weather
CHAPTER 2 4 Forecasting Weather SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What instruments are used to forecast weather? How
More informationLIST OF AMENDMENTS TO MANUAL ON CODES
LIST OF AMENDMENTS TO MANUAL ON CODES PRE-OPERATIONAL CONTENTS I. FM 92 GRIB NONE II. FM 94 /FM 95 1. Sequence for synoptic reports from sea stations suitable for VOS observation data (editorial changes)
More informationClimate vs. Weather. Weather: Short term state of the atmosphere. Climate: The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
Weather and Climate Climate vs. Weather Weather: Short term state of the atmosphere. Temperature, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, winds, visibility, air pressure, air pollution, etc Climate: The
More informationQuality assurance for sensors at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)
Quality assurance for sensors at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) Quality assurance / maintenance / calibration Holger Dörschel, Dr Tilman Holfelder WMO International Conference on Automatic Weather Stations
More informationFun with Weather Maps! (no, really stop laughing) AOSC 200 Tim Canty
Fun with Weather Maps! (no, really stop laughing) AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Observations Station Model Temperature Maps Pressure Maps
More informationPAM-Station Land-Owner Information Guide Project: CuPIDO, Tucson AZ, Jul/Aug 2006
PAM-Station Land-Owner Information Guide Project: CuPIDO, Tucson AZ, Jul/Aug 2006 PropVane Anemometer mounted at 10-m Lightning Spike Two-Way radio antenna Sonic Anemometer Solar and Net Radiation sensors.
More informationCOMPARISON OF GUNN BELLANI RADIOMETER DATA WITH GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION SENSOR (PYRANOMETER CM6B) Author. Mungai Peter N.
COMPARISON OF GUNN BELLANI RADIOMETER DATA WITH GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION SENSOR (PYRANOMETER CM6B) Author Mungai Peter N. Kenya Meteorological Department. P.O.Box 30259-00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya. Phone 254-2-3867880
More informationFor use with Certificate Geography Form One Schemes of Work: Term One
For use with Form One : Term One SUB- Introduction to Definition Environment : define the terms geography and environment. explain the origin of the term geography. Explanation Environment pages pages
More informationCURRICULUM OUTLINE. DEPARTMENT: Science DATE: January, 2004
PARAMUS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PARAMUS, NEW JERSEY CURRICULUM OUTLINE DEPARTMENT: Science DATE: January, 2004 COURSE: The Earth s Atmosphere GRADE LEVEL: Grade 6 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION: The student will explore
More informationModel 3024 Albedometer. User s Manual 1165 NATIONAL DRIVE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA WWW. ALLWEATHERINC. COM
Model 3024 Albedometer User s Manual 1165 NATIONAL DRIVE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95834 WWW. ALLWEATHERINC. COM TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 THEORY OF OPERATION... 2 General Description... 2 Accuracy...
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION
CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 625, Alexandria, VA 22314, 877-344-3044 This is to certify that Hards Laboratories cc, t/a Technology Solutions
More informationIndex. back-up power supply 11 balance gas 50, 81 Bernoulli's law 133 binary format 105 black body 116 BNC connector 126 boardwalk 7, 19
Practical Handbook of Tower Flux Observation (Ver. 1.0) Index APAR see absorbed PAR absolute radiometer 116 absorbed PAR, APAR 125 AC power see alternating current power aerial photography 2 AGC see automatic
More informationObservational Needs for Polar Atmospheric Science
Observational Needs for Polar Atmospheric Science John J. Cassano University of Colorado with contributions from: Ed Eloranta, Matthew Lazzara, Julien Nicolas, Ola Persson, Matthew Shupe, and Von Walden
More informationfor JMA/WMO Training Workshop on CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
for JMA/WMO Training Workshop on CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS in RA II (ASIA) 0. Overview of JMA 3 4 1. Surface observation station 5-8 2. Instruments in operational use 9-14
More informationWEATHER. Review Note Cards
WEATHER Review Note Cards Thermometer Weather instrument that measures air temperature Units include F, C, and K ESRT 13 Sling Psychrometer Weather instrument that measures relative humidity and dewpoint
More informationGuided Notes Weather. Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models
Guided Notes Weather Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models. 1. What is weather? Weather: short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area at a specific time
More informationControl Engineering BDA30703
Control Engineering BDA30703 Lecture 4: Transducers Prepared by: Ramhuzaini bin Abd. Rahman Expected Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to; 1) Explain a basic measurement system.
More informationName: Date: Period: MATCHING: Select the letter of the word in Column B that best matches the phrases in Column A.
Name: Date: Period: MATCHING: Select the letter of the word in Column B that best matches the phrases in Column A. COLUMN A 1. a unit of atmospheric pressure 2. a line joining points of equal air pressure
More informationSolar and Earth Radia.on
Solar and Earth Radia.on Solar and Earth Radia.on Solar radia.on Any incoming radia.on measured at the earth s surface Earth radia.on The long- wave band of radia.on emi>ed by the earth What are the typical
More informationMeteorology 432. Barometry Spring 2013
Meteorology 432 Barometry Spring 2013 Basics Revisited Objective: Measure the static pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Static Pressure: Force per unit area in the absence of air motion. In this case,
More informationand soils characterizing would be defined.
Working out of the basic network for monitoring of natural and climatic processes in Siberia M.V. Kabanov, V.V. Zuev, V.А. Krutikov Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, Tomsk,
More informationTopic 1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Variables
Name Notes: Topic 1 The Atmosphere Regents Earth Science Topic 1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Variables What is the atmosphere? Meteorology is the study of A. Structure of the Atmosphere: What two gases
More informationMicroclimate for Cultural Heritage Conservation, Restoration, and Maintenance of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments Elsevier, New York
Microclimate for Cultural Heritage Conservation, Restoration, and Maintenance of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments Elsevier, New York Second Updated and Expanded Edition (27 November 2013) Dario Camuffo Contents,
More informationContent. Climate Parameters used for the measurement and recording of weather phenomena The Psychrometric Chart
Climate Content Climate Parameters used for the measurement and recording of weather phenomena The Psychrometric Chart Climate Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity,
More informationPredicting Weather Conditions. Do you have a career as a meteorologist?
Predicting Weather Conditions Do you have a career as a meteorologist? It is essential for students for know 1. Weather conditions and patterns can be based on weather data collected from various sources.
More informationREVISION OF THE STATEMENT OF GUIDANCE FOR GLOBAL NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION. (Submitted by Dr. J. Eyre)
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Distr.: RESTRICTED CBS/OPAG-IOS (ODRRGOS-5)/Doc.5, Add.5 (11.VI.2002) COMMISSION FOR BASIC SYSTEMS OPEN PROGRAMME AREA GROUP ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS ITEM: 4 EXPERT
More informationThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to meteorology:
1 of 7 1/5/2017 4:00 PM From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to meteorology: Meteorology interdisciplinary scientific study of the
More informationBack to basics: The met. enclosure : Part 9(a) Automatic weather stations: Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and wind
Back to basics: The met. enclosure : Part 9(a) Automatic weather stations: Temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and wind Ian Strangeways TerraData, Wallingford The previous eight articles in this
More informationWeatherHawk Weather Station Protocol
WeatherHawk Weather Station Protocol Purpose To log atmosphere data using a WeatherHawk TM weather station Overview A weather station is setup to measure and record atmospheric measurements at 15 minute
More informationCGMS Baseline. Sustained contributions to the Global Observing System. Endorsed by CGMS-46 in Bengaluru, June 2018
CGMS Baseline Sustained contributions to the Global Observing System Best Practices for Achieving User Readiness for New Meteorological Satellites Endorsed by CGMS-46 in Bengaluru, June 2018 CGMS/DOC/18/1028862,
More informationWeather Instruments WHAT IS WEATHER
TOPIC TWO 1 WHAT IS WEATHER Weather is the combined short-term conditions found in the lower atmosphere. These conditions include precipitation, or rain and snow, as well as wind, pressure, storminess,
More informationClever Catch Weather Ball Question and Answer Sheets
Clever Catch Weather Ball Question and Answer Sheets 1. Too much exposure to can cause skin cancer. B. Ultraviolet radiation 2. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth s surface is the 3. Some
More informationFundamentals of Weather and Climate
Fundamentals of Weather and Climate ROBIN McILVEEN Environmental Science Division Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences Lancaster University CHAPMAN & HALL London Glasgow Weinheim New York
More informationSTATUS OF INSTRUMENTS TRACEABILITY IN NMHSs
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION COMMISSION FOR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION OPAG CAPACITY BUILDING CIMO EXPERT TEAM ON REGIONAL INSTRUMENT CENTRES, QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND COMMERCIAL
More informationWATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE During a rainstorm, the air feels moist On a clear, cloudless day, the air may feel dry As the sun heats the land and oceans, the amount of water in the atmosphere changes Water
More information1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION
WEATHER DEFINITION Weather state or condition of the variables of the atmosphere at a given time Weather variables temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, cloud cover, precipitation, storms Weather
More informationCh22&23 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch22&23 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and a. particulates.
More informationAmplified Pyranometer SP-212 & 215
Amplified Pyranometer SP-212 & 215 Amplified Pyranometer Sensor This sensor is calibrated to measure total shortwave radiation. The evaporation of water from soil and the transpiration of water from plant
More informationRR#4 - Multiple Choice
1. The map below shows the amount of snowfall, in inches, produced by a lake-effect snowstorm in central New York State. The wind that produced this snowfall pattern most likely came from the 1) northeast
More informationWeather Practice. 4. As wind velocity decreases, the distance between isobars on a weather map will A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same
1. The chart below shows the air temperature and the dewpoint temperature near the ground at a given location for four consecutive days. All temperatures were recorded at noon. Which statement is best
More informationMETEOROLOGY A SCIENCE ACTIVITY BOOK
METEOROLOGY A SCIENCE ACTIVITY BOOK BY PAT AND BARBARA WARD COPYRIGHT 1994 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-972-4 Printing No. 1809-EB Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa
More informationMEASUREMENT OF UPPER AIR PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
CHAPTER 12 MEASUREMENT OF UPPER AIR PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 1 12.1 General CHAPTER 12 MEASUREMENT OF UPPER AIR PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 12.1.1 Definitions The following definitions
More informationSolar Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Geo 827, MSU Jiquan Chen Oct. 6, 2015
Solar Radiation and Environmental Biophysics Geo 827, MSU Jiquan Chen Oct. 6, 2015 1) Solar radiation basics 2) Energy balance 3) Other relevant biophysics 4) A few selected applications of RS in ecosystem
More informationIntroduction of RIC Tsukuba (Japan, RAII)
Introduction of RIC Tsukuba (Japan, RAII) 20 March, 2018 Kouichi NAKASHIMA Scientific Officer Regional Instrument Centre Tsukuba Observing Division, Observing Department Outline 1. Overview of Organization
More informationWali Ullah Khan Pakistan Meteorological Department
An overview of Weather Observation practices over Pakistan By Wali Ullah Khan Pakistan Meteorological Department JMA/WMO TRAINING WORKSHOP ON CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS IN
More information5. General Circulation Models
5. General Circulation Models I. 3-D Climate Models (General Circulation Models) To include the full three-dimensional aspect of climate, including the calculation of the dynamical transports, requires
More informationECMWF global reanalyses: Resources for the wind energy community
ECMWF global reanalyses: Resources for the wind energy community (and a few myth-busters) Paul Poli European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK paul.poli
More informationScience Olympiad Meteorology Quiz #1 Page 1 of 7
1) What is generally true about the stratosphere: a) Has turbulent updrafts and downdrafts. b) Has either a stable or increasing temperature profile with altitude. c) Where the auroras occur. d) Both a)
More information2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocouples.
Code No: R05410304 Set No. 1 1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurement with suitable examples. (b) What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for an instrumentation
More informationRadiation, Sensible Heat Flux and Evapotranspiration
Radiation, Sensible Heat Flux and Evapotranspiration Climatological and hydrological field work Figure 1: Estimate of the Earth s annual and global mean energy balance. Over the long term, the incoming
More informationSU solar resource measurement station: Sonbesie metadata
SU solar resource measurement station: Sonbesie metadata Date: 30 July 2013 Introduction A solar resource measurement station, known as Sonbesie, has been installed at Stellenbosch University. The system
More informationAtmosphere and Weather Revision Notes
Atmosphere and Weather Revision Notes Atmosphere The blanket of gases that surrounds the Earth is called the atmosphere. The main gases are nitrogen (78 %), oxygen (21 %), water vapour, ozone and carbon
More informationCEOP BALTEX Sodankyla Reference Site
CEOP BALTEX Sodankyla Reference Site 1. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Metadata Identifier CEOP BALTEX Sodankyla Reference Site CEOP_BALTEX_Sodankyla20180516142418-DIAS20170725102541-en 2. CONTACT 2.1 CONTACT
More information