EMS Validation of Rush Mode flood products

Transcription

1 on the Use of the Copernicus Emergency Service for Floods. Emphasis on floods that occurred in central Europe in June Brussels, 21 st october, 2013 EMS Validation of Rush Mode flood products Pablo Echamendi Isabel Goñi

2 Emergency Mapping Service Validation (EMSV) Presentation 1. Signed contract on 29/11/ Objectives: M2: Validate Copernicus EMS mapping Rush and non Rush mode products. Well established. Mature procedures. Products are well structured and standardized. M3: Study from the user s perspective: added valued and impact on the workflow of the products. Propose best practices and alternative solutions. 3. Three activations: two floods and one landslide 2

3 EMSV 003. Floods in Central Europe. Scope Validation, valuation and impact analysis of Copernicus EMS products from: Country EMSR number EMSR 044 COPERNICUS EMS PRODUCTS TO BE VALIDATED AOI PRODUCT - EMSR044_03Rosenheim_00Ref_00OVr* 03 Rosenheim - EMSR044_03Rosenheim_00Ref_01Det_v1* Germany EMSR Riesa - EMSR044_06Riesa_01Del_00Ovr - EMSR044_06Riesa_01Del_01Det_v1 EMSR Dresden - EMSR044_08Dresden_01Del_00Ovr - EMSR044_08Dresden_01Del_01Det_v1 Czech Republic EMSR 045 EMSR Melnik 06 Prague - EMSR045_03Melnik_01Del_00Ovr_v1 - EMSR045_03Melnik_01Del_00Ovr_Mnt01_v2 - EMSR045_06Prague_01Del_00Ovr - EMSR045_06Prague_01Del_01Det_v2 Hungary EMSR Budapest - EMSR046_03Budapest_01Del_00Ovr_Mnt01_v1 - EMSR046_03Budapest_01Del_01Det * Delineation map were not provided as the service provider did not find significant water traces. They are considered as delineation maps with no flooded area marked. 3

4 EMSV 003. M2. Product validation. Validation methodology OBJECTIVES: EMSR Geographical information Optical and SAR data used for Copernicus EMS products Vector data Data collection Other data related to EMSR Copernicus EMS activation documents PERILS products IC/ZKI DE products Methodology to classify the validity of data as reference Data reprocessing/processing Copernicus EMS data reprocessing New collected data New optical and SAR Information. Aerial imagery post event Vector information Raster information Non geographical documents Validation Validated Copernicus EMS products Thematic layer validation Using the reprocessed layers, the valid reference data and the verified water level as reference data. Focusing on thematic validation of flooded areas. Reference data Valid reference data Copernicus EMS reprocessed layers The main objective of the validation activity is to study the thematic accuracy of the crisis event layer and the geometric accuracy of the product. A second objective of the validation activities is to analyse the products from a cartographic point of view and check the utilisation that can be made from them. Amongst other matters, the readability of the maps shall be studied along with the consistency of the legends and the methods of cartographic representations that have been used. 4

5 EMSV 003. M2. Importance of flood characterization Specific date or even time of the flood peak is a very crucial factor. The inadequacy of the date is a handicap for flood extraction. Only in Melnik the date of the image acquisition matches the flood peak: Underestimation of the flood consequences. In some cases, the flooded area layers included partially the river beed and water bodies. Water Extent is defined as the scope of the EMSV validation. EMSR045_06Prague_01Del_01Det_v2 EMSR046_03Budapest_01Del_00Ovr_Mnt01_v1 5

6 EMSV 003. M2. Data availability and collection Task both VHR optical and SAR images and also to have information about potential acquisition passes of the respective satellites. Non cartographic information: interesting but time consuming: flood peak. The use of orthoimages (wms) and VHR as pre event image and background information in EMSR 044 and EMSR 045. Use of DEM for improving Radar interpretation. 6

7 EMSV 003. M2. Hydrological hydraulic data interest Hydrological data + Hydraulic data = Validation of Water Extent layer Examples: Prague and Melnik. Hydrological/Hydraulic data Station River Peak discharge Day Hour Level (cm) Q peak (m³/s) T min T max Alert code Praha Chuchle Vltava 4/06/ Melnik Elbe 5/06/ extreme Code Station River Return time of flood Q T (m 3 /s) Praha Chuchle Vltava Melnik Elbe

8 EMSV 003. M2. New data collected Copernicus EMS products EMSR044_03Rosenheim_00Ref_01Det_v1 EMSR044_06Riesa_01Del_00Ovr EMSR044_06Riesa_01Del_01Det_v1 EMSR044_08Dresden_01Del_00Ovr EMSR044_08Dresden_01Del_01Det_v1 EMSR045_03Melnik_01Del_00Ovr_v1 EMSR045_03Melnik_01Del_00Ovr_Mnt01_v2 EMSR045_06Prague_01Del_00Ovr_v2 EMSR045_06Prague_01Del_01Det_v2 SAR Radarsat 2 (05/06/2013)(Over;Det) ADDITIONAL OPTICAL SPOT6 06/06/2013 (Ovr;Det) Pléiades 1A 05/06/2013 (Ovr;Det) Ortho imagery Unknown date Ortho imagery, 05/06/2013 (Only along the river Ovr;Det) ARGUMENTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENTS The better resolution and the optical characteristics of the SPOT6 (1.5 m) Completes the AOI The better resolution and the optical characteristics of the Pléiades 1A ( 0.5m) The better resolution and the optical characteristics of the Aerial orthoimage EMSR046_03Budapest_01Del_00Ovr_Mnt01 _v1 EMSR046_03Budapest_01Del_01Det_v1 SPOT6 08/06/2013 (Ovr;Det) The better resolution and the optical characteristics of the SPOT6 (1.5 m) 8

9 EMSV 003. M2. Validation results Same resolution, different methodology and time A B Zoom A Zoom B Zoom A Zoom B 9

10 EMSV 003. M2. Validation results When no optical imagery is available (Riesa and Melnik): The results for EMSV and Copernicus EMS products show small differences (omission and commission errors) attributed to the methodology, the use of pre event orthophotos and other auxiliary sources (DEM) and, ultimately, to the largest time available for EMSV for performing the process. Melnik. Omission errors Omission errors Commission Coincidenceerrors Melnik. Commission errors The radar image corresponds to TS X (07/06/2013) used by Tracasa to delimit the water extent layer. Right: the pre event aerial image was obtained Brussels from WMS 21 st October 2013 BKG: CSK 2, 05/06/

11 EMSV 003. M2. Validation results If optical is not available, radar as an option depending on the accuracy of the images and the studied land use (forest and urban areas). Precision is not good from medium resolution CSK 2 images on a local scale. Better results are obtained with High resolution TS X image, although the precision in the urban zones is still low. These images show a small area of Prague, acquired with different resolutions: CSK 2: Streets cannot be distinguished (orange). The double bounce from the bridge (blue) means that it appears over dimensioned. The same is true for the boat (green) A turbulent area (red) also appears a little confused. TheTS X: two images on the left correspond to can a primary The streets be distinguished extraction/classification the of but they also have an of amount water bodies (prior to shadow. The non urban zones photointerpretation). Thefor image provide better results TS X: on the the dimensions right showsof thethe bridge Reference Extent Layer and and boatwater are more realistic (in the blue) obtained by digitalising delimitation of the water is Service Contract nº Framework theclearer. aerial image. Brussels 21st October

12 EMSV 003. M2. Validation results Importance of availability of optical images of the event: underestimated flooded area with radar. BKG: SPOT6, 08/06/2013 Omission errors Commission errors Omission errors Coincidence Two Budapest areas with omission errors in green. The white zones show the overlap between Tracasa and Copernicus EMS and the pink areas correspond to commission errors. The commission errors in A correspond to dense vegetation on the riverbank. Omission errors 12

13 EMSV 003. M2. Validation results When optical imagery is available: The results for EMSV and Copernicus EMS products show big differences (omission and commission errors). RADAR exclusive utilisation underestimates the delimitation of water extent. The use of optical images allows us to discover important errors of omission of the flooded areas, even in the vicinity of major rivers. Commission errors appear important in remote areas of the flood zones because Copernicus EMS products failed to perform a detailed review by photointerpretation techniques. Dresden. Omission errors Commission errors Omission errors Dresden. Coincidence Commission errors BKG: BKG: Pléiades Pléiades 1A, 1A, 05/06/2013. Res: Res: 0.5 m0.5 m 13

14 EMSV 003. M2. Results Rush mode products readability Readability in the context of emergencies: Where are the problems occurring? Where do we have to act depending on the severity of the situation? How can I get to these places? Cartographic representation of different map elements: Main problems detected In general, poor adaptation between the scale and the quantity of presented information visual saturation on the map. Different flood crisis representation (outlines, filled, transparency) Inadequacy scale data density: Visual saturation on the map Labels Overlapping information Lack of generalisation Difficulty to visually distinguish the hierarchy of Objects (toponimy, roads ) Marginalia information 14

15 EMSV 003. M2. Results Rush mode products readability Temporal information: Different types of dates. Presented in different places. Some issues: Event date included in the title of the Copernicus EMS map may be confusing as sometimes does not correspond to the flood extent shown. Different dates of production in the same map (Title vs. Map production) Melnik Delineation Overview: 07/06/2013 or 06/06/2013? Different dates corresponding to the same flood characterization. Prague Delineation Overview: Consequences: 05/06/2013 vs. flood 03/06/2013? Suggestion 15

16 EMSV 003. M3. Product validation. Methodology Analysis of collected data. INFO ANALYSIS Analyses of user responses about Copernicus EMS Service and Products. Collection of input data/ sources/ users related to the flooding emergency event. INFO COLLECTION Selection of users to be interviewed. Design/Conduct of interview. USERS FEEDBACK FEEDBACK ASSESMENT DELIVERABLES PREPARATION PRODUCTS/INFO COMPARISON Comparison of alternative emergency information/products with Copernicus EMS products OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the valuation and impact analysis of the Copernicus EMS products presented in this document is the estimation of the relevance of those products to the end user, in terms of: - Added value of Copernicus EMS products with respect to other information sources available to the user. - Impact of Copernicus EMS products on the user s workflow and performance in the emergency management context. 16

17 EMSV 003. M3. Products comparison Copernicus EMS maps vs. alternative maps Alternative maps: IC/ZKI DE PERILS AIR Worldwide. Very few alternative maps provide crisis information (flooded areas) for the same AOIs and dates than the Copernicus EMS maps. IC products Map combinations COPERNICUS EMS vs. IC COPERNICUS EMS Products ( ) ( ) Delineation Overvie Detail Overview Detail w P05 V02 ( ) X X P13 V02 ( ) Partial X P17 V01 ( ) X X X X P29 V02 ( ) X X P31 V01 (09/10 06 X X Partial X 2013) P43 V01 ( ) X X Partial X PERILS products Map combinations COPERNICUS EMS vs. PERILS COPERNICUS EMS Products Delineation ( ) ( ) Overview Detail Overview Detail ( ) Partial X 17

18 EMSV 003. M3. Products comparison Copernicus EMS maps vs. alternative maps Only estimated in Copernicus EMS Only estimated in PERILS Overlap Different sensor images used for flood extraction: SAR data (COSMO SkyMed) for COPERNICUS EMS products as opposed to OPTICAL data (Pleiades) for PERILS products. EMSR044_08Dresden. COSMO SkyMed. 3 m resolution PERILS Dresden. Pléiades. 0.5 m resolution Difference in spatial resolution of the images used in flood extraction: 3m for COPERNICUS EMS products as opposed to 0.5m for PERILS products. This means a x6 improvement in a spatial resolution. 18

19 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Products analysis Appropriate selection of background imagery Appropriate satellite image acquisition for deriving the flood extent: Date, resolution and sensor type It is important to characterize the evolution of the flooding event up until the maximum water extent is reached. The date of the image acquisition is essential for that and it is a big issue for the users. BKG: 5/06/2013 Perils/IC : Pléiades 0.5m Copernicus: CSK 3m Brussels 21st October

20 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Products analysis Contents of the maps Enlargement Flood of Hazard areas Maps to show Risk the Maps flood situation in greater detail Water depth in specific Digital points Elevation Peak Model water leve Land (date use& max depth) 20

21 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback Interviewed Authorized users and End users EMSR 044: Dr. Michael Judex Mr. Martin Kurthals EMSR 045 Col. Jan Brothanek EMSR 046 Lt. Kinga Perge Lt. Péter Lázsló The main structure of the questionnaire to be used in the interview Users general info. Product valuation (Users opinion). Products added value (Comparison vs. alternative products and user opinion on this). Impact of Copernicus EMS products on user s operational procedure/workflow and performance. Limitations of survey analysis * Although common trends have been found in the feedback from end users, due to the low number of interviewees, the results are not conclusive, and may even be sensitive to outliers. * A few contradictory answers have been detected. 21

22 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback: Conclusions Strenghts: The Copernicus EMS service is considered a valuable asset for emergency management and provides data that end users can not obtain by themselves because they do not have the time or the expertise to produce. Service is free of charge. Although not fast enough to support operations, the Copernicus EMS products allow having fresh images/maps in a short time. The delineation of the flooded area is very useful as an overview and for high level communication among actors of the crisis. Information about the consequences of the crisis is useful. Added value of the Copernicus EMS products respect to alternative products: Copernicus EMS products are the only ones that provide information about the consequences, which is considered relevant information for the user. The legend of Copernicus EMS products is more complete and clear than the ones of other providers maps.. 22

23 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback: Conclusions Weaknesses: More contents/products than requested. Copernicus EMS products were not useful in the first early stages of the crisis: Delay in delivery. In a quickly evolving crisis such as a flood, the products are not updated enough. Low level of precision in some detail maps to be useful for people on the field. Too much information and lack of flexibility. Concerns about map readability and comprehensibility. Some information in marginalia s section, such as in Map production, Data sources, are not user friendly and in some cases is repeated and has errors. Concern about the language: not all the end users can understand English. Weaknesses compared to alternative products: Compared to IC/ZKI DE, Copernicus EMS maps are less strict in terms of compliance with requirements. Production of the Copernicus EMS maps is slower than the one of IC/ZKI DE maps. Too much information in the maps. As already mentioned, language was an issue in the Copernicus EMS maps. IC/ZKI DE maps, because writen in the users language (i.e. German), were more useful for more people. 23

24 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback: Conclusions Problems: The delay on the delivery is one of the main concerns for end users. A faster delivery would increase the benefits of the products since they could be used in earlier phases of the crisis. The huge size of the files was considered to be inadequate for teams working on the field with limited access to the Internet. In some maps the AOI did not match the users requirements. The use of Open Street Map as a source leaded to the lack of information in some points. The excess of unneeded and sometimes not requested information makes the interpretation of the products more complicated. The symbologies used in some maps were not clear enough, leading to confusion, especially in the delineation of the flooded area. The interviewees could not quantify the benefits and estimate the savings (in cost, time, etc.) related to the use of the Copernicus EMS products. They say they do not have that kind of information, and they are not the right people to estimate those savings. They are unfamiliar in evaluating costs of the emergencies. 24

25 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback: Conclusions Suggested improvements: In order to provide savings in the early stages of the crisis, the products should be delivered faster and include some kind of forecast and risk areas. The use of Geo PDF could be enhanced with the inclusion of a short manual. SAR limitations and their negative effects should be highlighted in the maps to avoid misuse and misinterpretations. In the Data sources box, besides the date, the time (hour) of image acquisition should also be included. Delineation of the flooded area: Using a colour that is associated with water, namely blue. Using a unique colour to delineate it. Using filled translucent polygons. Delineation of settlement in urban areas: Not every street needs to be delineated. Too many labels blotch the maps. Avoid the use of muddy and loud colours. Transport network delineation Only main roads are needed. It would be more useful for users to calculate the consequences according to some administrative division instead to the AOI (as already done in the Copernicus EMS maps) Some additional map contents could be provided when available: The DEM and Land Use could be included as layers in the GeoPDF. Flow risk map and others could be included. Forecast information would be very useful. 25

26 EMSV 003. M3. Results: Users feedback: Conclusions Recommendations: Intensifying the cooperation with other institutions would prevent duplication of efforts and would speed up the process. High level users at political level, decision makers and teams on the field have each very different requirements and they should be addressed individually. The EMS portal should be prioritized over the ftp for users accessing the products, since it is easier and faster than accessing the ftp server. All relevant users should have access to the portal to reduce waiting times in the delivery of products. The use of standard OGC services is suggested as an additional way to facilitate the integration with the users Emergency Information Systems. A tool that helped AUs to delineate the AOI and, at the same time, calculate the most adequate scale for each map would be really appreciated. Official baseline map data from EuroGeographics should be available for rush mode mapping production. 26

27 EMSV 003. Final conclusions The Copernicus EMS service is considered a valuable asset for emergency management and provides data that end users can not obtain by themselves. There is a lack of checks/revision/editing in the products after automatic preocessing. Some trivial errors highlighted may (and must) be avoided. Data provision by member states (e.g. aerial imagery) is essential to the mapping and validation process. Inform the final users of the benefits of sharing the information that they posses with respect to the event and site characterization. SRF option. 27

28 Thank you for your attention! 28