The Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Science Education Partnership. GAVRT Students Partner With Scientists to Collect Planetary Data

Transcription

1 The Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) Science Education Partnership GAVRT Students Partner With Scientists to Collect Planetary Data

2 The Evolution of GAVRT Teachers Scientists Students NASA / JPL LCER

3 GAVRT and YoU! and YoU FROM SPACE GAVRT Telescope Goldstone, CA K-12 Classroom Anywhere, USA Lewis Center Global Ops Center Apple Valley, CA

4 Look where GAVRT s been! Science Scope, Nov / Dec 2000 Issue. There is an article about the Cassini flyby of Jupiter in fall of 2000 and winter 2001 and GAVRT s involvement with students observing. Nov / Dec 2000 People Magazine: A feature on teachers and students Goldstone with DSS-12 in the background. November 8, February 2002 We made the cover of Nature magazine! The article is titled Ultrarelativistic electrons in Jupiter s radiation belts and authored by many NASA scientists at JPL and directors at LCER. It reports the ground-based observations that Jupiter had shown in both thermal atmospheric emission and synchrotron emissions (in Jupiter s magnetic field). May 2003 Science Scope, May 2003: Reports the findings of scientific efficacy, the student s feelings of power as it relates to the principles, practices, and methods of science. Preliminary research indicates students who participate in GAVRT have a greater overall feeling of success about their ability to think, work, and act.

5 Correlation to Standards Each teacher receives a correlation matrix of the lessons included in Jupiter Quest for his or her state standards. This document is used to plan individual curriculum units for each teacher during training. Jupiter Quest Science Lessons (in order of presentation in manual) Grade 8 Focus on Physical Science Motion 1a. Students know position is defined relative to some choice of standard reference point and a set of reference directions. 1b. Students know average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed. The speed of an object along the path traveled can vary. 1c. Students know how to solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed. 1d. Students know to describe the velocity of an object one must specify both direction and speed. 1e. Students know changes in velocity can be changes in speed, direction, or both. 1f. Students know how to interpret graphs of position versus time and speed versus time for motion in a single direction. Forces 2a. Students know a force has both direction and magnitude. 2b. Students know when an object is subject to two or more forces at once, the effect is the cumulative effect of all the forces. 2c. Students know when the forces on an object are balanced, the motion of the object does not change. two or more forces acting on a single static object, including gravity, elastic forces due to tension or compression in matter, and friction. 2e. Students know when the forces on an object are unbalanced the object will change its motion (that is, it will speed up, slow down, or change direction). 2f. Students know the greater the mass of an object the more force is needed to achieve the same change in motion. 2g. Students know the role of gravity in forming and maintaining planets, stars and the solar system. Structure of Matter 3a. Students know the structure of the atom and how it is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. Jupiter Quest - The Formal Mission Phase One Jupiter Quest - The Formal Mission Phase Two PS1 - Goldie, The Goldstone Gopher s Any Given Sundae PS2 - Collecting Radio Waves with Students LS1 - Planning & Serving Food LA1a - Goldie's Hackey Sack Wavelength Buddies PS3 - Goldie s Slinky Wavelengths PS4 - Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope Project ES1 - Storms of Jupiter MA1 - Telescope FA1 - All I Want Is A Radio Telescope! PS5 Goldie, The Goldstone Gopher s Sorting Wavelengths PS6 Magnetic Lines of Force PS7 Fun and Games PS8 Alka Rockets PS9 The Space Place ES2 Latitude and Longitude LS2 Ripening of Fruits and Vegetables LS3 Food Selection MA2 Measuring the Size of the Radio Telescope LA1 Advertising MA3 Universal Time MA4 UTC PS10 Producing Radio Waves, Goldie s Bucket of Noise PS11 Explore the Universe! 1 PS12 Scaling the Spectrum PS13 Puzzle Path PS14 Online from Jupiter PS15 Radio Frequencies PS16 Glue Stick Sunset PS17 Blast Off! PS18 Digital Images ES3 Why is the Sky Blue? Example: California 8 th grade science standards

6 The GAVRT Program The Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER) owns a decommissioned Goldstone tracking antenna (DSS-12) that is used in the GAVRT Program. American students in classrooms all over the world control the telescope via the Internet cm Jupiter Patrol Goldstone & GAVRT Data au [Jansky] Comet SL9 Impacts July 1994 Cassini Maps Jupiter at 2.2 cm Students collect scientific data that are used by professional scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and around the world DSN 34&70m GAVRT Gal.Lat.< 12 deg

7 Imagine this is all we could see of the universe in the visible light wavelength!

8 We would not have an accurate picture of what was out there!

9 Radio waves span a large range from under 1mm to hundreds of meters

10 How GAVRT s s Radio Telescope collects radio emission from space Subreflector Incoming Radio Waves Dichroic Plate X-band feed horn S-band feed horn

11 CURRENT CURRICULUM PROJECTS JUPITER QUEST URANUS Cassini at Saturn QUASAR VARIABILITY STUDY (QVS)

12 Jupiter Taken by Cassini December 4, 2000

13 During the Cassini Millennium Flyby, a Team of Scientists and Students Measured Jupiter s Microwave Radio Emission at Several Frequencies CASSINI Radar Receiver passively mapped 13. 8GHz synchrotron emission from Jupiter s radiation belts for the first time at short radio wavelengths (~2.2-cm) GAVRT Students observed Jupiter using groundbased radio telescopes at Goldstone to: Monitor temporal variations of synchrotron emission from the radiation belts at 13-cm Calibrate the Cassini Radar Receiver at 13.8 GHz to improve passive mapping of thermal microwave emission from Titan and Saturn The VLA was used to produce maps at 20-cm and 90-cm wavelengths to study lower energy spectrum of synchrotron emission during the Flyby.

14 STUDENTS MEASURE JUPITER s BRIGHTNESS AT TWO MICROWAVE RADIO FREQUENCIES 1485 MJK

15 Jupiter s s Flux Density Has a Long History of Time Variations cm Jupiter Patrol Goldstone & GAVRT Data au [Jansky] Comet SL9 Impacts July 1994 Cassini Maps Jupiter at 2.2 cm Fig. 1 DSN 34&70m GAVRT Gal.Lat.< 12 deg DSN 70m

16 Jupiter During Amalthea Flyby and Superior Conjunction au [Jansky] Jupiter Close to the Sun Galileo Encounter with Amalthea Jupiter Close to the Sun DSN 34m GAVRT DSN 70m Fig. 2

17 GAVRT Special Mission Projects: Uranus Campaigns GAVRT students began observations of Uranus during the months of July-October 2002! GAVRT has been collaborating with The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Very Large Array(VLA), NASA s Infrared telescope Facility, and optical observatories including W.M.Keck and Lowell, to study detectable changes in Uranus atmosphere as it approaches a 2007 equinox. Working with our team of GAVRT scientists from the HST and JPL, we have developed curriculum with a focus on the extreme seasons and atmospheric dynamics of Uranus. As with our Cassini-JMOC Project, the data provided by the teachers and students will be used by scientists to address important scientific issues related to Uranus. Uranus from the Hubble Space Telescope in Image courtesy of NASA, Karkoschka (Univ. of Arizona), Hammel (SSI), and STScI Uranus with the Keck 10-m October 2003, H. Hammel Uranus with the VLA, July 2003, M. Hofstadter and B. Butler

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20 Single-Dish Data (GAVRT( in Red)

21 GAVRT Students Observe Saturn With Radio Eyes! The amount of radiation from Saturn that can be observed with GAVRT s DSS-12 radio telescope depends on Saturn s temperature, how far away it is, the angle at which the rings are shadowing the planet and reflecting radiation, and the chemical composition of the rings and the planetary atmosphere.

22 The GAVRT Project was selected as the Education and Public Outreach(EPO) partner to develop Measuring the Radio Brightness of Jupiter This provides the basis for new JUNO curriculum products that enable students to learn the scientific method through 1) formulating inquiries 2) taking measurements and collecting data 3) Analysis of scientific data 1. Products are Introductory Materials for online usage 2. Intermediate level materials through teacher training and miniworkshops 3. Advanced level materials requiring a week-long training program

23 The GLAST(Gamma Ray Large Array Telescope) Mission is the next Great Observatory planned for launch. It will measure the fastest, highest frequency energy emissions-gamma rays. GAVRT has been submitted in an NSF proposal to measure these sources from the ground using the Owens Valley 40-m radio telescope. The Spitzer Space Telescope is the third of NASA s planned Great Observatories. It was launched in GAVRT is working with Spitzer in developing a multi-wavelength approach to studying the universe at infrared and radio wavelengths.

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25 Supermassive Black Holes are the engines powering quasars!

26 Interstellar scintillator (Jauncey) low galactic latitude.

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30 Standards-Based Alignment DSS-28 Implementation PDCR February 15, 2006 DCM -30

31 One Example of the Educational Development DSS-28 Curriculum Development Process Identify Standard Trend: S7: Earth & Space Sciences Identify Essential Standard: S7c: Compare the Sun to other stars and galaxies Identify Benchmarks to be Assessed Benchmark 1: How stars are different from each other Lesson Ideas for Benchmark 1: Star life cycle Classifying stars Spectrograph H R Diagram Electromagnetic Waves ( light ) Characteristics of a Star Solar Wind Sun Spots Benchmark 2: Commonly used Astronomical distances Develop Framework: use grade specific vocabulary, addresses a specific benchmark and incorporate lesson ideas that use action words like compare and contrast, identify, and research Lesson Ideas for Benchmark 2: Astronomical Unit Light Year Math Lessons how long for light to travel Parallax Parsec Hour angle Benchmark 3: Sun, it s place in the galaxy and comparisons of galaxies in the Universe Lesson Ideas for Benchmark 3: Solar system formation Big Bang Theory Spectroscopy Red/Blue Shift Galaxy Classification DSS-28 Implementation PDCR February 15, 2006 DCM -31

32 Jupiter Shown With a Field of Confusion Sources in the Background 12.5 and Background Sources Jupiter 1-Sep-03 through 30-Sep Sep HPBW S-Band C [HB89] Sep Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 6-Oct Oct Oct 16-Oct NVSS_h 20-Oct 22-Oct 23-Oct Fig Right Jupiter Strong Background Weak Background Orbital Path

33 Jupiter Data File Nov 30 Following Discovery of of the Unusual Number of Background Sources That Jupiter Passed in July-Oct 2003 and the Addition of Newly Processed 70-m m Data with CHANGE OF SCALE (Xaxis( Xaxis) cm Jupiter Patrol (Goldstone & GAVRT 4.5 au [Jansky] Cassini Maps Jupiter at 2.2 cm Galileo Encounter with Amalthea Galileo Dives into Jupiter Fig. 4 DSN 34m GAVRT DSN 70m Sup Conj

34 For more information on GAVRT Visit our web sites at: For more detailed information contact: Mana Rd. Apple Valley, CA Phone: (760) ext. 262

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