Optics Interference from Films Newton s Rings Michelson Interferometer
|
|
- Donald Butler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Optics Interference from Films Newton s Rings Michelson Interferometer Lana Sheridan De Anza College June 19, 2018
2 Last time diffraction patterns diffraction and interference resolution and Raleigh s criterion reflection and phase changes
3 Overview interference from thin films Newton s rings the interferometer polarization birefringence
4 from a thin film is due to a combination of rays 1 and 2 two surfaces of t reflected from the upper and Reflected ray Consider a film of liquid lower (or surfaces solid) of with the film. refractive indexundergoes n. a pha 2, which is refle 180 phase because it is ref change No phase Therefore, ray 1 change 1 2 ence of l n /2. We before the waves Air sidering light ray n 1.00 A normal, the path Film n t in phase and th constructive interf Thin Film Interference B Air n This condition t Imagine the incident ray shines directly down into the surface. Rays 3 and 4 lead to the two rays (th interference effects for light We draw it making a small angle to the vertical so thatterm we can 1 2l n ). Becau transmitted through the film. clearly see the reflections.
5 Thin Film Interference A B reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of the film. Air n 1.00 Film n Air n phase change No phase change t Reflected undergoes a 2, which is re because it is Therefore, ra ence of l n /2. before the wa sidering light normal, the p in phase and constructive in This conditio the two rays term 1 2l n ). Be Ray 1 undergoes a 180 (ie. λ/2) phase shift at boundary A. Rays 3 and 4 lead to Ray 2 travels an extrainterference distance of 2t effects and has for light a phase shift of 0 at boundary B. transmitted through the film.
6 Thin Film Interference The condition for constructive interference between rays 1 and 2 is: ( 2t = m + 1 ) λ n m Z 2 where λ n = λ n is the wavelength of the light in the film. We can rewrite this as: ( 2nt = m + 1 ) λ m Z 2 For destructive interference: 2nt = mλ m Z These expressions depend on the choice of media: if there is something other than air below or above the film the conditions will change.
7 Thin Film Interference 1 From Dr. Chris L. Davis s page,
8 Thin Film Interference Oil floating on water on pavement after rain.
9 Iridescence in Biology
10 Iridescence in Biology 1 Left photo by Didier Descouens; right Radislav A. Potyrailo et al. Nature Communications 6: 7959, 2015.
11 Antireflective Coatings Antirelective coatings are used on eyeglasses and camera lenses to cut down on glare and increase the transmitted light. 1
12 Interference by reflection question Quick Quiz One microscope slide is placed on top of another with their left edges in contact and a human hair under the right edge of the upper slide. As a result, a wedge of air exists between the slides. An interference pattern results when monochromatic light is incident on the wedge. What is at the left edges of the slides? (A) a dark fringe (B) a bright fringe (C) impossible to determine 1 Serway & Jewett, page 1144.
13 Interference by reflection question Quick Quiz One microscope slide is placed on top of another with their left edges in contact and a human hair under the right edge of the upper slide. As a result, a wedge of air exists between the slides. An interference pattern results when monochromatic light is incident on the wedge. What is at the left edges of the slides? (A) a dark fringe (B) a bright fringe (C) impossible to determine 1 Serway & Jewett, page 1144.
14 Newton s Rings Newton s rings are another independence pattern, formed when a plano-convex lens rests on a flat surface that can reflect light. They are named for Isaac Newton who studied them after their discovery by Robert Hooke. They were used to assess the quality of lenses.
15 Newton s Rings Light shines from above into the lens and is reflected both from the bottom of the lens and the flat glass plate below. These two rays interfere. R 2 1 r P O a b 1 Figure from Serway & Jewett.
16 Newton s Rings Interference pattern produced with monochromatic light. 1 Photo from Amrita University Vlab.
17 Newton s Rings Interference patterns produced with broad-spectrum light (left), mercury fluorescent (limited spectrum), and monochromatic laser light. 1 Photo by Bob Fosbury.
18 Newton s Rings Computer model of Newton s rings for full visible spectrum illumination. 1 From the Scientific Legal Tourist blog.
19 Newton s Rings The dark rings for a particular wavelength can be found using the same ideas as for the thin film. R 2 1 r P O dark: 2nt a = mλ (lens in air so n = 1) here, t is the depth of the air gap. Newton s Rings t = R R 2 r 2 Another method for observing interference in light waves is to Assuming r R, welens canon use top aof Taylor a flat glass expansion surface as about shown r in = Figure 0 to 37.11a. W the air film between the glass surfaces varies in thickness fro show: contact to some nonzero value at point P. If the radius of cur much greater t than r 2 the distance r and the system is viewed fro light and dark rings 2R is observed as shown in Figure 37.11b. T b
20 Newton s Rings R 2 1 r P O a 2nt = mλ ; t r 2 2R Newton s Rings Using the expression for t and rearranging, we see that dark rings occur at radii: mλr r = n Another method for observing interference in light waves is to lens on top of a flat glass surface as shown in Figure 37.11a. W the air film between the glass surfaces varies in thickness fro contact to some nonzero value at point P. If the radius of cur much greater than the distance r and the system is viewed fro where n = 1 if the lens light isand surrounded dark rings by is observed air. as shown in Figure 37.11b. T discovered by Newton, are called Newton s rings. b
21 Michelson Interferometer The Michelson interferometer is an ingenious device for studying interference, measuring wavelength, measuring path differences, finding optical thicknesses of various optical components, studying quantum effects, and spectroscopy (determining a spectrum from a e Optics source). A single ray of light is split into two rays by mirror M 0, which is called a beam splitter. Light source The path difference between the two rays is varied with the adjustable mirror M 1. Telescope L 2 M 0 L 1 M 1 As M 1 is moved, an interference pattern changes in the field of view. M 2
22 7 Michelson Wave Optics Interferometer A single ray of light is split into two rays by mirror M 0, which is called a beam splitter. Light source The path difference between the two rays is varied with the adjustable mirror M 1. Telescope L 2 M 0 L 1 M 1 As M 1 is moved, an interference pattern changes in the field of view. M 2 Invented by Albert Michelson in 1881, this device featured in two target pattern (corresponding to destructive interference) and M 1 is then moved a particularly distance l/4 toward important M 0, the experiments path difference (and changes lotsby more!): l/2. What was a dark circle at the center now becomes a bright circle. As M 1 is moved an additional distance l/4 thetoward Michelson-Morley M 0, the bright circle experiment becomes a dark (1887) circle again. demonstrated Therefore, the fringe there pattern ishifts no by ether one-half fringe each time M 1 is moved a distance l/4. The wavelength of light is then measured by counting the number of fringe shifts for a given displacement of M 1. If the wavelength is accurately known, mirror displacements can be measured to within a fraction of the wavelength. the LIGO experiment (2015) first experimental detection of gravitational waves
23 7 Wave Optics Michelson Interferometer A single ray of light is split into two rays by mirror M 0, which is called a beam splitter. Light source The path difference between the two rays is varied with the adjustable mirror M 1. Telescope L 2 M 0 L 1 M 1 As M 1 is moved, an interference pattern changes in the field of view. M 2 M 0 is a half-silvered mirror called a beamplitter. It transmits half the light that strikes it and reflects the rest. M 1 is a movable mirror. Using a screw mechanism you can target pattern (corresponding to destructive interference) and M 1 is then moved a distance l/4 toward M 0, the path difference changes by l/2. What was a dark circle at the center now becomes a bright circle. As M 1 is moved an additional distance l/4 verytoward slowly M 0, move the bright it closer circle becomes to or further a dark circle from again. M 0 Therefore,. the fringe pattern shifts by one-half fringe each time M 1 is moved a distance l/4. The wavelength M 2 is of light a fixed is then mirror. measured by counting the number of fringe shifts for a given displacement The telescope of M 1 is. If used the wavelength to view is the accurately interference known, mirror pattern displacements can be measured to within a fraction of the wavelength. that forms. We will see an important historical use of the Michelson interferometer in our
24 Michelson Interferometer The interference effects occur because the two paths for the light can be made different lengths. Let the source be S and the telescope be T. Path 1: S M 0 M 1 M 0 T Path 2: S M 0 M 2 M 0 T The only part that differs is the arm traveled to the mirror M 1 or M 2, so the path difference is δ = 2L 1 2L 2
25 Michelson Interferometer The only part of that differs is the arm traveled to the mirror M 1 or M 2, so the path difference is δ = 2L 1 2L 2 The condition for the δ = 0 fringe to be bright or dark depends on the details of the experimental arrangement (eg. beamsplitter designs and coatings).
26 Michelson Interferometer Interference Patterns white light, tilted mirrors, cube beamsplitter, δ = 0 monochromatic light, point source e 3: The circular fringe interference pattern produced b 1 Left photo by Alain Le Rille; right Univ. of Toronto Physics Dept
27 Gravitational Waves General relativity predicts gravitational waves, similar to electromagnetic waves. However, they are much harder to detect than EM waves! Massive objects that accelerate (for example, rotation of a non-rotational symmetric object) generate gravitational waves. Their effect is to distort spacetime as they propagate. They can tell us about events in the cosmos that we cannot see, and they can travel through matter with almost no scattering.
28 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Two miles-long interferometers where constructed in Hanford, Washington, and in Livingston, Louisiana. 1 The LIGO Livingston Observatory in Louisiana. Caltech/MIT/LIGO Lab
29 Detecting Gravitational Waves
30 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) On Sept 14, 2015, both interferometers observed the same pattern of lengthening and contraction in the arms of their interferometers at basically the same time. They concluded that the source of the waves was the merger of two black holes. This was the first confirmed detection of gravitational waves.
31 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) On Sept 14, 2015, both interferometers observed the same pattern of lengthening and contraction in the arms of their interferometers at basically the same time. They concluded that the source of the waves was the merger of two black holes. This was the first confirmed detection of gravitational waves. Four black hole collisions have now been observed by LIGO, and one of those also by Virgo, a new interferometer in Italy. They have also detected a collision of neutron stars (Aug 17, 2017), the first time both gravitational and EM waves were seen from the same event. The Fermi gamma ray space telescope detected a coinciding short gamma ray burst.
32 Summary interference from thin films Newton s rings the interferometer Final Exam 9:15-11:15am, Tuesday, June 26. Homework Serway & Jewett: prev: Ch 37, onward from page OQs: 5, 7; Probs: 35, 61, 67, (31, 37, 40 covered today) new: Ch 37, onward from page OQs: 1, 5, 7; Probs: 43, 54, 63, 65, 68
Optics Polarization. Lana Sheridan. June 20, De Anza College
Optics Polarization Lana Sheridan De Anza College June 20, 2018 Last time interference from thin films Newton s rings Overview the interferometer and gravitational waves polarization birefringence 7 Michelson
More informationDouble Slit is VERY IMPORTANT because it is evidence of waves. Only waves interfere like this.
Double Slit is VERY IMPORTANT because it is evidence of waves. Only waves interfere like this. Superposition of Sinusoidal Waves Assume two waves are traveling in the same direction, with the same frequency,
More informationMichelson Interferometer. crucial role in Einstein s development of the Special Theory of Relativity.
Michelson Interferometer The interferometer Michelson experiment Interferometer of Michelson and Morley played 0 a crucial role in Einstein s development of the Special Theory of Relativity. Michelson
More informationMichelson Interferometer
Michelson Interferometer Objective Determination of the wave length of the light of the helium-neon laser by means of Michelson interferometer subsectionprinciple and Task Light is made to produce interference
More informationTA/TI survey. Phy Phy
TA/TI survey https://webapps.pas.rochester.edu/secure/phpq/ Phy121 7 60 73 Phy123 1 6 11 Chapter 34 The Wave Nature of Light; Interference Units of Chapter 34 34-5 Interference in Thin Films 34-6 Michelson
More informationInterference- Michelson Interferometer. Interference lecture by Dr. T.Vishwam
Interference- Michelson Interferometer Interference lecture by Dr. T.Vishwam * Measurement of the coherence length of a spectral line * Measurement of thickness of thin transparent flakes * Measurement
More informationExperiment O-2. The Michelson Interferometer
Experiment O-2 The Michelson Interferometer The Michelson interferometer is one of the best known and historically important interferometers. It is a very accurate length-measuring device and has been
More informationThe Michelson Interferometer
Experiment #33 The Michelson Interferometer References 1. Your first year physics textbook. 2. Hecht, Optics, Addison Wesley - Chapter 9 in the 4th Ed. (2001). 3. Jenkins and White, Fundamentals of Optics
More informationExperiment 6: Interferometers
Experiment 6: Interferometers Nate Saffold nas2173@columbia.edu Office Hour: Mondays, 5:30PM-6:30PM @ Pupin 1216 INTRO TO EXPERIMENTAL PHYS-LAB 1493/1494/2699 NOTE: No labs and no lecture next week! Outline
More informationUnderstanding and Testing Relativity
Understanding and Testing Relativity From Einstein s formulations to the tests of today www. library.thinkquest.org www.csep10.phys.utk.edu www.arcive.ncsa.uiuc.edu Boston University - April 25, 2006 1
More informationLC circuit: Energy stored. This lecture reviews some but not all of the material that will be on the final exam that covers in Chapters
Disclaimer: Chapter 29 Alternating-Current Circuits (1) This lecture reviews some but not all of the material that will be on the final exam that covers in Chapters 29-33. LC circuit: Energy stored LC
More informationInterference. Reminder: Exam 2 and Review quiz, more details on the course website
Chapter 9 Interference Phys 322 Lecture 25 Reminder: Exam 2 and Review quiz, more details on the course website Interferometers Wavefront-splitting interferometers Amplitude-splitting interferometers ed
More informationElectricity & Optics
Physics 24100 Electricity & Optics Lecture 26 Chapter 33 sec. 1-4 Fall 2017 Semester Professor Koltick Interference of Light Interference phenomena are a consequence of the wave-like nature of light Electric
More informationPostulate 2: Light propagates through empty space with a definite speed (c) independent of the speed of the source or of the observer.
Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity 1 m E = mv E =m*c m* = KE =m*c - m c 1- v p=mv p=m*v c 9-1 Postulate 1: The laws of physics have the same form in all inertial reference frames. Postulate : Light
More informationMeasurments with Michelson interferometers
Please do not remove this manual from from the lab. It is available at www.cm.ph.bham.ac.uk/y2lab Optics Measurments with Michelson interferometers Objectives In this experiment you will: Understand the
More informationLABORATORY WRITE-UP MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER LAB AUTHOR S NAME GOES HERE STUDENT NUMBER:
LABORATORY WRITE-UP MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER LAB AUTHOR S NAME GOES HERE STUDENT NUMBER: 111-22-3333 MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to give some practice in using
More informationMeasurements in Optics for Civil Engineers
Measurements in Optics for Civil Engineers I. FOCAL LENGTH OF LENSES The behavior of simplest optical devices can be described by the method of geometrical optics. For convex or converging and concave
More informationChapter 35 Physical Optics: Light as a wave
Chapter 35 Physical Optics: Light as a wave Interference happens when two or more waves combine Examples of no-pigmented color presentation (iridescence): Beautiful oil spills Colors on soap bubble Color
More informationA) n L < 1.0 B) n L > 1.1 C) n L > 1.3 D) n L < 1.1 E) n L < 1.3
1. A beam of light passes from air into water. Which is necessarily true? A) The frequency is unchanged and the wavelength increases. B) The frequency is unchanged and the wavelength decreases. C) The
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF LIGO Adapted from material developed by Brock Wells Robert L. Olds Junior High School, Connell, WA August 2001
AN OVERVIEW OF LIGO Adapted from material developed by Brock Wells Robert L. Olds Junior High School, Connell, WA August 2001 The purpose of this guide is to provide background about the LIGO project at
More informationOptics.
Optics www.optics.rochester.edu/classes/opt100/opt100page.html Course outline Light is a Ray (Geometrical Optics) 1. Nature of light 2. Production and measurement of light 3. Geometrical optics 4. Matrix
More informationThe Michelson Interferometer as a Device for Measuring the Wavelength of a Helium-Neon Laser
Journal of Advanced Undergraduate Physics Laboratory Investigation Volume 3 2017-2018 Article 2 2018 The Michelson Interferometer as a Device for Measuring the Wavelength of a Helium-Neon Laser Carly E.
More informationPS210 - Optical Techniques. Section VI
PS210 - Optical Techniques Section VI Section I Light as Waves, Rays and Photons Section II Geometrical Optics & Optical Instrumentation Section III Periodic and Non-Periodic (Aperiodic) Waves Section
More informationRevisiting Fizeau s Observations: Spectral study of Na source using Newton s rings. Abstract
Revisiting Fizeau s Observations: Spectral study of Na source using Newton s rings K S Umesh #, Denny Melkay, J Adithya, Sai Prem Shaji, N Ganesh, R Dharmaraj, Rajkumar Jain, S Nanjundan # Author for correspondence:
More informationOptical Shop Testing
Optical Shop Testing nd Edition (199 ) Edited by Daniel Malacara 1 OUTLINE Chapter 1. Newton, Fizeau, and Haidinger Interferometer 1.1 1. Fizeau Interferometer 1.3 Haidinger Interferometer 1.4 Absolute
More informationChapter 1. Optical Interferometry. Introduction
Chapter 1 Optical Interferometry Experiment objectives: Assemble and align Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers, calibrate them using a laser of known wavelength, and then use them characterize the
More informationUNIT-5 EM WAVES UNIT-6 RAY OPTICS
UNIT-5 EM WAVES 2 Marks Question 1. To which regions of electromagnetic spectrum do the following wavelengths belong: (a) 250 nm (b) 1500 nm 2. State any one property which is common to all electromagnetic
More informationLooking for ripples of gravity with LIGO. Phil Willems, California Institute of Technology. LIGO Laboratory 1 G G
Looking for ripples of gravity with LIGO Phil Willems, California Institute of Technology LIGO Laboratory 1 LIGO: -an experiment to measure gravitational waves from the cosmos LIGO Laboratory 2 Laser Interferometer
More informationPhysics 30: Chapter 5 Exam Wave Nature of Light
Physics 30: Chapter 5 Exam Wave Nature of Light Name: Date: Mark: /33 Numeric Response. Place your answers to the numeric response questions, with units, in the blanks at the side of the page. (1 mark
More informationInterferometers. PART 1: Michelson Interferometer The Michelson interferometer is one of the most useful of all optical instru
Interferometers EP421 Lab Interferometers Introduction: Interferometers are the key to accurate distance measurement using optics. Historically, when mechanical measurements dominated, interferometers
More informationOptics Optical Testing and Testing Instrumentation Lab
Optics 513 - Optical Testing and Testing Instrumentation Lab Lab #6 - Interference Microscopes The purpose of this lab is to observe the samples provided using two different interference microscopes --
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 24 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 24 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More informationMichelson Interferometry and Measurement of the Sodium Doublet Splitting
Michelson Interferometry and Measurement of the Sodium Doublet Splitting PHYS 3330: Experiments in Optics Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (Dated: Revised
More informationPhysics 476LW Advanced Physics Laboratory Michelson Interferometer
Physics 476LW Advanced Physics Laboratory Michelson Interferometer Introduction An optical interferometer is an instrument which splits a beam of light into two beams, each beam follows a different path
More informationLecture 18 Vacuum, General Relativity
The Nature of the Physical World Lecture 18 Vacuum, General Relativity Arán García-Bellido 1 Standard Model recap Fundamental particles Fundamental Forces Quarks (u, d, c, s, t, b) fractional electric
More informationAstronomy. Optics and Telescopes
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,
More informationIndicate whether each statement is true or false by circling your answer. No explanation for your choice is required. Each answer is worth 3 points.
Physics 5B FINAL EXAM Winter 2009 PART I (15 points): True/False Indicate whether each statement is true or false by circling your answer. No explanation for your choice is required. Each answer is worth
More informationVersion 087 EX4 ditmire (58335) 1
Version 087 EX4 ditmire (58335) This print-out should have 3 questions. Multiple-choice questions ma continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. 00 (part of ) 0.0 points A material
More informationConcave mirrors. Which of the following ray tracings is correct? A: only 1 B: only 2 C: only 3 D: all E: 2& 3
Concave mirrors Which of the following ray tracings is correct? A: only 1 B: only 2 C: only 3 D: all E: 2& 3 1 2 3 c F Point C: geometrical center of the mirror, F: focal point 2 Concave mirrors Which
More informationConstructive vs. destructive interference; Coherent vs. incoherent interference
Constructive vs. destructive interference; Coherent vs. incoherent interference Waves that combine in phase add up to relatively high irradiance. = Constructive interference (coherent) Waves that combine
More informationABSTRACT. The following values for the wavelength of the sodium doublet lines were calculated:
Determination of the wavelengths of the Sodium doublet lines and the measurement of the thickness of a thin transparent film using a Michelson interferometer Luke Pomfrey Tutor: Dr. P. Doel March 22, 2007
More informationQuantum Physics and Beyond
Physics 120 John Harris 1 Physics 120 Announcements / Issues Quiz next week at beginning of class Covers everything up through last week s class (see next 2 slides), through Reading assignments including
More informationGravitational Wave. Kehan Chen Math 190S. Duke Summer College
Gravitational Wave Kehan Chen 2017.7.29 Math 190S Duke Summer College 1.Introduction Since Albert Einstein released his masterpiece theory of general relativity, there has been prediction of the existence
More informationINTERFEROMETERS. There are 4 principal types of measurements that can be made with this type of interferometer.
INTERFEROMETERS NOTE: Most mirrors in the apparatus are front surface aluminized. Do not touch the surfaces nor wipe them. they can be easily permanently damaged. Introduction This experiment provides
More informationIGHT RADE ASSESSMENT PACKET Discover refraction, reflection, beam scattering, optical density, transmission, and absorption as you investigate the electromagnetic spectrum using lenses, mirrors and filters
More informationPHYS 4 CONCEPT PACKET Complete
PHYS 4 CONCEPT PACKET Complete Written by Jeremy Robinson, Head Instructor Find Out More +Private Instruction +Review Sessions WWW.GRADEPEAK.COM Need Help? Online Private Instruction Anytime, Anywhere
More informationJRE Group of Institutions ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity
ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity 1. What was the objective of conducting the Michelson-Morley experiment? Describe the experiment. How is the negative result of the experiment interpreted? 2.
More informationOPSE FINAL EXAM Fall 2015 YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT.
CLOSED BOOK. Equation Sheet is provided. YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. ANSWERS THAT ARE NOT JUSTIFIED WILL BE GIVEN ZERO CREDIT. ALL NUMERICAL ANSERS MUST HAVE UNITS INDICATED. (Except dimensionless units like
More information1. Waves and Particles 2. Interference of Waves 3. Wave Nature of Light
1. Waves and Particles 2. Interference of Waves 3. Wave Nature of Light 1. Double-Slit Eperiment reading: Chapter 22 2. Single-Slit Diffraction reading: Chapter 22 3. Diffraction Grating reading: Chapter
More informationLab 2: Mach Zender Interferometer Overview
Lab : Mach Zender Interferometer Overview Goals:. Study factors that govern the interference between two light waves with identical amplitudes and frequencies. Relative phase. Relative polarization. Learn
More informationPhys 2310 Mon. Dec. 11, 2014 Today s Topics. Begin Chapter 9: Interference Reading for Next Time
Phys 30 Mon. Dec., 04 Todays Topics Begin Chapter 9: nterference Reading for Next Time Reading this Week By Wed.: Begin Ch. 9 (9. 9.3) General Considerations, Conditions for nterference, Wavefront-splitting
More informationDiffraction I. Physics 2415 Lecture 37. Michael Fowler, UVa
Diffraction I Physics 2415 Lecture 37 Michael Fowler, UVa Today s Topics Michelson s interferometer The Michelson Morley experiment Single-slit diffraction Eye of a fly Angular resolution Michelson Interferometer
More informationtip conducting surface
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram shows the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) above a conducting surface. The tip is at a potential of 1.0 V relative to the surface. If the tip is sufficiently
More informationSpeed of Light in Air
Speed of Light in Air Electromagnetic waves represent energy in the form of oscillating electric and magnetic fields which propagate through vacuum with a speed c = 2.9979246x10 8 m/s. Electromagnetic
More informationIntensity of Interference Patterns
Intensity of Interference Patterns Wish to find I on a screen far away Let consider the E fields coming from the double slits: S 2 S 1 r r 2 1 E field from S 2 has a phase lag due to the extra path difference,
More informationQuantum Interference and Duality
Quantum Interference and Duality Kiyohide NOMURA Department of Physics December 21, 2016 1 / 49 Quantum Physics(Mechanics) Basic notion of Quantum Physics: Wave-Particle Duality Light (electromagnetic
More informationExperiment 3 1. The Michelson Interferometer and the He- Ne Laser Physics 2150 Experiment No. 3 University of Colorado
Experiment 3 1 Introduction The Michelson Interferometer and the He- Ne Laser Physics 2150 Experiment No. 3 University of Colorado The Michelson interferometer is one example of an optical interferometer.
More informationEinstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road New Delhi , Ph. : ,
1 O P T I C S 1. Define resolving power of a telescope & microscope and give the expression for its resolving power. 2. Explain briefly the formation of mirage in deserts. 3. The radii of curvature of
More informationPhysics 116. Nov 3, Lecture 21 Wave optics. R. J. Wilkes 11/3/11 1
Physics 116 Lecture 21 Wave optics Nov 3, 2011 R. J. Wilkes Email: ph116@u.washington.edu 11/3/11 1 Announcements 3 clickers have quiz data logged, but no registration: 622961 649314 614235 If one of these
More information8. The Michelson Interferometer
M 8. The Michelson Interferometer 8.1 Introduction Interference patterns from superposed coherent waves may be used for precise determination of wavelength or, if the wavelength is known, time-of-flight,
More informationPrac%ce Quiz 8. These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar.
Prac%ce Quiz 8 These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar. A laser beam shines vertically upwards. What laser power is needed
More informationTITLE: Interferometry: The Michelson Interferometer
TITLE: Interferometry: The Michelson Interferometer Contributed by: Yolanda Flores Baboquivari High School Summary: The lesson begins with a demonstration introducing students to interference fringes formed
More informationMidterm Solutions. 1 1 = 0.999c (0.2)
Midterm Solutions 1. (0) The detected muon is seen km away from the beam dump. It carries a kinetic energy of 4 GeV. Here we neglect the energy loss and angular scattering of the muon for simplicity. a.
More informationWaves Part 3B: Interference
Waves Part 3B: Interference Last modified: 31/01/2018 Contents Links Interference Path Difference & Interference Light Young s Double Slit Experiment What Sort of Wave is Light? Michelson-Morley Experiment
More informationFluids density Pascal s principle (pressure vs. depth) Equation of continuity Buoyant force Bernoulli s (pressure, velocity, depth)
Final Exam All Finals week in the testing center. 50 multiple choice questions. Equations on the back of the test. Calculators are allowed on the test. There is a practice test in the packet. Exam 1 Review
More informationCornu s method for the determination of elastic constants of a Perspex beam Surjeet Singh
Cornu s method for the determination of elastic constants of a Perspex beam Surjeet Singh Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune surjeet.singh@iiserpune.ac.in Objective: Using Cornu s
More informationDRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENEGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCEINCE AND HUMANITIES SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Unit-I. Chapter I: Interference
DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENEGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCEINCE AND HUMANITIES SUBJECT: PHYSICS-I CODE: PHY-101-F SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Unit-I Chapter I: Interference 1. State the condition for sustained
More informationExperiment 8 Michelson Interferometer
Experiment 8 Michelson Interferometer Introduction This week s experiment utilizes the Michelson interferometer. You are to measure the wavelength of the green mercury light, the wavelength of the sodium
More informationOPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626
OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Important announcements Homework #1 is due. Homework #2 is assigned, due
More informationA refl = R A inc, A trans = T A inc.
Reading: Wave Optics 1, 2 Key concepts: Superposition; phase difference; amplitude and intensity; thin film interference; Fraunhofer diffraction; gratings; resolving power. 1.! Questions about interference
More informationGravity Waves and Black Holes
Gravity Waves and Black Holes Mike Whybray Orwell Astronomical Society (Ipswich) 14 th March 2016 Overview Introduction to Special and General Relativity The nature of Black Holes What to expect when Black
More informationName Final Exam May 1, 2017
Name Final Exam May 1, 217 This test consists of five parts. Please note that in parts II through V, you can skip one question of those offered. Some possibly useful formulas appear below. Constants, etc.
More informationSpectroscopic Instruments
Spectroscopic Instruments 95 Spectroscopic Instruments by division of amplitude Mach-Zehnder (division of amplitude) Michelson Fringe localisation LIGO Fabry-Perot (FPI) Multi-layer coatings 96 Mach-Zehnder
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF LIGO Brock Wells Robert L. Olds Junior High School, Connell, WA August 2001 LIGO
AN OVERVIEW OF LIGO Brock Wells Robert L. Olds Junior High School, Connell, WA August 2001 The purpose of this guide is to provide background about the LIGO project at the Hanford site. Hopefully this
More informationRelativity. Physics April 2002 Lecture 8. Einstein at 112 Mercer St. 11 Apr 02 Physics 102 Lecture 8 1
Relativity Physics 102 11 April 2002 Lecture 8 Einstein at 112 Mercer St. 11 Apr 02 Physics 102 Lecture 8 1 Physics around 1900 Newtonian Mechanics Kinetic theory and thermodynamics Maxwell s equations
More informationPhysics 122 Class #11 Outline. Announcements Coulomb's Law Interferometer Interference Single slit Huyghens principle
Physics 1 Class #11 Outline Announcements Coulomb's Law Interferometer Interference Single slit Huyghens principle Reading This Week ALL of Chapter 5 It is key to rest of course. Next Week Chapter 6 Main
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
More information25 LIGHT INTERFERENCE
Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Physics Physics Laboratory I P Politechnika Warszawska Andrzej Kubiaczyk Wydział Fizyki Laboratorium Fizyki I 5 LIGHT INTERFERENCE NEWTON S ZJAWISKO RINGS, MICHELSON
More informationSearching for gravitational waves
Searching for gravitational waves What are gravitational waves? Let us imagine that we are observing a star that rotates around a supermassive black hole (whose mass is millions of times that of the Sun).
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. A blackbody emits all of its radiation
More informationMichelson Interferometer
Michelson Interferometer Farooq Hassan Roll no: 2012-10-0101 LUMS School of Science and Engineering November 13, 2010 1 Abstract Michelson Interferometer was first used in the classic experiment in 1887
More informationB.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F)
B.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F) Note : Attempt FIVE questions in all taking least two questions from each Part. All questions carry equal marks Part-A Q. 1. (a) What are Newton's
More informationPH 222-3A Spring 2010
PH -3A Spring 010 Interference Lecture 6-7 Chapter 35 (Halliday/Resnick/Walker, Fundamentals of Physics 8 th edition) 1 Chapter 35 Interference The concept of optical interference is critical to understanding
More informationNature of Light Part 2
Nature of Light Part 2 Fresnel Coefficients From Helmholts equation see imaging conditions for Single lens 4F system Diffraction ranges Rayleigh Range Diffraction limited resolution Interference Newton
More informationCHAPTER 10. Knowledge
CHAPTER 10 Review K/U Knowledge/Understanding T/I Thinking/Investigation C Communication A Application Knowledge For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 1. A light wave travels
More informationThe Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of the new gravitational wave era
The Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of the new gravitational wave era Lisa Barsotti MIT Kavli Institute LIGO Laboratory on behalf of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration LIGO Document G1600324 LIGO
More informationThe science of light. P. Ewart
The science of light P. Ewart Oxford Physics: Second Year, Optics Parallel reflecting surfaces t images source Extended source path difference xcos 2t=x Fringes localized at infinity Circular fringe constant
More informationAdvanced LIGO, Advanced VIRGO and KAGRA: Precision Measurement for Astronomy. Stefan Ballmer For the LVC Miami 2012 Dec 18, 2012 LIGO-G
Advanced LIGO, Advanced VIRGO and KAGRA: Precision Measurement for Astronomy Stefan Ballmer For the LVC Miami 2012 Dec 18, 2012 LIGO-G1201293 Outline Introduction: What are Gravitational Waves? The brief
More informationCollege Physics 10th edition
College Physics 10th edition Raymond A. Serway and Chris Vuille Publisher: Cengage Learning Table of Contents PHY101 covers chapters 1-8 PHY102 covers chapters 9-25 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1: Standards
More informationGravitational Waves & Precision Measurements
Gravitational Waves & Precision Measurements Mike Smith 1 -20 2 HOW SMALL IS THAT? Einstein 1 meter 1/1,000,000 3 1,000,000 smaller Wavelength of light 10-6 meters 1/10,000 4 10,000 smaller Atom 10-10
More informationand the radiation from source 2 has the form. The vector r points from the origin to the point P. What will the net electric field be at point P?
Physics 3 Interference and Interferometry Page 1 of 6 Interference Imagine that we have two or more waves that interact at a single point. At that point, we are concerned with the interaction of those
More informationPrac%ce Quiz 8. These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar.
Prac%ce Quiz 8 These are Q s from old quizzes. I do not guarantee that the Q s on this year s quiz will be the same, or even similar. A laser beam shines vertically upwards. What laser power is needed
More informationLIGO Status and Advanced LIGO Plans. Barry C Barish OSTP 1-Dec-04
LIGO Status and Advanced LIGO Plans Barry C Barish OSTP 1-Dec-04 Science Goals Physics» Direct verification of the most relativistic prediction of general relativity» Detailed tests of properties of gravitational
More informationCracking the Mysteries of the Universe. Dr Janie K. Hoormann University of Queensland
Cracking the Mysteries of the Universe Dr Janie K. Hoormann University of Queensland Timeline of Cosmological Discoveries 16c BCE: flat earth 5-11c CE: Sun at the centre 1837: Bessel et al. measure distance
More informationGRAVITATIONAL WAVES MOHAMMAD ISHTIAQ
GRAVITATIONAL WAVES MOHAMMAD ISHTIAQ Introduction It all started with Einstein s theory of general relativity What is Einstein s theory of general relativity? Theory which predicted that objects cause
More informationFig. 8.1 illustrates the three measurements. air medium A. ray 1. air medium A. ray 2. air medium A. ray 3. Fig For Examiner s Use
9 9 9 14 8 In an optics lesson, a Physics student traces the paths of three s of light near the boundary between medium A and. The student uses a protractor to measure the various angles. Fig. 8.1 illustrates
More informationFIRST YEAR PHYSICS. Unit 4: Light II
FIRST YEAR PHYSICS Unit 4: Light II Contents PHASORS...3 RESOLUTION OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS...5 Rayleigh s criterion... 7 MORE ON DIFFRACTION...11 Multiple slits:... 11 Diffraction gratings... 14 X-RAY
More informationJF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity
JF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity 12 Lectures (plus problem classes) Prof. James Lunney Room: SMIAM 1.23, jlunney@tcd.ie Books Special Relativity French University Physics Young and Freedman
More informationto calculate gravitational force. d - Know how changes in mass or distance affect the gravitational force between two objects.
PHYSICS 2 ND SEMESTER REVIEW Semester Test Notes: - You may use a 5 x 8 index card (NO LARGER) with equations, diagrams, and notes. - Your index card will be turned in with your test. - Most constants
More informationASTR 200 : Lecture 31. More Gravity: Tides, GR, and Gravitational Waves
ASTR 200 : Lecture 31 More Gravity: Tides, GR, and Gravitational Waves 1 Topic One : Tides Differential tidal forces on the Earth. 2 How do tides work???? Think about 3 billiard balls sitting in space
More information