Cross-Scale: multi-scale coupling in space plasmas

Transcription

1 Cross-Scale: multi-scale coupling in space plasmas Steve Schwartz on behalf of the international Cross-Scale community ( including 372 scientists from 23 Countries X supported by Masaki Fujimoto (ISAS/JAXA) Marie-Claire Perkinson (EADS Astrium UK Ltd) 1

2 Motivation 3 universal phenomena control plasmas Shocks Reconnection Turbulence Responsible for Particle acceleration Energy and momentum exchange Transport in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas 2

3 Observational Challenges Time-varying Fundamentally 3D 3 spatial & temporal scales electron ion fluid Nonlinearly coupled Collisionless Kinetic Plasma EM fields Can t sample distant astro-plasmas 3

4 How does the Solar System Work? How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? Acceleration? Energy partition? Variability? 4

5 How does the Solar System Work? How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? Acceleration? Energy partition? Variability? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? Initiation? Magnetic topology? Particle acceleration? 4

6 How does the Solar System Work? How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? Acceleration? Energy partition? Variability? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? Initiation? Magnetic topology? Particle acceleration? How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? Energy cascade? Anisotropies? Coherent structures? 4

7 State of the Art Cluster First 3D plasma measurements One scale at a time Results highlighted need for simultaneous multi-scale Success of mission extension also confirming need for all 3 scales in 3D 5

8 State of the Art Cluster MMS First 3D plasma measurements One scale at a time Results highlighted need for simultaneous multi-scale Success of mission extension also confirming need for all 3 scales in 3D Access to electron scales in 3D Only one scale at a time 5

9 State of the Art Cluster MMS First 3D plasma measurements One scale at a time Results highlighted need for simultaneous multi-scale Success of mission extension also confirming need for all 3 scales in 3D Access to electron scales in 3D Only one scale at a time THEMIS Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere Not universal cross-scale physics 5

10 Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks 6

11 Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks 6

12 Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks 6

13 Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection 7

14 Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection 7

15 Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection 7

16 Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence Large-scale motion Large amplitude Nonlinear fluid turbulence 8

17 Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence Ion kinetic waves Ion acceleration Non-local k transport? Large-scale motion Large amplitude Nonlinear fluid turbulence 8

18 Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence Ion kinetic waves Ion acceleration Non-local k transport? Whistler waves Electron trapping Dissipation Anomalous resistivity Large-scale motion Large amplitude Nonlinear fluid turbulence 8

19 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory 9

20 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory Mission Design Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload 10 km; 10 ms 9

21 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory Mission Design Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload Ion Scale: Targetted payload 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 9

22 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory Mission Design Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload Ion Scale: Targetted payload Fluid Scale: Context payload 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s 9

23 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory Mission Design Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload Ion Scale: Targetted payload Fluid Scale: Context payload Focus: coupling between scales 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s 9

24 Requirements Key Concepts Behaviour Behaviour of Simultaneous multi-scale Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma laboratory Mission Design Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload Ion Scale: Targetted payload Fluid Scale: Context payload Focus: coupling between scales Extensive payload at electron scale: JAXA SCOPE 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s 9

25 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Trave ling Sh ock s Re conne ction Turbule nce Turbule nce Turbule nce Re conne ction Sh ock 10

26 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Shocks Trave ling Sh ock s Re conne ction Turbule nce Turbule nce Sh ock Turbule nce Re conne ction 10

27 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Shocks Reconnection Trave ling Sh ock s Re conne ction Turbule nce Turbule nce Turbule nce Sh ock Re conne ction 10

28 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Shocks Reconnection Turbulence Trave ling Sh ock s Re conne ction Turbule nce Sh ock Turbule nce Re conne ction Turbule nce 10

29 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Shocks Reconnection Turbulence Launch up to 10 s/c via dispenser Separate SCOPE launch for 2 JAXA + 3rd party Extendable by other agencies 10

30 Orbit/Launch/Spacecraft Near-Earth space contains Shocks Reconnection Turbulence Launch up to 10 s/c via dispenser Separate SCOPE launch for 2 JAXA + 3rd party Extendable by other agencies Modular instrument bays to accommodate scale-specific minimal payload on standardised bus 10

31 Payload Full range in situ instrumentation EM Fields - AC and DC - 2D & 3D Electrons, ions, high energy - 3D distributions Inter-satellite ranging at smaller scales Deployed where needed to quantify coupling Strong heritage - TRL mostly 7-9 SCOPE comprehensive instrumentation Instr Spacecraft/Location on which Deployed electron ion fluid e 1-2 i 1 i 2-4 f 1-4 MAG F F F F ACB B B B B E2D ACEG ACEG ACEG E3D O EDEN Z Z Z ACDPU Z Z Z EESA BDFH CESA BF BDFH D ICA DH ECA AE HEP CG H ASP O CPP Z Z Z Z 11

32 Costs and Strategies Item Net Cost M Cost incl Margin Mission: 10 ESA s/c Minimal: 6 ESA s/c Payload Development 22 Payload FM 39 SCOPE (JAXA) Costs include studies, MOC, SOC, s/c design & build, dispenser, and launch 12

33 Risks and Critical Areas Item ESA Cost Payload Cost EESA/CESA development Instrument Failure Bus (X-band, bays, dispenser) Instrument Calibration Comments and Strategy Reduce ESA-supplied spacecraft; intern l partners # less than factor 2 existing; intern l interest Concrete concepts. Heritage instruments satisfy main science goals Deployment redundancy Schedule allows solutions or alternatives Pre-flight + cross-calib. + semi-autonomous post-processing; build on CAA Ops, data (incl. ESA experienced; + JAXA ground) These will be focus of Assessment Phase studies. 13

34 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. Fluid Scale Ene rgy drive r Boundary conditions Ele ctron Scale Diffus ion, conduction, s catte ring Controls EM coupling Controls acce le ration Ion Scale Mom e ntum s ource /s ink Cons traine d by m icros copic trans port (EM, e -) 14

35 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? 14

36 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? 14

37 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? 14

38 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? The mission uses 3D measurements in a totally new way to advance the coupling science is technically and financially feasible has extensive international interest; built on European leadership 14

39 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system, astrophisical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. Fluid Scale Ene rgy drive r Boundary conditions Ele ctron Scale Diffus ion, conduction, s catte ring Controls EM coupling Controls acce le ration Ion Scale Mom e ntum s ource /s ink Cons traine d by m icros copic trans port (EM, e -) 15

40 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system, astrophisical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? 15

41 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system, astrophisical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? 15

42 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system, astrophisical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? 15

43 Summary Cross-Scale addresses fundamental questions about how solar system, astrophisical, and laboratory plasmas work by simultaneously measuring the coupling between electron, ion, and fluid scales. How do shocks accelerate particles? How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? The mission uses 3D measurements in a totally new way to advance the coupling science is technically and financially feasible has extensive international interest; built on European leadership 15