Mobile and Wireless Networks Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali
|
|
- Marshall Hunter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Mobile and Wireless Networks Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali
2 Satellite Communication
3 INTRODUCTION
4 INTRODUCTION Communication satellite are off-course only one means of telecommunication transmission. The traditional means include copper wire and microwave point- to-point links. Newer techniques involves use of optics either point-to-point infrared or fiber optics. Point-to-point radio system such as short wave radio may also be used.
5 Why Satellite??
6 INTRODUCTION Inter- continent communication is difficult by using the guided mediums. The same feature enables satellites to provide communications links to remote communities in sparsely populated areas that are difficult to access by other means.
7 INTRODUCTION Very large areas of the earth are visible from a satellite, the satellite can form the star point of a communications net, simultaneously linking many users who may be widely separated geographically.
8 INTRODUCTION The information transferred most often correspondence to voice (telephone), video (Television) and digital data.
9 Satellite Disadvantages??
10 DISADVANTAGES OF SATELLITES COMMUNICATION Launching satellites into orbit is costly. There is a larger propagation delay in satellite communication than in terrestrial communication.
11 What is Satellite??
12 INTRODUCTION A communication satellite is basically an electronic communication package placed in orbit whose prime objective is to initiate or assist through space.
13 INTRODUCTION Satellite contains several transponders which listens to some portion of spectrum, amplifies the incoming signal and broadcasts it in another frequency to avoid interference with incoming signals.
14 INTRODUCTION
15 ELEMENTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS The basic elements of a communication satellite service are divided between; Space Segment Ground Segment
16 ELEMENTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS The space segment consist of the spacecraft & launch mechanism. Ground segment comprises the earth station and network control center of entire satellite system.
17 INTRODUCTION ECHO 1 TELSTAR
18 INTRODUCTION SYNCOM 2 Asiasat 2
19 EXAMPLES OF SATELLITE RADIO SERVICES Fixed Satellite Service Mobile Satellite Service Broadcast Satellite Service Radio Navigation Sat. Serv. Radio location Sat. Service Space Operation Service Earth observation Sat. Serv.... FSS MSS BSS RNSS RSS SOS ESS In total more than 18 radio services
20 SATELLITE OPERATING FREQUENCY BANDS
21 APPLICATIONS Communication (truncking call) Teleconference TV Broadcasting Data communication Weather telecast Navigation GPS Security/Calamity monitoring
22 Orbital Mechanics
23 THE ORIGIN OF SATELLITE The concept of using object in space to reflect signals for communication was proved by Naval Research Lab in Washington D.C. when it use the Moon to establish a very low data rate link between Washington and Hawaii in late 1940 s. Russian started the Space age by successfully launching SPUTNIK the first artificial spacecraft to orbit the earth, which transmitted telemetry information for 21 days in Oct
24 THE ORIGIN OF SATELLITE The American followed by launching an experimental satellite EXPLORER In In 1960 two satellite were deployed Echo & Courier In 1963 first GEO Syncom. The first commercial GEO (Intelsat & Molnya) in 1965 these provides video (Television) and voice (Telephone) for their audience
25 ORBITAL MECHANICS Satellite technology has progressed tremendously,since Arthur C. Clarke first proposed its idea in 1945 in his article in Wireless World. When Clarke wrote, there were no satellite in orbit nor rockets were powerful enough to launch them. After 20 years, his idea was proven, when early bird was launched. It cost roughly $ 25,000 per kg to get a geostationary satellite in orbit.
26 KU- BAND SATELLITE IN GEO
27 MAJOR PROBLEMS FOR SATELLITE Positioning in orbit in-term of Frequency & Orbit Selection Stability Power Harsh environment Interference Problem High initial investment New investment require in Ground Segment Short life time Spectrum crowding Regulatory aspects (landing rights etc.) Launch vehicle reliability
28 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
29 TYPES OF SATELLITE ORBITS Based on the inclination, i, over the equatorial plane: Equatorial Orbits above Earth s equator (i=0 ) Polar Orbits pass over both poles (i=90 ) Other orbits called inclined orbits (0 <i<90 ) Based on Eccentricity Circular with centre at the earth s centre Elliptical with one foci at earth s centre
30 TYPE OF ORBITS LEOs - Low Earth Orbit MEOs - Medium Earth Orbit GEO - Geostationary Earth Orbit
31 GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT (GEO) Originally proposed by Arthur C. Clarke Circular orbits above the equator
32 GEO Orbital height above the earth about miles/ km Round trip time to satellite about 0.24 seconds
33 GEO GEO satellites require more power for communications The signal to noise ratio for GEOs is worse because of the distances involved A few GEOs can cover most of the surface of the earth Note that polar regions cannot be seen by GEOs
34 GEO Since they appear stationary, GEOs do not require tracking GEOs are good for broadcasting to wide areas
35 GEO Angular separation about 2 degrees - allows 180 satellites
36 THE VIEW FROM 36,000KM
37 SOME GEO S ABOVE US Optus AsiaSat PAS Intelsat Inmarsat Palapa
38 LEO Low Earth Orbit 200-3,000 km High orbit speed Many satellites Predominately mobile Iridium, Globalstar (space shuttle orbit)
39 MEO Medium Earth Orbit 6,000 12,000km About 12 satellites Voice and mobile ICO (Odyssey), Orbcomm, Ellipso
40 WHY SATELLITE REMAINS IN THE ORBIT
41 SATELLITE ORBITS AND PERIODS
42 SATELLITE ORBITS
43 ASSIGNMENT # 2 Why Modulation?? Why do we use Decibel in Telecommunication?? Difference between the optical and radio horizon?? What is Multi-level signalling???
44 Kepler s Laws
45 KEPLER S LAWS LAW 1: The orbit of a planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun's center of mass at one focus (1609) LAW 2: A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time (1609) LAW 3: The squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their semi-major axes (1619)
46 MAJOR AND MINOR AXIS
47 KEPLER S FIRST LAW Kepler s first law states that the path followed by a satellite around the primary will be an ellipse. An ellipse has two focal points shown as F1 and F2.
48 KEPLER S FIRST LAW The center of mass of the two-body system, termed the barycenter, is always centered on one of the foci. Because of the enormous difference between the masses of the earth and the satellite, the center of mass coincides with the center of the earth, which is therefore always at one of the foci.
49 KEPLER S FIRST LAW The semi-major axis of the ellipse is denoted by a, and the semi-minor axis, by b. The eccentricity e is given by: For an elliptical orbit, 0 < e < 1. When e= 0, the orbit becomes circular. Earth s orbit has an eccentricity of (nearly circular)
50 KEPLER S SECOND LAW Kepler s second law states that, for equal time intervals, a satellite will sweep out equal areas in its orbital plane, focused at the barycenter.
51 KEPLER S SECOND LAW Assuming the satellite travels distances S1 and S2 meters in 1 s, then the areas A1 and A2 will be equal.
52 KEPLER S SECOND LAW The average velocity in each case is S1 and S2 m/s, and because of the equal area law, it follows that the velocity at S2 is less than that at S1.
53 KEPLER S SECOND LAW
54 APOGEE AND PERIGEE Satellites go faster at Perigee than at Apogee. Apogee: A point for a satellite farthest from the Earth. Perigee: A point for a satellite closest from the Earth.
55 KEPLER S THIRD LAW Kepler s third law states that the square of the periodic time of revolution of the smaller body about the larger body equals a constant multiplied by the third power of the semi major axis of the orbital ellipse. Kepler's third law of orbital motion gives us a precise relationship between the speed of the satellite and its distance from the earth.
56 KEPLER S THIRD LAW Satellites in circular orbits travel at a constant speed. Simple. We just specify that speed, and we're done. Satellites in non-circular (i.e., eccentricity > 0) orbits move faster when they are closer to the earth, and slower when they are farther away.
57 KEPLER S THIRD LAW The common practice is to average the speed. You could call this number "average speed", but astronomers call it the "Mean Motion. Mean Motion is usually given in units of revolutions per day.
58 NUMERICAL The earth rotates once per sidereal day of 23 h 56 min 4.09 s. Show that the radius of the GEO is 42, km.
59 NUMERICAL The Space Shuttle is an example of a low earth orbit satellite. Sometimes, it orbits at an altitude of 250 km above the earth s surface, where there is still a finite number of molecules from the atmosphere. The mean earth s radius is approximately km. Using these figures, calculate the period of the shuttle orbit when the altitude is 250km and the orbit is circular. Find also the linear velocity of the shuttle along its orbit.
60 WHAT IS A SATELLITE? A celestial body In astronomical term, e.g. Moon A space vehicle launched by humans and orbits the earth or another celestial body In aerospace terms Communication Satellite provides communication and other services to variety of consumers It is a microwave repeater in the sky A satellite radio repeater is called a transponder A satellite may have one to many transponders
61 WHAT IS A SATELLITE SYSTEMS? A Satellite System may consist of : one or more satellite space vehicles, a ground based control earth station, and a network of user earth stations that provides the interface facilities for the transmission and reception of terrestrial communications traffic through the satellite systems.
62 WHAT IS A SATELLITE SYSTEMS? Transmissions to and from the satellites are categorized as either bus or payload. The payload is the actual user information conveyed through the system. The bus includes control mechanisms that support the payload operation.
63 TYPES OF SATELLITES Passive Satellites Active Satellites
64 PASSIVE SATELLITES Simplest type of satellite is a passive reflector It simply bounces signals from one place to another. It reflects signals back to earth as there are no gain devices on board to amplify or modify the signals. The passive satellites used in the early years of satellite communications were both artificial as well as natural. Moon became the first passive satellite in 1954 when the U.S Navy successfully transmitted the first message over an Earth-to-moon-to-Earth communication system.
65 PASSIVE SATELLITES But moon proved to be unreliable communication satellite as it is above the horizon only half of the time and its position relative to earth is constantly changing. Radio beacon transmitters are required for tracking and ranging purposes. Beacon are used so that an earth station can lock on to and use to determine the exact location of a satellite so the earth station can align its antennas.
66 ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE SATELLITE The first artificial passive satellite Echo-I of NASA was launched in August Echo-I was 100-ft. diameter inflatable plastic balloon with aluminum coating that reflected radio signals transmitted from huge earth station antennas.
67 ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE SATELLITE Echo-I had an orbital height of 1000 miles. Earth Stations across US and Europe picked up the signal and contributed a lot in motivating research in communication satellite.
68 DISADVANTAGE OF PASSIVE SATELLITE Moon proved to be unreliable communication satellite as it is above the horizon only half of the time and its position relative to earth is constantly changing. Earth Stations required high power (10 kw) to transmit signals strong enough to produce an adequate return echo. Large Earth Stations with tracking facilities were expensive.
69 DISADVANTAGE OF PASSIVE SATELLITE Control of satellites not possible from ground. As little as 1 part in every 10 x 18 of an earth station s transmitted power is actually returned to earth station receiving antennas. A global system would have required a large number of passive satellites accessed randomly by different users.
70 ACTIVE SATELLITES It is capable of receiving, amplifying, reshaping, regenerating and retransmitting the information. Has sophisticated electronic equipment on-board.
71 ACTIVE SATELLITES Advantages of active satellites are: Require lower power earth station Directly controlled by operators from ground. Disadvantages of active satellites are: Disruption of service due to failure of electronics components on-board the satellites Requirement of on-board power supply Requirement of larger and powerful rockets to launch heavier satellites in orbit
CHAPTER 25 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS # DEFINITIONS TERMS. Satellite. 1) A celestial body that orbits around a planet.
CHAPTER 25 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS # DEFINITIONS TERMS 1) A celestial body that orbits around a planet. Satellite 2) Man-made satellites that orbit earth, providing a multitude of communication functions
More informationAdvanced Electronic Communication Systems. Lecture 4. Satellite Orbits (2) Dr.Eng. Basem ElHalawany
Advanced Electronic Communication Systems Lecture 4 Satellite Orbits (2) Dr.Eng. Basem ElHalawany Orbital (nonsynchronous) Satellites (cont.) Posigrade orbit or Prograde: If the satellite is orbiting in
More informationComparative Study of LEO, MEO & GEO Satellites
Comparative Study of LEO, MEO & GEO Satellites Smridhi Malhotra, Vinesh Sangwan, Sarita Rani Department of ECE, Dronacharya College of engineering, Khentawas, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon-123506, India Email:
More informationOrbital Satellite: 4) Non synchronous satellites have to be used when available,which may be little 15 minutes
Orbital Satellite: 1) Most of the satellites are orbital satellites and also called as Nonsynchronous Satellites. 2) Nonsynchronous Satellites are rotate around the earth in an elliptical or in circular
More informationSatellite communications and the environment of space. V 1.1 Swiss Space Summer Camp 2016 Images: NASA 1
Satellite communications and the environment of space Swiss Space Summer Camp 2016 Images: NASA 1 Can you name these satellites? Sputnik The first man made satellite Launched in 1957 by The USSR Mass 84kg,
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R S * Terms and definitions relating to space radiocommunications
Rec. ITU-R S.673-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.673-2 * Terms and definitions relating to space radiocommunications (Question ITU-R 209/4) (1990-2001-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering
More information(ii) We have already found out the velocity of the satellite in orbit in part (i) (using equation (2.5)) to be km/s
Chapter 2 Questions and Solutions Question 1. Explain what the terms centrifugal and centripetal mean with regard to a satellite in orbit around the earth. A satellite is in a circular orbit around the
More informationCreating Satellite Orbits
Exercises using Satellite ToolKit (STK) vivarad@ait.ac.th Creating Satellite Orbits 1. What You Will Do Create a low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite Create a medium-earth orbit (MEO) satellite Create a highly
More informationChapter 2: Orbits and Launching Methods
9/20/ Chapter 2: Orbits and Launching Methods Prepared by Dr. Mohammed Taha El Astal EELE 6335 Telecom. System Part I: Satellite Communic ations Winter Content Kepler s First, Second, and Third Law Definitions
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE-TRICHY QUESTION BANK UNIT I PART A
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE-TRICHY QUESTION BANK SATELLITE COMMUNICATION DEPT./SEM.:ECE/VIII UNIT I PART A 1.What are the different applications of satellite systems? *Largest International System(Intel
More informationSatellite Communications
EEG 470 Satellite Communications D M h ba M d Dr. Mohab A. Mangoud Associate Professor in Wireless Communications Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of Engineering, University
More informationLearning Lab Seeing the World through Satellites Eyes
Learning Lab Seeing the World through Satellites Eyes ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is a satellite? Lesson Overview: Engage students will share their prior knowledge about satellites and explore what satellites
More informationIntroduction to Satellite Orbits
Introduction to Satellite Orbits Dinesh Manandhar Center for Spatial Information Science The University of Tokyo Contact Information: dinesh@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp Slide : 1 Basics of Satellite Orbits The speed
More informationOctober 19, NOTES Solar System Data Table.notebook. Which page in the ESRT???? million km million. average.
Celestial Object: Naturally occurring object that exists in space. NOT spacecraft or man-made satellites Which page in the ESRT???? Mean = average Units = million km How can we find this using the Solar
More informationSatellite Communications
Satellite Communications Lecture (3) Chapter 2.1 1 Gravitational Force Newton s 2nd Law: r r F = m a Newton s Law Of Universal Gravitation (assuming point masses or spheres): Putting these together: r
More informationExplain how it is possible for the gravitational force to cause the satellite to accelerate while its speed remains constant.
YEAR 12 PHYSICS: GRAVITATION PAST EXAM QUESTIONS Name: QUESTION 1 (1995 EXAM) (a) State Newton s Universal Law of Gravitation in words (b) A satellite of mass (m) moves in orbit of a planet with mass (M).
More informationExperimental Analysis of Low Earth Orbit Satellites due to Atmospheric Perturbations
Experimental Analysis of Low Earth Orbit Satellites due to Atmospheric Perturbations Aman Saluja #1, Manish Bansal #2, M Raja #3, Mohd Maaz #4 #Aerospace Department, University of Petroleum and Energy
More information8.11 Satellites. Figure 1 Artifi cial satellites provide valuable monitoring and communication services for humankind.
8.11 Satellites As you know, Earth has one natural satellite orbiting it the Moon. Earth also has thousands of other satellites circling it at different altitudes and orbits, but these are all made by
More informationINTRODUCTION: Ptolemy geo-centric theory Nicolas Copernicus Helio-centric theory TychoBrahe Johannes Kepler
INTRODUCTION: Ptolemy in second century gave geo-centric theory of planetary motion in which the Earth is considered stationary at the centre of the universe and all the stars and the planets including
More informationSpace Environment & Technology Space Policy and Law Course 2018
Space Environment & Technology Space Policy and Law Course 2018 Professor Alan Smith Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London 15 October 2018 Orbits and Space The Space Environment The
More informationAS3010: Introduction to Space Technology
AS3010: Introduction to Space Technology L E C T U R E 6 Part B, Lecture 6 17 March, 2017 C O N T E N T S In this lecture, we will look at various existing satellite tracking techniques. Recall that we
More informationWhat is scan? Answer key. Space Communications and Navigation Program. Entering the Decade of Light.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration SCaN Fun Pad www.nasa.gov NP-2018-02-047-GRC 30 1 What is scan? Answer key Page 22 Find the Mars Rover: Space Communications and Navigation Program The Space
More informationFundamentals of Satellite technology
Fundamentals of Satellite technology Prepared by A.Kaviyarasu Assistant Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute Of Technology Chromepet, Chennai Orbital Plane All of the planets,
More informationTools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy
Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy The light that comes to Earth from distant objects is the best tool that astronomers can use to learn about the universe. In most cases, there is no other way to study
More informationSurveying Prof. Bharat Lohani Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Surveying Prof. Bharat Lohani Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module - 12 Lecture - 1 Global Positioning System (Refer Slide Time: 00:20) Welcome to this video lecture
More informationHow does the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe fit into our understanding of the cosmos?
Remember to check the links for videos! How does the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe fit into our understanding of the cosmos? Universe ~ 13.7 bya First Stars ~ 13.3 bya First Galaxies ~ 12.7
More informationESSE Payload Design. 1.2 Introduction to Space Missions
ESSE4360 - Payload Design 1.2 Introduction to Space Missions Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering Room 255, Petrie Science and Engineering Building Tel: 416-736
More informationSatellite meteorology
GPHS 422 Satellite meteorology GPHS 422 Satellite meteorology Lecture 1 6 July 2012 Course outline 2012 2 Course outline 2012 - continued 10:00 to 12:00 3 Course outline 2012 - continued 4 Some reading
More informationAvailable online at International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 07, pp , July, 2017
z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 07, pp.54547-54551, July, 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH
More informationOrbital Mechanics. CTLA Earth & Environmental Science
Orbital Mechanics CTLA Earth & Environmental Science The Earth Spherical body that is flattened near the poles due to centrifugal force (rotation of the Earth) 40,074 KM across at the Equator 40,0007 KM
More informationSATELLITE COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Ref Book D. Roddy, "Satellite Communications", 4th ed, McGraw-Hill,. Bruce R. Elbert, The Satellite Communication Applications Handbook, Author: Artech House Publishers T. S. Rappaport,
More informationGravitation. Makes the World Go Round
Gravitation Makes the World Go Round Gravitational Force The Force of gravity is an attractive force felt between all objects that have mass. G=6.67x10-11 N m 2 /kg 2 Example 1: What is the Force of Gravity
More informationGravity and the Orbits of Planets
Gravity and the Orbits of Planets 1. Gravity Galileo Newton Earth s Gravity Mass v. Weight Einstein and General Relativity Round and irregular shaped objects 2. Orbits and Kepler s Laws ESO Galileo, Gravity,
More informationChapter 14 Satellite Motion
1 Academic Physics Mechanics Chapter 14 Satellite Motion The Mechanical Universe Kepler's Three Laws (Episode 21) The Kepler Problem (Episode 22) Energy and Eccentricity (Episode 23) Navigating in Space
More informationRadial Acceleration. recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential to the trajectory
Radial Acceleration recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential to the trajectory 1 Radial Acceleration recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential
More informationAbsolute Radiometric Calibration Using a Solar Reflector in Near-Geosynchronous Orbit
Absolute Radiometric Calibration Using a Solar Reflector in Near-Geosynchronous Orbit Richard J. Rudy, Ray W. Russell, Dan J. Mabry, Andrea M. Gilbert, Paul V. Anderson, David J. Gutierrez (The Aerospace
More informationQ1. (a) Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field (2)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 Q1. (a) Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field............. Use the following data to calculate the gravitational potential
More informationCelestial Mechanics and Satellite Orbits
Celestial Mechanics and Satellite Orbits Introduction to Space 2017 Slides: Jaan Praks, Hannu Koskinen, Zainab Saleem Lecture: Jaan Praks Assignment Draw Earth, and a satellite orbiting the Earth. Draw
More informationMODULE 2 LECTURE NOTES 1 SATELLITES AND ORBITS
MODULE 2 LECTURE NOTES 1 SATELLITES AND ORBITS 1. Introduction When a satellite is launched into the space, it moves in a well defined path around the Earth, which is called the orbit of the satellite.
More informationGravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields
Gravity Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Simulation Synchronous Rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozib_l eg75q Sun-Earth-Moon System https://vimeo.com/16015937
More informationAP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Gravitation
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Gravitation 1. Each of five satellites makes a circular orbit about an object that is much more massive than any of the satellites. The mass and orbital radius of each
More informationThe Revolution of the Moons of Jupiter
The Revolution of the Moons of Jupiter Overview: During this lab session you will make use of a CLEA (Contemporary Laboratory Experiences in Astronomy) computer program generously developed and supplied
More informationAINOA GARCÍA MARTÍ LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. Bachelor of Science thesis
AINOA GARCÍA MARTÍ LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Bachelor of Science thesis Examiner: D.Sc. Taneli Riihonen Examiner and topic approved by the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Computing
More informationA SIMULATION OF THE MOTION OF AN EARTH BOUND SATELLITE
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB A SIMULATION OF THE MOTION OF AN EARTH BOUND SATELLITE Download Directory: Matlab mscripts mec_satellite_gui.m The [2D] motion of a satellite around the Earth is computed from
More informationGNSS: Global Navigation Satellite Systems
GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite Systems Global: today the American GPS (Global Positioning Service), http://gps.losangeles.af.mil/index.html the Russian GLONASS, http://www.glonass-center.ru/frame_e.html
More informationAnalytical Method for Space Debris propagation under perturbations in the geostationary ring
Analytical Method for Space Debris propagation under perturbations in the geostationary ring July 21-23, 2016 Berlin, Germany 2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Satellite & Space Missions Daniel
More informationDeep Space Communication*
Deep Space Communication* Farzin Manshadi JPL Spectrum Manager September 20-21, 2012 * Based on Material provided by Dr. Les Deutsch Introduction ITU defines deep space as the volume of Space at distances
More informationEXAM #2. ANSWERS ASTR , Spring 2008
EXAM #2. ANSWERS ASTR 1101-001, Spring 2008 1. In Copernicus s heliocentric model of the universe, which of the following astronomical objects was placed in an orbit around the Earth? The Moon 2. In his
More informationEnglish. VIII Международная астрономическая олимпиада VIII International Astronomy Olympiad VIII:e Internationella Astronomiolympiaden
Theoretical round. Problems to solve Group B 1. Today is the 46th anniversary of the start of the "cosmic era". History changed on October 4, 1957, when the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik
More informationPhysics Mechanics. Lecture 29 Gravitation
1 Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 29 Gravitation Newton, following an idea suggested by Robert Hooke, hypothesized that the force of gravity acting on the planets is inversely proportional to their distances
More informationAssignment-I and Its Solution
Assignment-I and Its Solution Instructions i. Multiple choices of each questions are marked as A to D. One of the choices is unambiguously correct. Choose the most appropriate one amongst the given choices.
More informationKeplerian Elements Tutorial
Keplerian Elements Tutorial This tutorial is based on the documentation provided with InstantTrack, written by Franklin Antonio, N6NKF. Satellite Orbital Elements are numbers that tell us the orbit of
More informationKepler s Laws of Orbital Motion. Lecture 5 January 30, 2014
Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Lecture 5 January 30, 2014 Parallax If distance is measured in parsecs then d = 1 PA Where PA is the parallax angle, in arcsec NOTE: The distance from the Sun to the Earth
More information9.2 Worksheet #3 - Circular and Satellite Motion
9.2 Worksheet #3 - Circular and Satellite Motion 1. A car just becomes airborne as it comes off the crest of a bridge that has circular cross section of radius 78.0 m. What is the speed of the car? 2.
More informationArea 1: Space Exploration and Cosmology. 2. The weather information satellite NOAA-15 has a period of 99 minutes and an orbital height of 833 km.
Multiple hoice Questions 1 10 rea 1: Space xploration and osmology 1. Identify the period of a geostationary satellite. 1 hour 1 day 1 week 1 month 1 year 2. The weather information satellite NO-15 has
More informationUniverse. of Space Exploration. Future Space Missions
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Observing the Universe Early History of Space Exploration Recent and Future Space Missions NASA/Ames Wendy Stenzel How do humans observe
More informationTRACKING TECHNIQUES FOR INCUNED ORBIT SATELLITES
TRACKING TECHNIQUES FOR INCUNED ORBIT SATELLITES KHALID S. KHAN Andrew Corporation, Richardson, Tx 75081 July 10, 1990 ABSTRACT Some of the international and domestic communication satellites have been
More informationPlanetary Mechanics:
Planetary Mechanics: Satellites A satellite is an object or a body that revolves around another body due to the gravitational attraction to the greater mass. Ex: The planets are natural satellites of the
More informationHistory. Geocentric model (Ptolemy) Heliocentric model (Aristarchus of Samos)
Orbital Mechanics History Geocentric model (Ptolemy) Heliocentric model (Aristarchus of Samos) Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) In De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial
More informationTopic #13: Universal Gravitation and Satellites (Teacher)
1.13.1 The Development of the Theory of Universal Gravitation Before Newton developed the theory of universal gravitation, there were two separate notions of gravity. Terrestrial gravity was thought to
More informationName Period Date Earth and Space Science. Solar System Review
Name Period Date Earth and Space Science Solar System Review 1. is the spinning a planetary object on its axis. 2. is the backward motion of planets. 3. The is a unit less number between 0 and 1 that describes
More informationANNEX 1. DEFINITION OF ORBITAL PARAMETERS AND IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF CELESTIAL MECHANICS
ANNEX 1. DEFINITION OF ORBITAL PARAMETERS AND IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF CELESTIAL MECHANICS A1.1. Kepler s laws Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) discovered the laws of orbital motion, now called Kepler's laws.
More informationPhysics Mechanics Lecture 30 Gravitational Energy
Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 30 Gravitational Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Gravitational potential energy of an object of mass m a distance r from the Earth s center: Gravitational Potential
More informationChapter 26. Objectives. Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization
Objectives Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization Identify the visible and nonvisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum Compare refracting telescopes
More informationWeek 02. Assist. Prof. Dr. Himmet KARAMAN
Week 02 Assist. Prof. Dr. Himmet KARAMAN Contents Satellite Orbits Ephemerides GPS Review Accuracy & Usage Limitation Reference Systems GPS Services GPS Segments Satellite Positioning 2 Satellite Orbits
More informationCircular vs. Elliptical Orbits for Persistent Communications
5th Responsive Space Conference RS5-2007-2005 Circular vs. Elliptical Orbits for Persistent Communications James R. Wertz Microcosm, Inc. 5th Responsive Space Conference April 23 26, 2007 Los Angeles,
More informationFORMATION FLYING WITH SHEPHERD SATELLITES NIAC Fellows Meeting Michael LaPointe Ohio Aerospace Institute
FORMATION FLYING WITH SHEPHERD SATELLITES 2001 NIAC Fellows Meeting Michael LaPointe Ohio Aerospace Institute WHAT IS FORMATION FLYING? Two or more satellites flying in prescribed orbits at a fixed separation
More informationEpisode 403: Orbital motion
Episode 40: Orbital motion In this episode, students will learn how to combine concepts learned in the study of circular motion with Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation to understand the (circular) motion
More informationChapter 31 Maxwell s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 31 Maxwell s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Units of Chapter 31 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Ampère s Law and Displacement Current Gauss s Law for Magnetism Maxwell s
More informationa. 0.1 AU b. 10 AU c light years d light years
1 AST104 Sp2006: EXAM 1 Multiple Choice Questions: Mark the best answer choice on the bubble form. Read all answer choices before making selection. (No credit given when multiple answers are marked.) 1.
More informationLAUNCHES AND LAUNCH VEHICLES. Dr. Marwah Ahmed
LAUNCHES AND LAUNCH VEHICLES Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Video (5:06 min) : https://youtu.be/8t2eyedy7p4 Introduction Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELVs) Placing Satellite into GEO Orbit Introduction 3 Introduction
More informationName: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due on Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016
Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due on Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016 Why are celestial motions and forces important? They explain the world around us.
More informationIn the previous lecture, we discussed the basics of circular orbits. Mastering even circular orbits
In the previous lecture, we discussed the basics of circular orbits. Mastering even circular orbits provides quite a bit of intuitive behavior about the motion of spacecraft about planets. We learned that
More informationLecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System
Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws
More informationProjectile Motion. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Projectile Motion. Projectile Motion. Projectile Motion. This lecture will help you understand:
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Projectile motion is a combination of a horizontal component, and Chapter 10: PROJECTILE AND SATELLITE MOTION a vertical component. This lecture will help you understand:
More informationIf Earth had no tilt, what else would happen?
A more in depth explanation from last week: If Earth had no tilt, what else would happen? The equator would be much hotter due to the direct sunlight which would lead to a lower survival rate and little
More informationDownloaded from
Chapter 8 (Gravitation) Multiple Choice Questions Single Correct Answer Type Q1. The earth is an approximate sphere. If the interior contained matter which is not of the same density everywhere, then on
More information14.1 Earth Satellites. The path of an Earth satellite follows the curvature of the Earth.
The path of an Earth satellite follows the curvature of the Earth. A stone thrown fast enough to go a horizontal distance of 8 kilometers during the time (1 second) it takes to fall 5 meters, will orbit
More informationAST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies
AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Telescopes Mauna Kea Observatories, Big Island, HI Imaging with our Eyes pupil allows light to enter the eye lens focuses light to create an image retina detects
More informationSpeed and Acceleration Average and Instantaneous Speed
Speed and Acceleration Average and Instantaneous Speed 1. A Average B Instantaneous C Instantaneous D Instantaneous E Instantaneous F Average 2. Measure the length of the track to find the distance she
More informationConceptual Physics 11 th Edition
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Chapter 10: PROJECTILE AND SATELLITE MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Projectile Motion Fast-Moving Projectiles Satellites Circular Satellite Orbits Elliptical
More informationTHE SIZE AND SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE
1 THE SIZE AND SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE 1. Scientific notation review Write the following in proper scientific notation, giving the proper number of significant figures. 1.a Thirty-one million, seven hundred
More informationThe Heliocentric Model of Copernicus
Celestial Mechanics The Heliocentric Model of Copernicus Sun at the center and planets (including Earth) orbiting along circles. inferior planets - planets closer to Sun than Earth - Mercury, Venus superior
More informationAstronomy Section 2 Solar System Test
is really cool! 1. The diagram below shows one model of a portion of the universe. Astronomy Section 2 Solar System Test 4. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth results in the highest high
More informationQ1. (a) Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field (2)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 Q1. (a) Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field............. (2) (b) Use the following data to calculate the gravitational potential
More informationorbit 1 of 6 For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources, visit:
This website would like to remind you: Your browser (Apple Safari 4) is out of date. Update your browser for more security, comfort and the best experience on this site. Encyclopedic Entry orbit For the
More informationPHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems. Gravitation
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 13 Gravitation Newton s law of gravitation Shell theorem Variation of g Potential energy & work Escape speed Conservation of energy Kepler s laws - planets Orbits
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation. Centripetal Acceleration
Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal Acceleration Recall linear acceleration 3. Going around a curve, at constant speed 1. Speeding up vi vi Δv a ac ac vi ac 2. Slowing down v velocity and acceleration
More informationLecture 1d: Satellite Orbits
Lecture 1d: Satellite Orbits Outline 1. Newton s Laws of Motion 2. Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation 3. Kepler s Laws 4. Putting Newton and Kepler s Laws together and applying them to the Earth-satellite
More informationObservation of Light Curves of Space Objects. Hirohisa Kurosaki Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Toshifumi Yanagisawa.
Observation of Light Curves of Space Objects Hirohisa Kurosaki Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Toshifumi Yanagisawa Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Atsushi Nakajima Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
More informationName and Student ID Section Day/Time:
AY2 - Overview of the Universe - Midterm #1 - Instructor: Maria F. Duran Name and Student ID Section Day/Time: 1) Imagine we ve discovered a planet orbiting another star at 1 AU every 6 months. The planet
More information(Refer Slide Time: 3:48)
Introduction to Remote Sensing Dr. Arun K Saraf Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Lecture 01 What is Satellite based Remote Sensing Hello, hello everyone this is Arun
More informationOrbits. Objectives. Orbits and unbalanced forces. Equations 4/7/14
Orbits Objectives Describe and calculate how the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between their centers. Analyze and describe orbital circular
More informationNational 4. Dynamics and Space. Summary Notes. Name:
National 4 Dynamics and Space Summary Notes Name: Mr Downie 2014 1 Speed and Acceleration Average Speed The average speed of a moving object can be found by measuring the distance it travels and the time
More informationPW-Sat two years on orbit.
13th of February 2014 is the second anniversary of launch of the first polish student-made satellite PW-Sat. Currently Students' Space Association on Warsaw University of Technology is working on another
More informationWaves and Space Exploration Review (PS.4, PS.5, ST.1 and ESS.8)
Waves 1. What causes waves? 2. Define wave. Label each below as longitudinal or transverse 3. 4. Label the crest, trough, wavelength and amplitude of the wave below. 9. In the diagram above, four complete
More information8. Which of the following can not be detected by modern telescopes? A. radio waves B. heat waves (infrared) C. light waves D.
7. Which is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope? A. It is not effected by weather B. It is not effected by pollution C. It is not effected by light. D. It is closer to the stars 8. Which of
More informationAn Optical Survey for Space Debris on Highly Eccentric MEO Orbits
An Optical Survey for Space Debris on Highly Eccentric MEO Orbits T. Schildknecht 1), A. Hinze 1), A. Vananti 1), T. Flohrer ) 1) Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, CH-31 Bern, Switzerland
More informationNASA Eyes on Earth What s up? Satellites Presented by: Christopher Blair
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NASA Eyes on Earth What s up? Satellites Presented by: Christopher Blair May 23, 2011 www.nasa.gov National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA s Launch Services
More information1 UNIVERSE. I. Tick ( ) the most appropriate answer. 1. Our solar system belongs to:
1 UNIVERSE I. Tick ( ) the most appropriate answer. 1. Our solar system belongs to: (a) elliptical galaxy (b) spiral galaxy (c) irregular galaxy (d) none of these 2. The name of our galaxy is: (a) andromeda
More information