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Transcription

1 c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk v : mikv ii f~wgkv W.!!gvQv.!!Lv `Rv LvZyb * Abstract : Primary education plays pivotal role in forming the educational foundation of a nation. Therefore, the infrastructural strength of the expansion of education depends on the foundation of the primary education system. Bangladesh inherited the British colonial education system which was useful only for training up cadre officials needed for their administration and therefore, education was neglected by them. After the partition of India in 1947, the West Pakistani rulers aimed at establishing an education system based on the religious beliefs of Islam. With this end in view, the Pakistani ruling class tried to mould the education system from the very primary level. The Pakistan Government, with the view of reconstructing the education system formed some committees and commissions, such as, Report of the East Bengal Reconstruction Committee on Education ( ) by Maulana Muhammad Akram Khan, Report of the Educational Reform Commission, East Pakistan (1957) by Ataur Rahman Khan, Report of the Commission on National Education (1959) by Mr. S. M. Sharif, The Commission on Students Problems and Welfare (1966) by Mr. Justice Hamoodur Rahman, Judge, the Supreme Court of Pakistan (chairman), Proposals for new Education Policy (1969) by Air Marshal M. Nur Khan, etc. The reports submitted by these committees and commissions concerning primary education failed to fulfill the expectations of the people of East Pakistan. Therefore, what role the Pakistan government played for its reformation or development at different times has been detailed through analytical research efforts in this article. Avengvb evsjvi wk ve e 'vi!!k `«we `y wqj cvvkvjv, iæmy KZ K wba vwiz I wbqwš Z AvbyôvwbK c wz Z cvvkvjvi wkÿv Kvh µg cwipvwjz n Zv d j cöv_wgk wk vi KvVv gv wqj AmsMwVZ evsjvq!!`kxq wk v cöwzôvb ÔcvVkvjvÕi cvkvcvwk g³ei wqj cvvkvjv g~jz wn `y `i Øviv cöwzwôz I cwipvwjz n Zv Ges Gi wk v`vb Kvh µg wqj e envwik I cvw_ e Ab w` K g³e g~jz cöwzwôz I cwipvwjz n Zv gymjgvb `i Øviv Ges!!mLv b!!kviavb I agx q welq wk v!!`qv n Zv Ewbk kz Ki cö_g `k K!!`kxq cöv_wgk wk v cöwzôvb QvovI wfbœag x cöv_wgk wk v cöwzôvb evsjvq Kvh Ki wqj GB cöv_wgk wk v cöwzôvb jv wgkbvwi I A vs jv BwÛqvb `i Øviv cöwzwôz n qwqj mv ji ci!!_ K we«wuk mikvi evsjvi cöv_wgk wk vi Dbœq b wkqy c` c MÖnY K i, wkš` Zv wqj Ach vß ZvB cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi ci cöv_wgk wk vi Dbœqb Z ivwš^z Kivi Rb mikv ii AwaK iæz v ivc Kiv cö qvrb wqj cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi Av `vj b c~e cvwk Ív bi RbM Yi Ae`vb wqj Acwimxg c~e cvwk Ív bi gvbyl wb R `i A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk, ivr bwzk I mvs wzk gyw³i cöz vkvq cvwk Ívb Av `vj b Ask wb qwqj nvrvi nvrvi evovwj * mn hvmx Aa vck, BwZnvm wefvm, RMbœv_ wek we` vjq, XvKv

2 22 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv QvÎ-RbZvi Z v Mi wewbg q M o IVv cvwk Ívb K mevb!!`l Z!!P qwqj GKwU AvaywbK ag wbi c ivó«wn m e!!kbbv, c~e cvwk Ív b gymwjg Ges Ab vb!!h msl vjny m cö`vq wqj Zviv ag -ey wbwe k l GK mg fvlv Ges mygnvb mvs wzk HwZ n i AwaKvix wqj wkš` cvwk Ív bi!!k `«xq mikvi c~e cvwk Ív bi RbM Yi cöz vkvi cöwz!!kvb m vb cö`k b bv K i cövq wmwk kzvãxkvj a i wk v ms KvPb Ges wk vq hv Z AwaKZi Bmjvwg fveaviv AÿzYœ _v K!!mB cö Póv Pvjvq GiB avivevwnkzvq Ab vb wel qi!!p q wk v K AwaKZi iæz w` q 1947 mv ji 27 b f ^i!!_ K 1 ww m ^i ch ší KivPx Z mikvwi I!!emiKvwi wk vwe` `i GK m jb AvnŸvb Kiv nq mikvwifv e e vl v cö`vb Kiv nq!!h, `ªæZ m jb WvKvi D Ïk n jv cvwk Ív bi Pjgvb wk ve e 'vi cybg ~j vqb Ges becöwzwôz iv ó«i cöz vkv Ges Av` k i wfwë Z e vck wfwëk Kg m~wp cökvk GB m j b me m wzµ g wm vší MÖnY Kiv nq!!h, cvwk Ív bi wk ve e 'v Bmjvwg Av`k Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n e Ges D³ Av` k i g a wek åvz Z, mwnòyzv Ges b vq wepvi we kl iæz jvf Ki e 2 Av jvp cöe Ü cvwk Ívb kvmbvg j mikvi c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk vi AMÖMwZ Z Kx ai bi f~wgkv cvjb K iwqj,!!hgb- 1. cöv_wgk wk v!!kvb Av` k i wfwë Z cwipvwjz n e; 2. cvwk Ívb Avg j MwVZ KwgwU I Kwgkbmg~n cöv_wgk wk vi AMÖMwZ Z Kx ai Yi mycvwik!!ck K i Q Ges mikvi Kxfv e Zv ev Íevqb K i Q; 3. c~e Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk wk vi Dbœq b mikv ii ˆelg g~jk AvPiY; 4. me Rbxb, eva Zvg~jK I A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk v cöez b mikv ii f~wgkv BZ vw` welq jv we kølyvz K M elyvi gva g Zy j aivi cöqvm!!biqv n q Q wefv MvËi mg q c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk v ms kvwaz (Revised) cvv µ gi Aax b cöv_wgk!!kvm wqj Pvi eq ii 1945 mv j cöv_wgk we` vj qi cvv ZvwjKvi ms vi mvab Kiv nq Ges cöv_wgk we` vj q wbgœ I D P GB `yb Íi DwV q w` q 4 eqie vcx cöv_wgk wk vkvj aiv nq!!mb mv _ wk KcÖwZ AbwaK 40 Rb QvÎ w 'i Kiv nq 3 GB!!Kvm mgvcbv ší!!kvb wefvmxq ewntcix v (External) n Zv bv, Z e cöwz yj!!_ K wbe vwpz wkqy msl K wk v_ x e wë cix vq Ask wbz cwipvjbv I wbqš Y cöv_wgk wk v mikvi Ges 'vbxq cöwzwbwai (Local Bodies) ˆØZ wbqš Y wqj 'vbxq cöwzwbwamy cöv_wgk wk vi mv _ m ú ³ _vk ji Gi wbqš Y g~jz wqj mikv ii nv Z mg Í cöv_wgk we` vjq cwi`k bi `vwqz wqj wk v wefv Mi Kg KZ v `i Ici cöv_wgk we` vj qi Ici!!jvKvj ewwi wbqš Y cöwzwôz n Zv we` vj qi MÖv Um-Bb GBW Gi kz vbymv i GB A_ AvswkK mikvi!!_ K Ges AvswkK Zv `i wbr ^ Znwej!!_ K AvmZ!!Rjv yj!!evw MwVZ n Zv c`vwakvi e j cöavb Kg KZ v (Ex-Officio),

3 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 23 wbe vwpz I g bvbxz m`m wb q AvU eqi!!rjv g vwr «U (Ex-Officio)!!cÕwm W U n eb Ges Gici!!evW Zvi wbr ^!!cõwm W U wbe vpb Ki e!!rjv cwi`k K wq jb!!ev W i c`vwakvix m`m (Ex-Officio) Ges!!m µuvwi wm ju!!rjvi (c~ e Avmv gi AšÍf y³ wqj) cöv_wgk wk v wbqš Yi `vwq Z wqj!!jvkvj!!evw, Z e Gi Kvh cöyvjx m úv`b KiZ yj!!evw y ji Dccwi`k K wq jb!!jvkvj!!ev W i cöavb (Ex- Officio) Ges!!ev W i wk v welqk Dc `óv PÆMÖvg cve Z A j cöv_wgk wk v wbqš Yi `vwqz cvjb Ki Zb!!cÕwm W U (Ex-Officio) wn m e!!wcywu Kwgkbvi Ges!!m µuvwi wn m e!!rjv yj cwi`k K XvKv, gqgbwmsn, wu civ, PÆMÖvg,!!bvqvLvjx, dwi`cyi, ev KiMÃ, cvebv, e ov, iscyi, w`bvrcyi, h kvi, ivrkvnx GBme!!Rjvi cöv_wgk wk v m ú~y i~ c!!rjv!!ev W i Ici b Í wqj GB!!evW mivmwi cöv_wgk y ji e e 'vcbv Ges gva wgk y ji cöv_wgk kvlvi wel q wefvmxq cwi`k b G RwÝi mvaviy cwi`k b Abỳ vb!!`q GB Abỳ v bi AvswkK Zv `i wbku!!cõwiz Znwej!!_ K mskyjvb Kiv nq!!rjv!!evw,!!jvkvj!!evw QvovI wkqy BDwbqb!!evW wqj hviv cöv_wgk wk vi Rb wbr ^ GjvKvq dvû MÖnY K i!!hgb!!iji q KZ c wkqy msl K cöv_wgk yj wbqš Yi `vwq Z wq jb!!hlv b!!iji q Z Kg iz Kg KZ v I Kg Pvix `i mšív biv!!jlvcov KiZ 4 1bs mviwy Z !!_ K ch ší c~e evsjvi cöv_wgk y ji msl v, wk v_ xi msl v Ges e qk Z A _ i wpî!!`lv bv n jv: 5 mviwy cöv_wgk we` vj qi 29,357 29,634 28,979 msl v 2. wk v_ x wbeüb 20,46,311 24,89,055 25,31, e q (iæwc) 1,59,18,420 1,61,59,613 1,71,33,257 cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K I QvÎ ezb Ges mg q cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk Kiv!!eZb!!c Zb!!Rjv yj!!_ K Ges ïaygvî wm ju A j!!jvkvj!!evw!!_ K yj jvi g a!!ez bi ZviZg wqj cö ewkkv cvk Ges cöwk YcÖvß cöavb wk K cöwzgv m!!ezb!!c Zb 34 iæwc 8 Avbv, mnkvix cöavb wk K 2 iæwc Kg!!c Zb cöwk YcÖvß wkš` cö ewkkv cvk bb wzwb!!ezb!!c Zb 24 iæwc 8 Avbv Ab w` K cöwk Ywenxb wkš` wzwb hw` eyw gëv cix vq (Intelligence Test) DËxY n Zb Zvn j 20 iæwc 8 Avbv!!eZb!!c Zb cöwk Ywenxb Ges eyw gëv cix vq DËxY bb Ggb wk K!!eZb!!c Zb 15 iæwc 8 Avbv D jøl, wewfbœ we` vj qi g a GB!!eZ bi ZviZg wqj!!rjv yj!!evw (wm ju!!jvkvj!!evw mn) A j wk v_ x `i!!k bv!!ezb wqj bv Ab vb GjvKvq

4 24 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv wewfbœ ai Yi!!eZb wqj,!!hgb- 2 Avbv!!_ K 4 Avbv ch ší gva wgk we` vjq mswkøó cöv_wgk!!köwy Z wd mi cwigvy wqj 12 Avbv!!_ K 2 iæwc ch ší 6 e wë I cvv m~wp cöv_wgk e wë cix vq djvd ji wfwë Z `ywu!!mö W e wë!!`qv n Zv cö_g!!mö W e wëcövßiv gv m 3 iæwc Ges wøzxq!!mö W e wëcövßiv 2 iæwc K i!!cz Aí msl K evwjkv Ges gymjgvb `i Rb GB e wë msiw Z wqj cvv m~wp Z wefv MvËi mg q D jøl hvm!!kv bv cwiez b Kiv nqwb!!h welq jv cix vi welq wn m e Pjgvb wqj!!m jv n jv: gvz fvlv!!jlv I cov, cvwumwyz, f~ Mvj Ges MÖvg!!cØibxwZ (Rural Civics) cix v ewnf ~Z welq wqj ag xq wk v, kvixwik wk v,!!ljvayjv BZ vw` Bs iwr DwV q w` q GwU K Hw QK welq (Optional) wn m e ivlv nq mv ji wk v m jb I cöv_wgk wk v KwgwUi wi cvu 1947 mv ji 27 b f ^i!!_ K 1 ww m ^i ch ší KivwP Z AbywôZ wk v m j b wk vi fwel r bxwzgvjv I Kg m~wp m ú K mycvwik Kivi Rb wewfbœ KwgwU MwVZ nq cöv_wgk I gva wg Ki Rb!!h KwgwU MwVZ nq Zvi!!Pqvig vb wbe vwpz nb kvgmyj D jgv Avey bv Qi Avn g` GB KwgwU gz!!cvly K i!!h, cöv_wgk wk v A ezwbk I eva Zvg~jK niqv DwPZ Ges GKwU MYZvwš K!!` k Gi e vwßkvj niqv DwPZ 8 eqi G Z e q!!ewk n e weavq KwgwU cöv_wgk ch v q GwU cvup eqi!!gqvw` Ges mikv ii A_ bwzk mg w i mv _ mv _ m½wz!!i L ch vqµ g Gi!!gqv` 8 eqi Kivi mycvwik K i GQvovI 3!!_ K 6 eqi eqmx wkï `i we kl y j cov kvbvi Rb cövb fu cöwzôv bi Ici `vwqz!!`qvi mycvwik Kiv nq KwgwU y ji!!kvm mg~ ni Rb 1 eqi mgq evwo q cöv_wgk-c~e wk v_ x `i eqm 3!!_ K 6 eqi Ges cöv_wgk ch v qi wk v_ x `i eqm 6!!_ K 11 eqi Kivi cö Íve K i 8 KwgwUi wkÿv msµvší bxwzgvjvq åvz Z eva, mvgvwrk MYZš I b vqwepvi, eva KZvg~jKfv e mkj a g i!!gøjk bxwz welqk wkÿv MÕnY, wkÿv e e 'vq mvgvwrk I!!fv Kkbvj welqvw` AšÍf zw³i K_v D jøl Kiv nq 8/K KwgwU fvlv wel q!!h cö Íve K i!!mwu wb q wez K i M wó nq KviY KwgwU g b K i bervz cvwk Ív bi wk v cöwzôv bi Rb GKwU mvaviy fvlv _vkv Avek K GB D Ï k KwgwU D` y fvlv K mvaviy fvlv wn m e wbe vp bi wel q GKgZ!!cvlY K i Ges K qkrb m`m Gi!!Rviv jv mg_ b K i e jb, D` y ïay cvwk Ív bi mvaviy fvlvb n e bv, cöwzwu cö ` ki wk vi gva g n e KwgwUi!!ek wkqy m`m Gi we ivwazv K i e jb, wk vi gva g wn m e!!kvb fvlv K wbe vpb Kiv n e Zv mswkøó cö ` ki cö qvr bi cwi cöw Z Zv `i Ici!!Q o!!`qv DwPZ Z e D` y cöv_wgk we` vjqmg~ n wøzxq Avewk K fvlv wn m e _vk Z cv i!!kl ch ší KwgwU wøzxq gzwu MÖnY K i KwgwU Bs iwr fvlvi wel q mycvwik K i!!h, Bs iwr yj ch v q eva Zvg~jK fvlv wn m e we ewpz n Z cv i 9

5 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts mv ji m j bi mycvwikµ g GKwU ÔAdvisory Board of Education for PakistanÕ MwVZ nq mikvwi wb ` k I mycvwikµ g!!evw cövq cöwz eq ii mfvq 1947 mv ji m j b M nxz fvev` k i Av jv K cvwk Ív bi wk v KvVv gv M o!!zvjvi!!póv K i!!hgb, ÔAdvisory Board of Education for PakistanÕ-Gi cö_g mfv AbywôZ nq 1948 mv ji 7-9 Ryb KivwP Z GB mfvi Av jvp m~wp wqj Ö!!emiKvwi yj jv Z mikvwi myweav `v bi welqwu we epbv Kiv n eó mv ji wk v m j b M nxz HwZnvwmK wk v fvev` k i Av jv K!!evW wm vší MÖnY K i!!h, yj ch v q gymjgvb wk v_ x `i Rb ag xq wk v eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e Ges Ab vb KwgDwbwUfy³ wk v_ xiv B Qv Ki j GwU co Z cvi e 11!!ev W i Z Zxq mfv AbywôZ nq ww m ^i 1949 mv j XvKvq wk vgš x drjyi ingvb GB mfvq mfvcwzz K ib mfvcwzi `xn fvl Y wzwb Ø _ nxb K É 1947 mv ji wk v m j b M nxz Bmjvwg fvev` k i Ici wfwë K i!!` ki wk ve e 'v M o!!zvjvi ` p mskí e ³ K ib!!mb D Ï k wzwb g b K ib, AZ vek Kxq we epbvq wk v_ x `i Bmjv gi bwei Rxebx Ges cweî!!kviav bi Ici e vck covïbv Kiv DwPZ hv Z K i gymwjg GgbwK Agymwjg wk v_ xmyi fwel Z bvmwik wn m e Zv `i KZ e m ú K h _vchy³ aviyv AR b m g nq wzwb cvwk Ív b emevmkvix Agymwjg `i D Ï k e jb, ÖAvwg GB!!f e ejwq bv!!h Agymwjg wk v_ xiv Aviwe Z!!KviAvb wk v Ki e Z e Avgvi e³e n Q, Zv `i (Agymwjg wk v_ x) Bmjv gi!!gøwjk bxwzgvjv m ú K covïbv Kiv DwPZ hvi Ici Avgiv Avgv `i wk vi wfwë 'vcb K iwq Ó 12 wzwb g b K ib, Agymwjg hviv cvwk Ívb K wb R `i ivó«wn m e MÖnY K i Q (Bmjvwg Av`k ) Zviv H Av` k i wfwë Z GK bzyb wek e e 'v M o Zyj e 13 Gfv e Agymwjg wk v_ x `i KI Bmjv gi!!gøjbxwz wj Aa qb Kivi Dc `k cö`vb Kiv nq 1950 mv j jv nv i AbywôZ!!ev W i PZy_ mfvq wewfbœ Í i wk vi KvwiKyjvg I Av`k welqk wm vší Qvov wk vi fvev`k MZ bzyb!!kv bv wpšívi welq mwbœ ewkz nqwb W. gvngỳ nvmv bi mfvcwz Z!!ev W i câg mfv AbywôZ nq fviqvjcy i 1953 mv ji 4-5 gvp D Øvabx fvl Y fviqvjcy ii nhiz Avgxi-G-Avjv ag xq wk v m ú K e jb, ÖAvwg wek vm Kwi!!h, Ávb I AMÖMwZi AZ vek Kxq Ask wn m e gvbwekzv I ˆbwZKZv AR b Ki Z n e h _vchy³ ag xq wk v!!kv bv e w³ K b vq I Ab vq wefvrb Ki Z!!kLvq GwU e vckfv e åvz Z eva wk vi gva g gvbezvev `i wk v`vb K i Ó 14 mfvcwzi fvl Y W. gvngỳ nvmvb mkj K Islamic Way of Thinking as the Basis of our Education -Gi Ici iæz Dcjwä Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb wzwb GK_v mkj K Dcjwä Ki Z e jb!!h, ÖAvgiv Bmjv gi `y e va Zvi!! Î mzk _vk ev hv Avgv `i K AMÖMvgxi cwie Z cðv`mvgx K i Zyj Z cv i Ó 15 Gfv e cvwk Ív bi wk ve e 'v AwaKZi BmjvwgKi Yi cö Póv Ae vnz _v K cvwk Ívb kvmbvg j hz jv KwgwU, Kwgkb n q Q Zv Z cöv_wgk wk ve e 'v

6 26 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv AwaKZi BmjvwgKiY Ges GB ch v qi wk vi `vwqz!!emikvwi KZ c i Ici!!Q o!!`qvi cö Póv Pvjv bv nq c~e e½ wk ve e v cybm Vb KwgwU ev gijvbv gvnv ` AvKig Lvu KwgwU ( ) I cöv_wgk wk v!!k `«xq kvmk Mvôx cvwk Ívb K GKwU ^vaxb MYZvwš K Bmjvwg ivó«wn m e cöwzôv Kivi!!Póv K i Ges GB D Ïk ev Íevq bi Rb Gi ivr bwzk, mvgvwrk, mvs wzk Ges A_ bwzk Rxe b e vck cwiez bi!!póv K i GiB avivevwnkzvq c~e evsjvi mikvi wk ve e 'vi ms v ii AwfcÖv q Ges mkj!! Î weivrgvb mgm v cix v- wbix v K i!!`lvi Rb GKwU D P gzvm úbœ KwgwU MV bi wm vší MÖnY K i!!mb D Ï k 1949 mv j c~e e½ cöv `wkk mikvi cö ` k wk ve e 'v cybm Vb Kivi Rb gijvbv!!gvnv ` AvKig Lvu K ( ) mfvcwz K i m Zi m`m wewkó GKwU KwgwU MVb K i mvaviy `vwqz cvj bi evb i G. Gd. Gg. Avãyj nk Ges!!gØjwf Avjx b~i K KwgwUi hym mwpe c ` wb qvm!!`qv nq wk vi mkj Íi I ch vq BZ vw` welq, KwgwUi Kg cwiwa I welqe ì Av jv K we ÍvwiZ cökœgvjv cöyqb K i cövq GK nvrvi Kwc wewfbœ wk vbyivmx, wk vwe`, wewfbœ!!ckvrxex, wewfbœ Í ii wk v cöwzôv bi cöavb,!!bz 'vbxq ivr bwzk I mgvrcwz `i wbku!!cõiy Kiv nq G Z D jøl hvm mvov cviqv hvq wba vwiz w` bi g a 280wU c~iyk Z cökœgvjv KwgwUi wbku Rgv c o Gi g a RwgqZ-Dj-gy`v iwmb (Jamiat-ul-Mudarrisin) 78wU!!ccvi ˆZwi K i hv Z Zv `i we kl DËi K GKwU DËi wn m e aiv nq 202 R bi g a 135 Rb gymjgvb, 44 Rb wn `y Ges 23 Rb wl«óvb g~j KwgwU K mvnv h i Rb bzyb m`m I Dc `óv `i wb q 7wU mvekwgwu MwVZ nq,!!hgb Lmov cökœgvjv cöyqb mvekwgwu, cövk&-cöv_wgk I cöv_wgk wk v mvekwgwu, gva wgk wk v mvekwgwu, gv`«vmv, bvix BZ vw` wk v mvekwgwu 16 gijvbv!!gvn ` AvKig Lvu KwgwU cöv_wgk wk v cybwe b v mi we ÍvwiZ mycvwik K i KwgwU g b K i cwikíbvi K ZKvh Zv!!h nzy cöavbz wk K `i Ici wbf i K i, ZvB wk K `i eywbqvw` wk v QvovI YMZ gv bvbœq bi Rb wk K `i msl v e w i mv _ mv _ Dchy³ cöwk Yi e e 'v Kiv Riæwi wk K `i wbgœzg wk vmz!!hvm Zv wba viy, cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kiv, cövk&-cöv_wgk I cöv_wgk Í ii wk K `i gwnjv niqv evãbxq Ges Zv `i mkj cökvi my hvm-myweavi e e 'v Ki Z n e Zv `i Rb Avjv`v cöwk Y!!K `«'vcb, wek we` vjq wk ve e 'vq we. G. Bb GWy Kkb bv g GKwU mœvzk wk v Kvh µg Ges ciez x eqi ww cøvgvi ci D PZi ww cøvgvi Rb Gg. G. Bb GWy Kkb!!Kv m i cöpjb Kiv hv Z GLvb!!_ K ww cøvgvavixiv cöv_wgk wk vi Dbœq b iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl Z cv i GQvovI KwgwU mycvwik K i `ªæZ GKwU gwnjv cöwk Y gnvwe` vjq Ges cöwz!!rjvq GKwU K i gwnjv cöwk Y!!K `«cöwzôv Kiv cö qvrb 17 AvKig Lvu KwgwU cövk&-cöv_wgk I cöv_wgk wk vi Dbœq b e vckwfwëk ms vi I mikvwi D ` vm MÖn Yi mycvwik Ki ji mikvi KwgwUi

7 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 27 mycvwi ki gvî wkqy Ask ev Íevqb K i mycvwi ki ms vi cö Íve jvi AwaKvskB ev Íevqb nqwb c~e e½ mikvi cöv_wgk wk vi cvv ZvwjKv ms kva bi Rb!!ek wkqy ms kvabx AvBb cöyqb K i cvv ZvwjKv ms kvabx AvBb, 1951 c~e evsjvi cöv_wgk we` vjq, g³e Ges gva wgk yj I gv`«vmvi cöv_wgk!!köwymg~ ni Rb mikvi 1951 mv ji 12-15!!m Þ ^i 2783 bs GWy Kkb weávcb Øviv gãywicövß ms kvwaz cvv ZvwjKv cökvk K i GB AvBb Øviv c~e e ½i cöv_wgk we` vjq I g³emg~ ni cvv ZvwjKv msµvší 1938 mv ji 10 Ryb Zvwi Li 68 bs GWy Kkb weáwß iwnz nq GB AvB b ejv nq!!h, cöv_wgk wk vkvj 4 eq ii cwie Z 5 eqi n e Ges GB câevwl K!!Kvm 1952 mv ji Rvbyqvwi!!_ K Kvh Kwi n e 6!!_ K 11 eqi eqmx!!q j g q cö_g!!köwy!!_ K câg!!köwy ch ší co e GB cwiez b cö ` ki MÖvgvÂj I wgdwbwmc vj GjvKvi!! ÎI cö hvr n e eva Zvg~jK GjvKvq 4_!!kÖwY n Z D` y Avewk K welq wn m e co Z n e Ges Ab vb GjvKvq H GKB!!kÖwY n Z Bnv B Qvaxb wn m e co Z n e 18 GB AvB bi g~j j wqj 10 eqi!!gqvw` GKwU cök íi Aax b A ezwbk I eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez b GB AvBb Abymv i wbe vwpz K qkwu BDwbq b cvup nvrvi y j A ezwbk eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v Pvjy Kiv nq wkš` GB e e 'v `yb eqi c i eü n q hvq 19 cvv m~wpi cwiez bi mv _ mv _ D` y fvlv K cöv_wgk wk vq AšÍf yw³i wm vší MÖnY K i mikvi D` y fvlv cvv m~wp Z AšÍf yw³ D` y fvlv cöv_wgk wk vi cvv m~wp Z AšÍf yw³i Rb c~e e½ mikv ii wk v wefvm!!jlk I cökvkkmy K wbgœwjwlz cvv m~wp cöyq bi Rb cöávcb Rvwi K i hv mwpe, c~e e½!!u UeyK KwgwU, cvewjk BÝU«vKk bi cwipvjk, c~e e½ KZ K Aby gv` bi Rb M nxz n e 1. gvz fvlv (evsjv I D` y) cöv_wgk cvv cy ÍK I cvvmskjb 1g I 2q!!kÖwYi Rb ; 2. D` y cvvmskjb (D` yfvlx wk v_ x `i Rb ) 7g I 8g!!kÖwYi Rb ; 3. D` y e vkiy (D` yfvlx wk v_ x `i Rb ) 7g I 8g!!kÖwYi Rb ; 4. cvwumwyz (evsjv I D` y fvlvq) 1g, 2q I 5g!!kÖwYi Rb ; 5. ag wk v 5g!!kÖwYi Rb evsjv I D` y fvlvq; 6. weávb welqk ( ^v ' cwiph vmn); 7. f~ Mvj I!!cØibxwZ welqk, 4_!!kÖwYi Rb ; 8. D` y gvbwpî (wk K `i e env ii Rb ); 9. Aviwe ey gvjv (wk K `i e env ii Rb, 1g!!kÖwYi Rb ); 10. kvixwik cöwk Yi Rb wk K n vûeyk/ wb ` kk cy ÍK (cöv_wgk Í ii Rb ); 11. Av`k wjwc (nv Zi!!jLvi Rb ) evsjv I D` y 1g I 2q!!kÖwYi Rb 20

8 28 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv c~e e½ mikv ii wk v wefv Mi wb ` kµ g A-D` yfvlx wk v_ x `i Rb 4_!!kÖwY!!_ K D` y K Avewk K welq wn m e cöez b Kiv nq Ges!!mB Abyhvqx cvv m~wp cöyxz nq D` y cvvmskjb 4_!!kÖwYi Rb cö_g!!_ K 28 c ôv ch ší AbymiY Kivi Ges 5g!!kÖwY Z m ú~y cvvmskjbwu covi wb ` k!!`qv nq wkš` c~e e½ mikv ii wk v wefv Mi GB wm všíwui we ivwazv K i 18 Ryb 1951 mv j cwipvjk, cvewjk BÝU«vKkb, c~e e½!!_ K mwpe, c~e e½ mikv ii wk v wefvm K Rvbv bv nq!!h, mikvwi Av ` k 1952 mvj!!_ K 5g!!kÖwY K eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk vi ch v q Avbv n q Q cöv_wgk yj ch v q D` y cv Vi!!hØw³KZv we køly bv K i Ges wk K ^ízvi Kvi Y GB wecyj msl K we` vjqmg~ n D` y welqwu wk v`vb m e bq Ges Lye ZvovZvwo 30,000 wk K K D` y!!klv bvi Rb wb qvm!!`qvi m e bq GB cwi cöw Z cöv_wgk we` vj q Avewk K welq wn m e D` y wk vi cökœwu DV Z cv i bv!!mb mv _ mikvi K civgk!!`qv nq!!h, mikvi welqwu!!_ K wbe Ë n eb Ges 6ô!!kÖwY!!_ K GwU Avewk K welq wn m e AšÍf y³ n e D jøl!!h, wk v c wz cybm Vb KwgwU D` y K 5g!!kÖwY ch ší Avewk K welq wn m e Aby gv`b bv w` q GwU K 6ô!!kÖwY!!_ K AšÍf yw³i Aby gv`b cö`vb K i cwipvjk welqwui e vcv i mywbw` ó wb ` k cö`v bi Aby iva K i 21 D` y cvwk Ív bi!!kvb cö ` kib gvz fvlv wqj bv wefv MvËi mg q fviz!!_ K!!h mkj gymjgvb cvwk Ív b P j Av m Zv `i AwaKvs ki fvlv wqj D` y D` yi!!kvb cöv `wkk gh v`v bv _vk ji `ywu Kvi Y D` yi!!ek cöfve wqj cö_gz,!!hme kn i fvizxq D` yfvlxiv emevm ïiæ K i Zv `i AwaKvskB D` yfvlx cyivzb e bw` cwievi Zviv fviz!!_ K AvMZ D` yfvlx `i mv _ wg k kni GjvKvq wb R `i AvwacZ we Ívi K i wøzxqz, cvwk Ív bi e emv evwy R i!! Î D` yfvlx `i GKvwacZ cöwzwôz nq Rbmvavi Yi gvz fvlv wn m e D` yi!!kvb ^f~wg bv _vk ji!!hme A j D` yfvlxiv emevm KiZ!!mLv b Zviv wk ve e 'vq D` yi cövavb ervq ivl Z!!Póv K i 22 D` y K cvv m~wp Z AšÍf yw³i cvkvcvwk Bs iwr K cöv_wgk wk vi cvv m~wp!!_ K ev`!!`qv nq!!hgb, mwpe c~e e½ mikv ii wk v wefvm cwipvjk, cvewjk BÝU«vKkb!!_ K 3 gvp 1948 Zvwi L Rvbv bv nq!!h, 27 Rvbyqvwi 1948 mvj!!_ K c~e e ½i mg Í cöv_wgk we` vjq (gva wgk yjmn) Ges gv`«vmvq Bs iwr wk v K eva evakzv ewnf ~Z Kiv n q Q hv ciez x A vkv WwgK!!mkb!!_ K Kvh Ki n e 23 wk K cöwk Y 1950 mvj ch ší c~e evsjvq cövbgvwi y ji wk K ˆZwii Rb `yb cökv ii wk K cöwk Y cöwzôvb wqj, h_v cövbgvwi!!u«wbs yj I cövbgvwi!!u«wbs!!m Uvi G `i K c~ e ejv n Zv iæ!!u«wbs yj Ges!!gvqv jøg!!u«wbs yj cövbgvwi wk K wk Yi gvb Dbœq bi Rb 1951 mv j cix vg~jk PviwU cövbgvwi!!u«wbs BÝwUwUDU cöwzwôz nq Ges fwz i Rb wk vmz!!hvm Zv wba viy Kiv nq cö ewkkv cvk Gi!!gqv` wqj `yb eqi 1952 mv ji c~e e½ wk ve e 'v cybm Vb KwgwUi mycvwik Abyhvqx 1956 mvj ch ší bg vj yj wj K Rywbqi!!U«wbs K j R iƒcvšíwiz Kiv nq 24

9 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 29 eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v AvBb, mv ji cöv `wkk cwil `!!e½j (iæivj) cövbgvwi GWy Kkb (B!!e½j A v gû g U) A v± Gi gva g `k eqi!!gqv ` eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez bi D ` vm!!biqv nq GRb `k eq ii GKwU eva Zvg~jK A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk v cökí MÖnY K i 1951 mv ji 16 AvM cö ` ki mkj MÖvgxY A j (PÆMÖvg, cve Z PÆMÖvg AÂj e ZxZ) cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kiv nq GB aviv!!gvzv ek cöwz eqi cö Z K _vbvq GKwU K i BDwbq b eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk we` vjq Pvjy Kiv nq Ges Gi wbqš Yi `vwqz!!`qv nq!!rjv yj!!evw K hv wk v Awa`ß ii Aax b _vk e cöv_wgk we` vj qi g a 5058wU cöv_wgk we` vjq K GB cök íi AvIZvq Avbv nq Ges 1500 wk K eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk vi AvIZvq Av m wkš` `yb eqi ci GB cökí eü n q hvq 25 D jøl!!h, c~e evsjvq cöv_wgk wk v AvBb 1951 mv ji b vq 1951 mv j wm ju!!rjvi cöv_wgk we` vj qi Rb Avewk K cöv_wgk wk v AvBb 1951 cvk nq wbe vwpz wkqy cöv_wgk we` vjq K Avewk K cöv_wgk we` vj qi AšÍf y³ Kiv nq Gme we` vj qi wbqš Yfvi cöv `wkk mikv ii cökvm bi c!!_ K!!Rjv g vwr «Ui Ici Ac Y Kiv nq 26 c~e cvwk Ívb wk v ms vi Kwgkb (AvZvDi ingvb Lvb Kwgkb) wi cvu 1957 I cöv_wgk wk v hy³d«u mikvi!!ewkw`b gzvq _vk Z cv iwb hy³d«u!!k i evsjv G.!!K. drjyj nk, Avey!!nv mb mikvi I AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wewfbœ mg q!!bz Z wq jb AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi mg q c~e cvwk Ív bi mvwe K wk ve e 'v cybm Vb I cybwe b vm Kivi Rb GKwU wk v ms vi Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq GB ms vi Kwgk bi!!pqvig vb wq jb gyl gš x AvZvDi ingvb Lvb Ges Gi m`m wq jb Qq Rb GB ms vi Kwgkb GKyk `dvi wfwë Z c~e cvwk Ív bi wk v ms v ii D Ï k e vck wfwëk wi cvu!!ck K i cwiwk ó wzbrb m`m Zvu `i e w³mz mycvwik!!ck K ib Kwgk bi m`m Dcgnv ` ki cöl vz weávbx gynv ` Kz`ivZ-B-Lỳ v ( ) wk ve e 'vi A bk ÎywUi D jøl K ib Ges wk ve e 'vi Avg~j cwiez bi K_v e jb wzwb!!` ki Dbœq bi Rb cö qvrbxq wk ve e 'v M o!!zvjvi cö qvrbxqzvi Ici!!Rvi!!`b wkš` wzwb cökœ!!zv jb, ÒWhat really are our requirements? Some people say that in a Muslim state the education should give a chance to the country to become and live the life of good Muslims. Is it then the necessity of making the country religious through education and thus the much expected improvement will come?ó 27 wzwb e w³ I mgv Ri Dbœq bi j cövk&-cöv_wgk!!_ K wek we` vjq Íi ch ší GKwU wk v avivi cö Íve K ib!!mlv b wzwb ag wk v K A ^xkvi K ibwb eis hviv ag wk v MÖnY Ki Z Pvq Zv `i!!m ^vaxbzvi cöwz c~y gh v`v w` q wzwb cö_g!!_ K D PZi ch ší ag wk vi GKwU Avjv`v aviv M wói cö Íve K ib ag wk vi bv g cöv_wgk Í i eva Zvg~jK welq wn m e Aviwe I D` yi cöpjb m ú K wzwb ` p I úófv e e jb, ÒA severe blow to primary education was felt a few years ago,

10 30 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv by introducing Arabic and Urdu as compulsory subjects in primary schools.ó 28 wzwb g b K ib A b K Aviwe A ii mv _ Bmjvg a g i GKUv mgvšíivj m úk 'vcb K i gvz fvlvi PvB Z Aviwe I D` y fvlvi cöwz!!ewk AbyivM cökvk K i _v Kb a g i wfwë Z ivó«cöwzwôz niqvi Kvi Y cö_g!!_ KB cvwk Ív bi ivó«xq I wk vi bxwzgvjv cöyq b GKwU we kl!!köwy AvwacZ cöwzôvi cö Póv Pvjvq Kwgkb 15 erm ii g a 6!!_ K 15 eq ii!!q j g q `i Rb me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK Ges A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk v Pvjy Kivi mycvwik K i Z e Ae 'vi DbœwZ bv niqv ch ší 6!!_ K 11 eq ii!!q j g q `i Rb wd«cöv_wgk wk v Pjgvb _vk e Ges cöv_wgk yj ch ší mnwk v _vk e Z e we kl e wzµgx!!kvb Ae 'vi D e bv n j!!g q `i Rb Avjv`v!!Kvb yj cöwzôv Kiv n e bv GQvovI Kwgkb mycvwik K i!!h, cöv_wgk yj ch ší mevi Rb GKB ikg wk v c wz Pvjy _vk e mv j hy³d«u mikvi!!h GKyk `dvi RbwcÖq `vwe wb q gzvq G mwqj Zvi g a GKwU `vwe wqj eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez b wkš` GB mikvi eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez b Ki Z cv iwb bvbv Kvi Y, Gi g a Ab Zg KviY wqj A_ bwzk me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez bi Rb!!K `«xq mikv ii KvQ!!_ K A_ eiv Ïi!!h cöz vkv Kiv n qwqj!!kl ch ší Zv cviqv hvqwb Gi d j bvbv ai bi mgm v!!`lv!!`q,!!hgb- we` vjqm n, wk v DcKiY BZ vw`i Afve, cöwz y j cvupwu!!köwyi Rb gvî wzbrb wk K, we` vjq cwi`k b e e 'v h _ó bv _vkv Ges eva Zvg~jK wk v cöez bi Rb e vck mymgwš^z cö ẁzi Afve 1957 mvj!!_ K eva Zvg~jK GjvKvi cöv_wgk yj wj K Ög WjÓ I Öbbg WjÓ y j cwiyz Kiv nq 30 cö_g câevwl K cwikíbvq ( ) cwðg cvwk Ív b 4000 cöv_wgk we` vjq e w i cwikíbv Kiv nq Ab w` K c~e cvwk Ív b 6000wU we` vj qi e `MZ Dbœq bi cwikíbv Kiv nq GB e `MZ Dbœq bi g a wqj cö ewkkv cvk wk K `i!!ezb e w Ges fv jv BgviZ wbg vy GQvov hw` wbw` ó mg qi g a 6000wU we` vj qi Dbœqb m e nq Zvn j GB cwikíbvi gva g Village Aid Gi Aax b cvwk Ív bi Dfq As ki Rb AwZwi³ wkqy msl K cöv_wgk we` vjq 'vcb ev DbœxZ Kivi cö Íve Kiv nq cöv_wgk we` vj qi GB mshyw³ Ges Dbœq bi d j QvÎQvÎx wbeü bi cwigvy evov bv n e cwðg cvwk Ív b 6 j Ges c~e cvwk Ív b 4 j 31 wk v ms vi Kwgk bi wi cvu cökv ki K qk gvm cib AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi!!bz Z vaxb mikvi gzvp yz nq mvgwik kvmb Rvwii!!cÕ vcu ˆZwii Rb gymwjg jx Mi!!K `«xq!!bz Z c~e cvwk Ív b wewfbœ ikg mgm vi m wó K i d j wi cvu wu MYgyLx n ji Zv ev Íevqb m e nqwb RvZxq wk v Kwgkb wi cvu 1959 I cöv_wgk wk v 1958 mv ji 30 ww m ^i cvwk Ívb mikvi KZ K M nxz GKwU cö Íve Abyhvqx RvZxq wk v Kwgkb wb qvm Kiv nq GB Kwgk bi!!pqvig vb wq jb Gm. Gg. kixd,

11 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 31!!m µuvwi, wk v wefvm, cwðg cvwk Ívb Gi m`m wq jb 8 Rb GQvovI Kwgkb 4 Rb wewkó wk vwe` K K qkwu ˆeV K AskMÖn Yi Avgš Y Rvbvb Zvuiv n jbhy³iv ó«i eøywgsubw 'Z BwÛqvbv wek we` vj qi!!cõwm W U W±i nvig vb we. I qjm Ges wcumevm w 'Z Kv b Mx BÝwUwUDU Ae!!UK bv jvwri!!cõwm W U W±i Rb wm. Iqvb vi, cvwk Ív bi AvB. GBP.!!Kv ikx I Aa vck W±i Avãym mvjvg 32 GB PviR bib wk v Î e vck AwfÁZv wqj c~e cvwk Ív bi m`m wqj PviRb hv `i g a `yb Rb wq jb wk v cökvm bi, GKRb A_ bxwzwe` Ges GKRb cö KØkjx Aa vck!!pqvig v bi bvgvbymv i GwU kixd Kwgkb bv gi cwiwpz 1959 mv ji 5 Rvbyqvwi cvwk Ív bi Z`vbxšÍb!!cÕwm W U wdì gvk vj AvBqye Lvb Kwgk bi D Øvab K ib!!h cö Íve Abyhvqx Kwgkb MwVZ nq Zvi f~wgkvq ejv nq, ÒcvwK Ív bi ez gvb wk ve e 'v RvwZi Afve c~i Yi I cö qvrb!!guv bvi Rb h _ó b n RbM Yi AvKv ÿv Ges!!` ki mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk KvVv gvi mwnz mvgãm ivwlqv wk ve e 'v ch v jvpbv Ges wewfbœ Í i wk vi msne I mylg Dbœq bi wbðqzv weavbv _ wk ve e 'vi ms vi I cybm V bi h_v hvm cš'v mycvwik Kivi Rb GKwU Dchy³ cöwzôvb MVb Kiv Avek K nbqv cwoqv Q Ó 33 5 Rvbyqvwi 1960 mv j gwš mfv ch vqµwgkfv e RvZxq wk v Kwgk bi PvikZ c ôve vcx wi cvu ch v jvpbv ïiæ K i Ges ch v jvpbv cix vwbix v P~ovšÍ n j!!cõwm W Ui gwš mfv 1960 mv ji Rvbyqvwi Z wk v Kwgk bi wi cvu Aby gv`b K i 34 cöv_wgk wk vi mycvwikmg~n Kwgkb g b K i ` Rbkw³ I eyw gvb bvmwik M o!!zvjvi Rb cöv_wgk Í i eva Zvg~jK wk v cö qvrb 1947 mv j cö_g wbwlj cvwk Ívb wk v m j b me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK wk v cöez bi cö Íve `xn GMv iv eq ii ev ÍevwqZ bv niqvq Kwgkb me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK wk v cöez bi Ici iæz Av ivc K i DbœZ!!` ki b vq Kwgkb AvU eqi!!gqvw` eva Zvg~jK wk vi mycvwik K i!!mb m ½ Kwgkb mycvwik K i!!h, cö_ g cvup eq ii cöv_wgk wk v K me Rbxb I eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e Ges `k eq ii g a GB j AwR Z n j ciez x c bi eq ii g a AvU eqi!!gqvw` wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e 35 cöv_wgk ch v q wkï `i S i covi nvi!!ewk weavq wkï `i fwz i ci cvup eqi!!gqvw` cöv_wgk wk v wbwðz Kivi Rb Kwgkb `ybwu c` ci K_v D jøl K i cö_gz, cöv_wgk we` vj q fwz niqv!!g q `i bq eqi ev `k eqi A_ev ZviI!!ewk mgq A_ vr hzw`b ch ší cöv_wgk wk v mgvß bv nq ZZw`b ch ší we` vj q ivlv eva Zvg~jK Kiv; wøzxqz, cvup eq ii wkqy!!ewk mgqmxgvi mkj wkïi Rb µgvš^ q eva Zvg~jK wk v cöez b GB D Ï k cvwk Ív bi cöwzwu A j Gi wbr ^ c wz wbiƒc Yi ^vaxbzv _vk e cöv_wgk we` vj q eq i me wbgœ 200 w`b Kvh w`em n e, hvi g a cö_g I wøzxq!!köwyi Rb mßv n 26 NÈv Ges Z Zxq, PZy_ I câg!!köwyi Rb mßv n 30 NÈv mgq we` vj q e q Ki Z n e 36

12 32 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv cöv_wgk wk vi A_ ms vb, cwipvjbv I wbqš Y eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez bi Rb cö qvrbxq Znwej I A _ i cwigvy!!ewk niqvq Kwgkb GB A _ i ms 'v bi Rb mikvi Ges 'vbxq RbmvaviY K we kl D ` vm MÖnY Kivi K_v e jb 'vbxq RbmvaviY K Rwg, M n, AvmevecÎ I wk v`v bi DcKiYvw` mieivn Ges wk K `i Rb M n ms 'v bi e e 'v Ki Z mycvwik K i Kwgkb Z e mikvi we kl!! Î Ges A_ bwzk w`k!!_ K AbybœZ A ji Rbmvavi Yi Rb Avw_ K mvnvh `vb Ki e cwipvjbv e q wbe v ni Rb cwðg cvwk Ív b!!rjv wfwë Z Ges c~e cvwk Ív b gnkygv wfwë Z GKwU we kl Ki av h i gva g kzkiv 50 fvm A_ ms 'vb Ki Z n e cöv `wkk mikv ii mvaviy ivr ^ Avq n Z Aewkó 50 fvm A _ i ms 'vb Ki Z n e!!rjv I gnkygvmg~ ni Avw_ K m½wzi cökœ we epbv Ges cðvrc` I `wi`«aâjmg~ ni cö qvrb m ú K h_v hvm iæz `v bi ci cö Z K!!Rjv I gnkygvi Rb Avw_ K gãywi ev eiv Ïi cwigvy wba viy Ki Z n e 37 cwi Qbœ fvlvq cwic~y RvZxq wk v Kwgk bi (1959) wi cv U mw` Qv Ges AvcvZ A bk Avk vm wqj KviY bzyb mvgwik mikv ii!!cq b Rbmg_ b wqj bv `k-ev iv eq ii ivr bwzk AwbðqZvi ci mvgwik mikvi!!h!!`k cwipvjbvi `vwqz wb q Q Zvi j niqv DwPZ wqj GKwU Kj vyki ivó«cöwzôv Kiv!!hLv b mvgvwrk mywepvi cöwzwôz n e Z e mvgwik mikvi GgbwUB Avk vm w` qwqj wkš` GB Avk v mi k~b Mf Zv cökvk cvq ZLbB hlb!!`lv hvq cöv_wgk wk vi iæz ^xkvi K ii Gi `vq`vwqz mikvi K wb Z ejv nqwb MÖv g-m à yjni wbg vye qmn hvezxq `vwqz MÖv gi `wi`«rbmvaviy KB enb Ki Z ejv n q Q!!Rvi mycvwik Kiv n q Q KwZcq DbœZgv bi AvevwmK y ji Rb wk v KvVv gvi e vck YMZ!!K bv cwiez b bv NwU q!!ek wkqy cöwzôvb M o I V mgwói ^v_ Pvcv c o Ges Ab w` K KwZcq fvm ev bi Rb mikvwi D ` v M AvevwmK e qeûj!!ek K qkwu yj cöwzwôz nq cöwzwu!!mbvwbevm GKwU K i e bw` yj Dc XØKb cvq!!` ki wkícwz `i KvQ!!_ K kixd Kwgk bi wi cv U RvZxq wk vi j I Av`k e ³ Ki Z wm q cvwk Ív bi RvwZZ Ë i K_v evievi D V G m Q Kwgkb fvlvi cökœwu mh Zœ Gwo q!!m Q!!hLv b mvz eqi c~ e (1952) c~e cvwk Ív b HwZnvwmK fvlv Av `vj bi m~îcvz nq!!mlv b Kwgkb my KØk j fvlv m ú K e j, ÔcvwK Ív bi RvZxq fvlvi Rb hw` GKwU mvaviy ey gvjv cöez b Kwi ZB nq Zvnv nb j cweî!!kviavb hvnv Z!!jLv Ges hvnv mkj gymjgvbb cvv K i,!!mb Aviwei (bvm&l) `vwe wkqy ZB D c v Kiv hvq bv GQvovI hyw³ cö`k b Kiv nbqv Q!!h,!!ivgvb ey gvjv D` y I evsjvi g a!!kejgvî mvgvb cwigv YB GKwU mvaviy wel qi e e 'v Kwi Z cvwi e Õ 38 GQvovI kixd Kwgkb A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk vi aviyv K Aev Íe Kíbv e j gšíe K i Q Kwgk bi GB ai Yi gšíe K c~e cvwk Ív bi RbMY!!g b wb Z cv iwb Zviv Kwgk bi GB ai Yi gšíe K mikv ii wk v Î `vwqz bv wb q Rbmvavi Yi Ici!!m `vwqz Pvwc q!!`qvi `yiwfmwü e j g b K i

13 c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk wk v mgm v Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 33 cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi ci!!_ KB!!hLv b cöv_wgk wk vq AwaKZi iæz Av ivc Kivi cö qvrb wqj!!mlv b!!`lv hvq GB wk ve e 'v `viæyfv e Ae nwjz ^vaxbzvi cicib cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kivi `vwe DV ji mikvwi D`vmxbZvi Kvi Y `xn mg qi Zv ev ÍevwqZ nqwb A ezwbk eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk vi Rb A bkw`b a i Ki Av`vq Kiv n ji!!kvb A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk v cöewz Z nqwb!!rjv!!ev W i gva g cöv_wgk wk vi!!h e e 'v Kiv nq Zv AZ ší!!kvpbxq wqj cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K `i Ae 'v wqj AviI!!kvPbxq cöv_wgk we` vj qi GKRb cöwk Ywenxb (Untrained) wk K!!eZb!!c Zb UvKv Ab w` K GKUv mikvwi Awd mi Pvcivwk ïay gnvn fvzv (Dearness allowance)!!c Zb 24 UvKv!!_ K 27 UvKv GQvovI Zv `i!!ezb wqj cöv_wgk y ji GKRb cöwk YcÖvß (Trained) wk K!!eZb!!c Zb UvKv Ges iæ!!u«wbs y ji cöavb wk K (G.T Head Pundit)!!eZb!!c Zb UvKv 39 cöv `wkk ev R U!!hLv b wk vlv Z eivï evov bv `ikvi wqj!!mlv b eivï Kwg q!!`qv nq m bi ev R U mikvwi eiv Ïi mgv jvpbv K i cwil` m`m gijvbv L `Kvi Avãyi iwk` ZK evmxk e jb, wk vlv Z mv j 2!!KvwU 41 j 78 nvrvi UvKv eivï Kiv n ji ms kvwaz ev R U 39 j 74 nvrvi UvKv n«vm Kiv nq mv ji ev R U 1!!KvwU 96 j 21 nvrvi UvKv eivï Kiv nq Gi g a cöv_wgk wk vlv Z mv ji ev R U mivmwi mvnv h i Rb gvî 3 j 96 nvrvi UvKv eivï Kiv nq Ges yj!!ev W i gva g 5 j 97 nvrvi UvKv eivï!!`qv nq ms kvwaz ev R U mivmwi mvnv h i Lv Z 3 j 46 nvrvi UvKvq bvwg q Avbv nq A_ vr Avmj eivï n Z 50 nvrvi UvKv Kgv bv nq mv ji ev R U cöv_wgk wk vq mivmwi mvnv h i Rb gvî 3 j 7 nvrvi UvKv eivï Kiv nq hv c~ e i ev R Ui!!P q 89 nvrvi UvKv Kg 40 Gfv e cö Z K eq i ev R U cöv_wgk wk vq eivï n«vm Kiv nq A _ i Afv e c~e cvwk Ív bi eû yj eü n q hvq Gi cögvy cviqv hvq 1949 mv ji ww m ^ i!!k `«xq wk vgš x drjyi ingvb PÆMÖvg m` i G j!!mlvbkvi QvÎ mgvr Zvi D Ï k GKwU Ô LvjvwPwVÕ Rbmvavi Yi Rb cökvk K i G Z QvÎiv D jøl K i!!h- Òwkÿvi wfwë mỳ p nq cõv_wgk wkÿv Í i!!mb cõv_wgk wkÿvi GKRb wkÿk!!ezb cvb gvî 10 UvKv hv wbqwgz bq `xn Qqgvm!!eZb bv cviqvq bvwmiev `i GKRb wkÿk Lv` vfv e gviv hvb A_ vfve!!`wl q ïay PvUMuvi 813wU cövawgk we` vjq eü Kiv nq A_P wkÿvgš x mczœxk wejv Z wm q mvz jÿ UvKv e q K ib hv wejvwmzv Qvov wkqzb bq KviY GB A_ w` q mvzwu K j Ri wfwë 'vcb Kiv!!hZ G QvovI cõpzi A_ e q K i Aviwe nid cõez bi cõ Póv Pvjv bv nq GB wel q QvÎmgvR wkÿvgš xi ` wó AvKl Y K i Ó mv j!!`lv hvq GKgvÎ ivrkvnx!!rjvq 360wU cöv_wgk evjk Ges 300wU cöv_wgk evwjkv we` vjq Aejyß nq cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K `i A b K!!eu P _vkvi ZvwM `!!ckv cwiez b K i!!kd Pvlx,!!KD ev w`bgry i cwiyz nq 42

14 34 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv mv ji wbe vp bi c~ e hy³d«ui cöpvi cyw ÍKvq c~e cvwk Ív bi wk vi cöwz!!k `«xq mikv ii!!h Ae njv Ges ˆelg Zv úóiƒ c Zy j aiv nq 1954 mvj ch ší cövq 3 nvrvi cöv_wgk we` vjq eü Ges AviI yj e Üi AwfcÖv q wk KMY K Ach vß!!ezb AwbqwgZfv e!!`qv nq Ges y ji AvmevecÎ!!`qv eü Kiv nq D P wk vi Rb gv S gv S eivï Kiv n ji cöv_wgk Ges gva wgk we` vj qi Dbœq bi e vcv i cvwk Ívb mikv ii!!kv bv D ` vm!!`lv hvqwb 43 c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk we` vj qi cvupwu K v ki QvÎQvÎx `i Rb wzbrb wk K wbhy³ Kiv nq GZ ^í msl K wk K w` q GZ jv K vk Pvjv bv Ges myôyfv e wk v`vb m e bq cö_g câevwl K cwikíbvq ( ) cövq cvup nvrvi cöv_wgk we` vjq Zy j!!`qvi e e 'v Kiv nq c~e cvwk Ívb cvj v g U cvj v g U m`m G. Gd. Gg. Avãyj Rwjj GB Awf hvm wj Zy j a ib wzwb AviI e jb, c~e cvwk Ív bi gv`«vmv wk ve e 'vi Øviv wf yk`j m wó Qvov Avi wkqyb nq bv Aviwe wk vi cö qvrbxqzv _vk ji!!h wk v cöpwjz Av Q Zv Øviv ZKwei!!`qv Qvov Avi wkqyb nq bv cvj v g U m`m Avgxi Avjx LvbI Zvui e³e mg_ b K ib 44 c~e cvwk Ívb mikvi GKw` K cöv_wgk y ji msl v n«vm K i Q, Ab w` K mikvwifv e cöv_wgk wk v Dbœq bi K_v e j Q 1956 mv j mikvi cwikíbv!!ev W i wbku cö ` k 12 nvrvi DbœZ!!kÖwYi cöv_wgk we` vjq 'vcb, cö Z KwU we` vj q hv Z AvovBkZ QvÎ co Z cv i Zvi e e 'v, µ g µ g cöwzwu we` vj q cvuprb wk K wbhyw³i K_v e j Ab w` K cöv_wgk wk vlv Z e q n«vm Kiv nq cöv_wgk wk v wqj cöpðfv e Ae nwjz wk v_ xi Rxe b ˆkkeKvjB me vwak iæz c~y mgq wkï wk v_ xi Rb me vwak wep Y I Ávbx wk Ki cö qvrb cöv_wgk wk v K Av`k 'vbxq bv Kiv n j Dc ii Íi greyz nq bv d j `yb GKwU wcöcv iuwi yj I cvewjk yj Qvov wk ve e 'vi gvb Dbœqb m e nqwb mv ji gvp gv m me kl ev RU!!c ki ci cybivq ev RU!!ck Kiv nq 1956 mv ji!!m Þ ^i gv m GB mgq hy³d«u mikvi gzvq wqj cö_g evsjv fvlvi gva g GB ev RU!!ck Kiv nq `xn bq eqi cvwk Ívwb kvmk Mvôx Øviv kvwmz niqvq c~e cvwk Ív bi A_ bxwz!!f ½ c o hvi cöfve c o ev R U ev R U!!h eivï!!`qv n qwqj Zv Z!!`Lv hvq cö qvr bi Zyjbvq!!Kv_vI AvswkK,!!Kv_vI wmwk ev A a K ZvB cwil` m`m G. Gd. Gg. Avãyj Rwjj GB ev RU K GKwU wgdwbwmc vwjwui ev R Ui mv _ Zyjbv K ib wzwb e jb, cvwk Ív bi kzkiv 56 Rb!!jvK evm K i c~e cvwk Ív b Ges ivr ^i kzkiv 72 fvm!!hvmvq c~e cvwk Ívb A_P c~e cvwk Ív bi ev R U eivï 31/32!!KvwU UvKv Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b kzkiv 44 R bi Rb ev R U eivï 58!!KvwU UvKv 46 cöv_wgk wk vi fqven msk Ui K_v Zy j a ib gqgbwmsn!!rjv wk K m j bi Øvwesk Awa ek b mfvcwz Be«vnxg Lvu mfvcwzi fvl Y wzwb D jøl K ib, wbgœ, ga I D P-me Í ii wk ve e 'vq dvuj a i Q wk K `i!!c U fvz!!bb, ci b Kvco!!bB, wp Ë kvwší!!bb, GgbwK mgv R B¾Z!!bB ZvB Giƒc cwi e ki Avg~j

15 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 35 cwiez b Qvov!!` ki wk ve e 'vi cök Z DbœwZ wkqy ZB m e bq GB mskugq Ae 'vi cöwzkv ii Rb wzwb g b K ib 'vbxq Gg. Gj. G Ges AwffveK `i gva g mikvi K!!evSv Z n e AvBb cwil ` wek we` vj qi!!hgb cöwzwbwa Av Qb!!Zgwb gva wgk I cöv_wgk wk K `i Rb c _K cöwzwbwa cvvv bvi e e 'v Ki j wk vi mgm v m ^ Ü mikvi AewnZ n e!!` ki cöwzwu Íi!!_ K wk v mgm vi welq wj Zy j ai j mikvi cöwzkvi Ki Z eva n e wzwb AviI e jb, Avgv `i wk v!! Îi hvezxq ÎywUi cöavb KviY n Q wk v`v b Ae e 'v Ges!!m Ae e 'v `~i Ki Z n j cöv_wgk!!_ K D P Íi ch ší cöwz Í ib PvB Dchy³!!eZ b cö qvrbxq msl K!!hvM wk K wb qvm 47 cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi cö_g!!_ KB cöv_wgk wk v A ezwbk I eva Zvg~jK Kivi `vwe DV ji Ges wewfbœ ms vi KwgwU G e vcv i mycvwik!!ck Ki ji `xn ermi AwZµvšÍ niqvi cii cöv_wgk wk v eva Zvg~jK I A ezwbk Kiv nqwb mikvwifv e cöpvi Kiv nq!!h, 1975 mvj bvmv` cöv_wgk wk v K me Rbxb I eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e 1959 mv j RvZxq wk v Kwgk bi wi cv U me Rbxb cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kivi mycvwik Kiv n ji mikvwi c!!_ K Rvbv bv nq 1970 mv ji g a Dfq A j cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e wkqyw`b ci GB mgqmxgv evwo q 1972 mv j ewa Z Kiv nq 1966 mv j ejv nq 1975 mv ji g a cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kiv n e c~e cvwk Ív b Qq!!_ K GMv iv eqi eq mi!!q j g q `i msl v 1966 mvj ch ší wqj cövq 1!!KvwU Ges Zv `i Rb cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj gvî 26 nvrv ii g Zv D jøl,!!`k fv Mi mgq c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj 29 nvrv ii!!ewk cöv_wgk wk v MÖn Yi Dchy³ eq mi!!q j g q `i GK-Z Zxqvsk gvî y j fwz niqvi my hvm cvq cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi A bk eqi AwZµvšÍ niqvi cii cöv_wgk we` vj qi boe o PvjvNi,!!Pqvi,!!Uwej,!!eÂ, Avjgvwi BZ vw` DcKi Yi Afv e wk vkvh µg cöpðfv e evavmö Í nq ejv hvq, G jv iæ gkvb qi cvvkvjvb i q hvq G wj Avevi cöwzwbqz eb v, So cöf wz cövk& wzk `y h v M wzmö Í nq 1965 mv ji R jv Q v m I N~wY S o GKgvÎ PÆMÖvg!!RjvqB!!`o nvrvi wk v cöwzôvb webó nq e j ZrKvjxb wk vgš xi fv l Rvbv hvq 1966 mv ji eb vq GKgvÎ gyýxmã gnkygv ZB wzbkz wk v cöwzôvb wzmö Í nq Ab vb eb v KewjZ GjvKv ZI GKB Ae 'vi M wó nq!!h mg Í wk v cöwzôvb wzmö Í nq!!m jv A_ vfv e Avi!!givgZ Kiv nq bv Avi wzmö Í we` vj qi 90 fvmb cöv_wgk we` vjq Gfv e iægkvb qi cvvkvjv aÿsm nq wkš` bzyb we` vjq 'vwcz nqwb cö_g câevwl Kx cwikíbvkv j ( ) wkqy msl K cöv_wgk we` vjq 'vwcz n ji wøzxq câevwl K cwikíbvq ( ) bzyb we` vjq 'vc bi!!kv bv w g MÖnY Kiv nqwb 1950 mv j c~e cvwk Ív b wupvm!!u«wbs BÝwUwUD Ui msl v wqj 93wU `k eqi ci!!m msl v 47wU Z!!b g Av m 48 cöv_wgk wk v we Ív ii GKwU eo AšÍivq wqj µgvmzfv e QvÎ!!eZ bi nvi e w Ges cy Í Ki D P g~j GQvovI cöwz eqi cövq cöwzwu K v k AwaKvsk cy ÍK cwiez b Kiv nq d j mvaviy bvmwik Ges

16 36 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv ga weë cwievi jv A_ bwzk Kvi Y mšívb `i cöv_wgk wk v w` Z e _ nq 49 d j cöwz eqi cöv_wgk we` vjq!!_ K!!ewki fvm wk v_ x S i c o GB S i covi (Drop-out) nvi cwðg cvwk Ív bi Zyjbvq c~e cvwk Ív b A bk!!ewk wqj 2bs mviwy Z Dfq A j wewfbœ eq i S i cov (Drop-out) wk v_ xi msl v!!`lvb nj 50 mviwy-2 eqi wj½ c~e cvwk Ívb cwðg cvwk Ívb QvÎQvÎx QvÎ QvÎx QvÎQvÎx QvÎ QvÎx c~e cvwk Ív bi Zyjbvq cwðg cvwk Ív b S i covi nvi wqj!!ek Kg 1960 mv j c~e cvwk Ív b 100 Rb wk v_ xi!!fzi wbeüb nvi wqj 21.2% hviv câg!!köwy ch ší!!cøuqvq A_P cwðg cvwk Ív b H GKB mg q GB nvi wqj 43.8% c~e cvwk Ív b mv j evwjkv `i cö_g!!möw!!_ K wøzxq!!möw ch ší S i covi nvi wqj 49% Ges cö_g!!köwy!!_ K câg!!köwy ch ší GB nvi wqj 80% XvKv Ges!!bvqvLvjx Z MÖvgxY cöv_wgk we` vj qi 251 Rb wk v_ xi Ici M elyvi djvd j Gi cöavb KviY wn m e cvwievwik mgm v!!hgb, evev-gvi Ae njv, `vwi`ª, we` vj qi e _ Zv, we` vj qi cöwz AvMÖ ni Afve,!!ewk eq m y j Mgb, evj weevn, gv`«vmvq fwz Ges hvzvqv Zi Rb hvbevn bi AcÖZyjZv K `vwq Kiv nq 1947 mv j cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi mgq c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj 29,334wU Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b wqj cövq 11 nvrvi wkš` mg q c~ e i Zyjbvq c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v K g Q, Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b!!e o Q 6 nvrv iii!!ewk A_ vr G mg q ( ) c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v (cöv_wgkc~e we` vjqmn) 26,600 Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b 17,504wU c~e cvwk Ív b G eqi cöv_wgk wk vq e q Kiv nq 3,68,98,897 iæwc D jøl, c~ e i eq i GB e q wqj 4,59,14,903 iæwc, A_ vr c~ e i Zyjbvq e q Kgv bv nq Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b Gmg q e q Kiv nq 5,62,98,000 iæwc Gmg q c~e cvwk Ív b wk v_ xi msl v wqj 31,82,293 Rb Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b 14,36,590 Rb cwðg cvwk Ív b mikvwi I!!emiKvwi e qi AbycvZ wqj 77:23 c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk wk vi wbqš Yfvi mikvwi I!!emiKvwi ch v q cöz I c iv fv e mikvwi wbqš Y wqj Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b gvî 38 kzvsk we` vjq mikvwi wbqš Y wqj mv j c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v, wk v_ x, wk K I e qi mv _ GKB mg q cwðg cvwk Ív b AMÖMwZ wqj A bk Y!!ewk

17 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 37 mg q cwðg cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj 17,504wU,!!mLv b mv j G m GB msl v `vuovq 28,338wU Z Ab w` K c~e cvwk Ív b GB msl v `vuovq 27,276wU Z hv 1947 mv j wqj 29,633wU cöv_wgk wk v Î mikvwi e qi e eavbi wqj D jøl hvm cwigvy!!hgb, mv j c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk vi Rb e q Kiv nq 4,82,49,318 iæwc; Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b GB e qi cwigvy wqj 8,36,81,100 iæwc 52 GB cwimsl vbb cögvy K i c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk v cvwk Ívb mikvi KZ K KZUv Ae nwjz wqj QvÎ mgm v I QvÎ Kj vy m úwk Z Kwgkb wi cvu 1966 I cöv_wgk wk v RvZxq wk v Kwgk bi (1959) wi cvu ev Íevqb ïiæ n j Ges XvKv wek we` vjq AwW b vý 1961 Rvwi n j cö_ g c~e cvwk Ív b I c i cwðg cvwk Ív b `ye vi QvÎ Av `vjb ïiæ nq 1962 mv ji 17!!m Þ ^i!!`ke vcx wk v Kwgk bi weiæ nizvj cvwjz nq cwðg cvwk Ív bi QvÎ Av `vjb!!rvi`vi nq GB Av `vjb µ g mikvi we ivax ivr bwzk Av `vj b iƒc!!bq!!` ki!!cõwm W U wbe vp b QvÎ msmvb jv!!cõwm W U c`cöv_ x wg mm dv Zgv wrbœvn K mg_ b K i XvKv, KivwP, jv nvi I!!c kvqv i QvÎ Av `vjb Zxe«AvKvi aviy K i 1964 mv ji 10 I 11 ww m ^i QvÎcywjk i³ qx msn l wjß nq!!` ki GB mskugq gyn~ Z cvwk Ív bi!!cõwm W U wdì gvk vj AvBqye Lvb QvÎ `i mgm v wbim bi Rb GKwU D P gzvm úbœ Kwgkb MVb K ib 53 cvwk Ívb mikv ii wk v gš Yvj qi bs Gd 7-3/64-B-B-1, ZvwiL : 15 ww m ^i 1964 mv j QvÎ mgm v I Kj vy m úwk Z Kwgkb MwVZ nq GB Kwgk bi!!pqvig vb wq jb wepvicwz nvgy`yi ingvb!!pqvig v bi bvgvbymv i GwU nvgỳ yi ingvb Kwgkb bv g cwiwpz nvgỳ yi ingvb wk v Kwgk bi wk v welqk bzyb!!kvb wk vbxwz cöyq bi D Ïk wqj bv!!cõwm W U QvÎ we v fi KviYmg~n AbymÜvb I kixd Kwgk bi cöwz e`b ch v jvpbv Kivi Rb B GB Kwgkb MVb K i Kwgk bi D Ïk m ú K!!cÕwm W U gyjzv b!!nvlyv K ib, ÒA high power commission would be appointed to investigate into the problems of the students.ó 54 Kwgkb wewfbœ e w³ I msmvb KZ K cö`ë cö Íve we kl K i QvÎ `i 22 `dv `vwe LÐb K i RvZxq Kwgk bi wi cvu (1959) ev Íevq bi c B gzvgz!!`q cvwk Ív bi Dfq AÂj!!_ K QvÎiv cöv_wgk wk v K Avewk K I A ezwbk Kivi `vwe Rvbvq cwðg cvwk Ív bi QvÎ `i `vwe wqj cöv_wgk wk v A ezwbk I Avewk K Ki Z n e cö ewkkv ch ší, Z e G wel q!!kvb mgqmxgv wba viy Kiv nqwb Ab w` K c~e cvwk Ív bi QvÎ `i `vwe wqj 1970 mv ji g a Aóg!!kÖwY ch ší Ges 1975 mv ji g a `kg!!köwy ch ší cöv_wgk wk v A ezwbk I Avewk K Ki Z n e Dfq cvwk Ív bi QvÎivB wkûvimv U b Ges Bs iwr gva gi we` vjq DwV q w` q me we` vj q GKB wk vµg Pvjy Kivi Av e`b Rvbvq 1960 mvj ch ší cwðg cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj cövq 18,000wU Ges c~e cvwk Ív b cövq 26,300wU wøzxq câevwl K cwikíbvq ( ) cwðg cvwk Ív b 15,200wU bzyb cöv_wgk

18 38 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv we` vjq cöwzôvi K_v ejv nq Ab w` K c~e cvwk Ív bi 15,300wU we` vj qi gvb Dbœq bi wm vší M nxz nq mikvi Dfq A j cöv_wgk wk v K 5g!!kÖwY ch ší 1970 mv ji g a A ezwbk I Avewk K Kivi `vwe MÖnY K i cwðg cvwk Ív bi wk v Dc `óv Ges mikvi g b K i `k eq ii g a wk v K Avewk K Kiv m e, wkš` c~e cvwk Ív b GB mg q cöv_wgk wk v K A ezwbk Ki Z cvi ji Avewk K Kiv m e bq!!kbbv, c~e cvwk Ív b yjmvgx wk v_ x `i S i covi nvi!!ewk!!hgb mv j wk v_ xi msl v wqj 42,78,000 Rb hvi g a 32,00,000 Rb wk v_ xb S i c o wkš` cwðg cvwk Ív b mikvwi cöwz iv ai Kvi Y GB S i covi nvi A bk Kg wqj 55 c~e I cwðg cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K `i!!ez bi ZviZg wqj!!hgbc~e cvwk Ívb 1. cö ewkkv cvm (cöwk YcÖvß) iæwc 2. cö ewkkv cvm (cöwk Y e ZxZ) iæwc 3. cö ewkkv cvm bb (cöwk YcÖvß) iæwc 4. cö ewkkv cvm bb (cöwk Y e ZxZ)-45 iæwc (wba vwiz) cwðg cvwk Ívb 1. cö ewkkv cvm cöwk YcÖvß (Junior Vernacular) iæwc 2. cö ewkkv cvm cöwk YcÖvß (Senior Vernacular) iæwc!! j 10 wm jkkb!!möw!!`qv n Zv ïaygvî wgwj y ji cöavb wk K K cwðg cvwk Ív bi Zyjbvq c~e cvwk Ív bi wk K `i!!ezb ch vß bv niqvq!!hvm e w³ cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K wn m e wk KZv!!ckvq Avm Z PvBZ bv Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív bi Ae 'v c~e cvwk Ívb A c v A bk fv jv wqj ZvB Kwgkb `ªæZ c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk K `i!!ezb cwðg cvwk Ív bi mgch v q Avbvi Ges cöwk YcÖvß cö ewkkv cvm wk K `i!!ezb!! j Kgc 100 iæwc Ges cöwk Y e ZxZ cö ewkkv cvm bb Ggb wk K `i!!ezb!! j AšÍZ 75 iæwc Kivi mycvwik K i 56 Z e Kwgkb g b K i!!u«wbs wenxb bb-!!gwu«k e w³ `i wk KZv Kv h wbhy³ Kiv DwPZ bq cövb fu wkûvimv U b, wl«vb wgkbvwi I Bs iwr gva gi yj we jv ci `vwe hyw³m½z bq e ji Kwgkb gšíe K i Kwgkb g b K i ivó«xq e e 'vcbvq Avi!!Kvb mywcwiqi yj cöwzôv Kiv DwPZ bq Ges Giƒc!!h mg Í cöwzôvb ez gv b Pvjy i q Q Zv Z mkj Dchy³ Qv Îi cö ekvwakvi!!`qv DwPZ Z Zxq câevwl K ( ) cwikíbvq c~e cvwk Ív bi 10 nvrvi Ges cwðg cvwk Ív bi 5 nvrvi wbe vwpz cöv_wgk we` vj q PZy_ I câg!!köwy Z cöv_wgk K wl!!kvm cöez bi!!h cwikíbv MÖnY Kiv nq Zv Z ivwš^z Kiv DwPZ e j Kwgkb mycvwik K i ag xq I ˆbwZK wk vi Rb cöv_wgk ch v q wøzxq!!köwy Z Aviwe ey gvjv I Kvq`v, m~iv I

19 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 39 K jgv gyl Í, cweî!!kviavb n Z Mí, DcK_v Ges gnvbwei Rxebx I gymwjg gnvgvbe `i Rxeb Av jvpbv Kiv DwPZ Ges wkï `i RvZxq msmxz, m~iv, BKevj I briæj Bmjv gi!!qv Uv!!Qv Uv KweZv Ave wë Kiv cõ qvrb e j g b K i Kwgkb cö_g `yb eq i GBme ag xq Av`k I bxwzmz wk v A_ c~y Mí I wkse`wšíi gva g cö`vb Kiv DwPZ 57 nvgỳ yi ingvb Kwgkb QvÎ Am šív li KviYmg~n AbymÜvb Kivi Rb wbhy³ n ji Kwgkb QvÎ `i m ^ Ü A bk AcÖxwZKi gšíe K i GQvovI Kwgkb kixd Kwgk bi (1959) wi cvu KB mg_ b K i d j c~e cvwk Ív bi QvÎiv GB Kwgk bi cöwz e`b N Yvf i cöz vl vb K i Ges Av `vjb I we vf cö`k b K i GB Kwgk bi weiæ cöv_wgk Ae 'vq QvÎ `i cöej Am šívl!!`lv!!`qvq Ges cvk-fviz hy K!!K `«K i we` gvb ivr bwzk cwiw 'wzi Kvi Y wk v Av `vjb ivr bwzk Av `vj b iƒc!!bq wk v wb q Am šívl we` gvb _vkvq ciez xkv j mikvi AviI GKwU Kwgkb MVb K i cvwk Ív bi bzyb wk vbxwzi Rb cö Íve, 1969 I cöv_wgk wk v cvwk Ív bi Z`vbxšÍb!!cÕwm W U wdì gvk vj!!gvnv ` AvBqye Lv bi wb ` kbvq cvwk Ívb mikv ii wk v gš Yvj qi `vwq Z wb qvwrz Gqvi gvk vj Gg. b~i Lv bi!!bz Z 1969 mv ji RyjvB gv m bzyb wk vbxwz cöyqb Kivi Rb GKwU Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq GB Kwgkb wk v msµvší wel q `yb fv M Zv `i e³e Dc 'vcb K i cö_g fv M cöpwjz wk vi ÎæwU-weP ywz I mxgve Zv ey bv K i Zv cwiez bi c hyw³!!`lv bv nq wøzxq fv M cö qvrbxq mycvwik!!ck Kiv nq Kwgkb g b K i cöpwjz wk v e e 'v m šívlrbk bq ZvB cöpwjz e e 'vi cwiez b K i cvwk Ív bi ivr bwzk, mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk cö qvr bi m ½ m½wz!!i L wk ve e 'v M o Zyj Z n e Kwgkb cöpwjz wk ve e 'v RvZxq HKgZ _vkv, RvZxq Dbœq b wk vi!!ÿ Î iæz v ivc bv Kiv,!!eKvi Z i nvi e w, wkÿvi gvb wbgœmvgx niqv BZ vw` ÎæwUi K_v D jøl Kiv nq 58 bzyb wk vbxwzi D Ïk bzzb wkÿvibxwzi D Ïk m ú K Kwgk bi mycvwik wqj!!h, Bmjv gi fveavivi Ici wbf i K i mvaviy mvs wzk g~j eva cõwzôv, wkw Z mgvr M o!!zvjv, ˆeÁvwbK wk v I KvwiMwi wk vi Dbœq bi cõwz AwaK iæz v ivc,!!gavex `i wk v!!ckvq AvK ó Kiv, RvZxq HK cõwzôvq wk v K kw³ wn m e e envi Kiv BZ vw` Kwgkb gv`«vmv jv K mvaviy y ji mv _ GKxf~Z K i Bmjvwg fveaviv A yy&y ivlvi, cöv_wgk we` vjq I wbgœgva wgk we` vjq K GKxf~Z K i Elementary y j iƒcvšíwiz Kivi, wk v cökvmb K we K `«xkiy Kivi, wk K!!eZb e w mn wewfbœ ms v ii mycvwik K i GQvovI Kwgkb g b K i,!!ek wkqy cöwzeükzvi Kvi Y wk v!! Î AMÖMwZ e vnz n Q,!!hgb- ag xq cöwzeükzv, fvlvmz cöwzeükzv, myweav fvmx `i evav, K v WU yj-k jr wk v BZ vw` mv j MwVZ b~i Lvb Kwgk bi mycvwikmg~n c~ e i Kwgkbmg~ ni Zyjbvq A bkuv AMÖmigvb wqj Gi wbqš Y I

20 40 c~e cvwk Ív bi cõv_wgk wkÿv cökvmb msµvší mycvwikmg~n MÖnY hvm wqj, Z e GB Kwgk bi A bk fv jv mycvwik _vk ji DbmËi mv ji Pig ivr bwzk D ËRbvi Kvi Y GB Kwgk bi wi cvu MÖnY hvm nqwb MYZvwš K ` wó Z kvm Ki cöwz hlb RbM Yi!!Kv bv Av 'v _v Kbv ZLb!!mB kvmk hzb `~i`k x bzyb wewa cöyqb Kiæb Zv RbMY mn R!!g b wb Z cv i bv 1971 mv ji 16 ww m ^i werq AwR Z bv niqv ch ší c~e cvwk Ív bi wbgœ Íi!!_ K D P ch v q wk v!! Î 'weizv weivr K i d j GB mgqkv ji g a wk v wb q mikvi Avi!!Kv bv c` c MÖnY K iwb Dcmsnvi cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi ci!!_ KB cvwk Ívwb kvmk Mvôx c~e cvwk Ív bi wk ve e 'v K aÿsm Kivi Rb Bmjvwg iv ó«i ARynv Z mskxy mv cõ`vwqkzvi wfwë Z wk ve e 'v cybm V bi!!póv K i mikvi Jcwb ewkk wk ve e 'vi YMZ!!Kv bv cwiez bi w` K bv wm q c~e cvwk Ív bi RbM Yi ivr bwzk D Ïk, `k b, weávb I g~j ev ai cöwz we `ygvî m vb cö`k b bv K i wk ve e 'v!!x j mvrvevi!!póv K i y ji cvv cy Í Ki fve, fvlv I welqe ` K cvwk ÍvwbKi Yi e vck cö Póv P j cvv cy Í Ki fvlvi BmjvwgKi Yi Rb welqe ` cöavbz Avie RMr I cwðg cvwk Ívb!!_ K Avg`vwb Kiv nq cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi ïiæ ZB 1947 mv j KivwP Z AbywôZ wk v m j b Jcwb ewkk we«wuk kvmk `i cöewz Z wk ve e 'vi Avg~j cwiez b K i RvZxq ^v _ GKwU MYgyLx wk ve e 'v cöez bi!!kv bv mycvwik Kiv nqwb ev wk ve e 'vi!!gøwjk!!kvb cwiez bi K_v ejv nqwb GB m j b cvwk Ív b GKwU Bmjvg ag wfwëk wk ve e 'v M o!!zvjvi K_v úó K i ejv nq A_ bwzk mxgve Zvi KviY!!`wL q hlb c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk wk v axi MwZ Z AMÖmi n q Q, ZLb GKB mg q cwðg cvwk Ív b wk vq `ªæZ Dbœqb N U Q cvwk Ívb cöwzôvi ci c~e cvwk Ív b wk v_ xi msl v!!e o Q kzkiv 30 fvm Ges Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b GB msl v e w cvq kzkiv 300 fvm Avw_ K mgm vi KviY!!`wL q c~e cvwk Ív bi eû yj eü Kiv nq, Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b GB msl v eû Y e w cvq c~e cvwk Ív b cö_g!!köwyi 100 Rb wk v_ xi g a wøzxq!!köwy Z 40 Rb Ges câg!!köwy Z gvî 15 Rb!!cØuQvq Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b câg!!köwy ch ší!!cøuqvq 38 Rb mv j c~e cvwk Ív b cöv_wgk we` vj qi msl v wqj 29,633wU Ges cwðg cvwk Ív b 11 nvrvi wkš` mv j c~e cvwk Ív b GB msl v `vuovq 28,908wU Z, Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b Zv e w cvq 46 nvrv i 62 c~e cvwk Ív b yj eqmx QvÎ msl v evo ji Ae njvrwbz GK m PZb bxwzi gva g cöv_wgk y ji msl v n«vm Kiv nq Ab w` K cwðg cvwk Ív b GB msl v e w Kiv nq kzkiv 350 fvm cwðg cvwk Ívwb wkï `i GKwU DbœZZi wk vi my hvm j Kiv hvq c~e e½ wk ve e 'v cybm Vb KwgwU (1951) cöv_wgk wk v K eva Zvg~jK Kivi mycvwik K i 1951 mv j cöv `wkk cwil `!!e½j cövbgvwi GWy Kkb A v±-gi gva g eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v Pvjy Kiv nq!!k `«xq mikv ii KvQ!!_ K cöz vwkz A_ bv cviqvq `yb eqi ci GB cökí eü n q hvq 1954 mv j hy³d«u mikvi!!h GKyk `dvi RbwcÖq `vwe wb q gzvq Av m

21 Jagannath University Jounal of Arts 41 Zvi g a Ab Zg GKwU `vwe wqj eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk v cöez b wkš` mikvwi mvnvh ch vß bv _vkvq Zv e _ n q hvq 1957 mv j eva Zvg~jK yj wj K g Wjbbg Wj y j cwiyz Kiv nq RvZxq wk v Kwgkb wi cv U (1959) me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk wk vi iæ Z i K_v ^xkvi Kiv n ji `ªæZ Zv ev Íevq bi c` ci K_v ejv nqwb cöv_wgk wk vi `vwqz mikvi K bv w` q Zv 'vbxq Rbmvavi Yi Ici Pvwc q!!`qv nq QvÎ mgm v I QvÎ Kj vy m úwk Z Kwgk bi (1966) gšíe wqj mikvi me Rbxb cöv_wgk wk ve e 'v cöez bi `vwqz m ú K m PZb n ji eva Zvg~jK e e 'v cöez bi mgq n q Q e j mikvi g b K ibv bzyb wk vbxwzi Rb cö Ívebvq (1969) cöv_wgk wk vi e vcv i!!kv bv cwiez bi K_v bv e j ejv nq cöv_wgk Ges wgwj yj K GKxf~Z K i!!gøwjk y j iƒcvšíwiz Kiv!!nvK Ges wk v cökvmb K we K `«xkiy Kiv!!nvK mikv ii Ae njv Ges ˆelg g~jk bxwzi Kvi Y c~e cvwk Ív bi cöv_wgk wk vq D jøl hvm!!kvb AMÖMwZ nqwb cvwk Ívb kvm bi cövq wmwk kzvãx a ii me Rbxb eva Zvg~jK I A ezwbk cöv_wgk wk v Pvjy Kiv nqwb Z_ m~î 1. we ÍvwiZ Z _ i Rb!!`Lyb- KvRx knx`yjøvn, cvvkvjv _ K yj, XvKv:evsjv GKv Wgx, Ryb 1994, c Proceedings of the First Meeting of the Advisory Board of Education Division, Government of Pakistan 1947, p g Z yäq ekmx, wk vi msw ß BwZnvm, KjKvZv, 1968, c Report on Public Instruction in East Bengal for the Period from August 15, 1947 to March 31, PP mv j DWm GWy Kkb!!Wmcv P (Woods Education Dispatch) Gi cö Íve Abyhvqx cöwzwu cö ` k GKwU K i bzyb wk v wefvm (Department of Education)!!Lvjvi K_v ejv nq Rbwk v cwipvjk (Director of Public Instruction) n eb GB wefv Mi cöavb, Zvu K mvnvh Ki e cö qvrbxq msl K cwi`k b Kg KZ v (Inspection Officers) Rbwk v cwipvj Ki `vwqz n e wk v msµvší mkj wel q wb ` kbv cö`vb Ges ZË veavq Ki f~wgkv cvjb Kiv mikv ii mxgve Zv we epbv K i D Wi!!Wmcv P!!m mg Í y j cvw_ e (Secular) wk ve e 'v _vk e Ges ch vß 'vbxq e e 'vcbvi Aaxb I mikvwi cwi`k b m Z Hme yj ^í cwigv Y n ji wk v_ x `i Rb!!eZb avh Ki e H mkj y j mikvi ÖMÖv U-Bb- GBWÓ e e 'v cöez b K i 1854 mv j D Wi!!Wmcv PB me cö_g GKwU me Rbxb wk v we Ív ii!! Î Kvh Ki e e 'v MÖn Yi AvnŸvb Rvbv bv nq Ges!!Wmcv Pi wb ` kbv Abyhvqx evsjv mikvi 1854 mv j Rbwk v cwipvjk K cöavb K i GKwU ^Zš wk v wefvm cöwzôv K i GmgqB me cö_g cöv_wgk wk vi DbœqbK í wkqy e e 'v MÖnY Kiv nq KvRx knx`yjøvn, c~ e v³, c Report on Public Instruction in East Bengal for the year p Ibid. p Ibid. p Proceedings of the Pakistan Educational Conference held at Karachi from 27th November to 1st December p Ibid. p Proceedings of the First Meeting of the Advisory Board of Education, 7-9 June 1948, Government of Pakistan. p Ibid. p. 47