Experimental study on dynamic viscosity of Mg(OH)2-ethylene glycol nanofluid

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1 The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran. ICHMT01-XXXX Experimental study n dynamic viscsity f Mg(OH)-ethylene glycl nanfluid Amin Asadi 1,Seyfllah Saddin * 1 Department f Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran; AminAsadi@gmail.cm * Assciate Prfessr f mechanical engineering, Department f Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran; S_Saddin@semnan.ac.ir Abstract In this paper, we aim t investigate the dynamic viscsity f the Mg(OH) -ethylene glycl(eg) nanfluid. The study is cnducted in different slid vlume fractins (0.1%, 0.%, 0.%, 0.%, 1%, 1.5%, and %) at the temperatures f 3 and 55⁰C. It shuld als be mentined that the average diameter f the nan-particle is nanmeter. Mrever, the Newtnian behavir f the nanfluid is evidenced by examining the shear rate f the nanfluid. The results prf that while the slid vlume fractin is increased, the dynamic viscsity is increased t. This increase is mre nticeable at lwer temperatures in cmparisn with higher temperatures. Keywrds: Dynamic viscsity, Temperature, Slid cncentratin, Mg(OH). Intrductin A suspensin f particles, in the scale f nan, in based fluid is called nanfluid. It is accepted that nanfluids are capable t prvide a nticeable heat transfer imprvement cmpared with cnventinal fluids; water and ethylene glycl. In recent years, due t the usage f the nanfluid in varius industrial applicatins such as thermal engineering systems (nuclear reactrs, slar energy etc.), researchers pay careful attentin t this field. Namburu et al. [1] measured the viscsity f CuOethylene glycl and water, experimentally. Their results indicate that the nanfluid shws the Newtnian behaviur in such mixture f EG-water in different slid vlume fractins (up t 0.0). Prasher et al. [], in an experimental investigatin, studied the effects f shear rate, temperature, size f the nanparticles, and slid cncentratin n the viscsity f Al O 3 based nanfluids. They declared that the viscsity is independent frm shear rate which prfed the nanfluids are naturally Newtnian. In anther empirical paper, Kulkarni et al. [3] measured the dynamic viscsity f CuOwater nanfluid in different slid vlume fractins (between 0.05 and 0.15). Their results state that the nanfluid shws the nn-newtnian behaviur in different temperatures (frm 5 t 50⁰C). Phuc et al.[], in an empirical study, investigated the effects f the slid cncentratin and the shear rate n the viscsity f Fe O 3 -diluted water nanfluid. Phuc et al. [5] studied the effects f the slid cncentratin and shear rate n the viscsity f Fe O 3 -wtaer nanfluid. Their results shw that at higher slid cncentratin, the nanfluid shws the nn-newtnian behaviur. In anther experimental study, Pak and Ch [], measured the dynamic

The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT01 19-0 Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran. viscsity f Al O 3 -water and TiO -water nanfluids.

$This study was applied in different slid vlume fractins (up t %) in rder t assess the dynamic viscsity f the nanfluids.$ $In additin, the impacts f slid vlume fractin and temperature n the dynamic viscsity f nanfluids are presented in sme experimental studies [7-1], which are cnducted by ther researchers.$

2 The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran. viscsity f Al O 3 -water and TiO -water nanfluids. The nanparticles which are used in the study have the mean diameter f 13 and 7 nm, respectively. This study was applied in different slid vlume fractins (up t %) in rder t assess the dynamic viscsity f the nanfluids. Furthermre, they bserved that the nanfluids viscsity increased nticeably while the slid vlume fractin is increased. In additin, the impacts f slid vlume fractin and temperature n the dynamic viscsity f nanfluids are presented in sme experimental studies [7-1], which are cnducted by ther researchers. Nanfluid preparatin As the experimental sample, the tw-step methd was used in rder t prduce the Mg(OH) -EG nanfluid withut using any surfactant. Furthermre, Mechanical mixture was used in rder t dispersing the nan-sized particles int seven slid vlume fractin such as 0.1%, 0.%, 0.%, 0.%, 1%, 1.5%, and %. Using the best methds f dispersin in this study, the samples are remained stable fr a lng perid f time (at least 7days) and n sedimentatin is nticed with naked eyes. Fig. 1 shws the prepared samples with tw step methd and TEM image f Mg(OH) (taken frm the cmpany). B Figure 1. A: Prepared nanfluid with tw-step methd B: TEM image fmg(oh) -ethylene glycl nanparticles with diameter f nanmeters Viscsity equipment Using Brkfieldviscmeter (LVDV-I PRIME) which is equipped with an UL adapter (Fig.) supplied by Brkfield engineering labratriesf USA, the viscsity f the nanfluid is measured. A Figure. Brkfield rhemeter

3 Dynamic viscsity (mpa.s) Dynamic viscsity The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran. Newtnian behavir There are sme cntradictry discussins abut the rhelgical behavir (Newtnian r nn- Newtnian). T take fr instance, a decrease in viscsity at different shear rates was reprted fr Al O 3 nanfluid by Kabelac and Kuhnke [15]. In anther investigatin, which cnducted n the viscsity f the TiO -water nanfluid, Fedele [1] has prfed that the nanfluid shws the Newtnian behavir. In the present investigatin, in rder t characterize the prduced nanfluid, the rhelgical behavir f Mg(OH) is investigated. The gverning equatin f the Newtnian behaviur f a nanfluid is defined as: τ=μγ Where τ, μ, and γ standing fr the shear stress, the shear rate, and the dynamic viscsity, respectively. The prcess f measuring the viscsity is dne by Spindle type Brkfield viscmeter. This measurement shws that the shear rate s features are mre r less linear. Thus, the results cnfirm Newtnian behavir fr the nanfluid ranging frm 0% t % slid vlume fractin. Viscsity as a functin f shear rate in different temperatures is demnstrated in Fig.3 and als it crrbrates the Newtnian behavir f the nanfluid T= 5 C T= 55 C T= 5 C Figure 3.Dynamic viscsity with respect t shear rate fr Mg(OH) -EG nanfluid at slid vlume fractin f 0.% Validatin A cmparisn between the results f the viscsity f ethylene glycl, which is measured in this study, and the results f a study cnducted by Yu et al. [17] is made in rder t evaluatin the validity f the measurement. Fig. displays these tw results in the clearest way. Mrever, this figure shws the accrdance f the results f this study with the results f Yu et al. Experimental data Yu et al Temperature Figure. Viscsity f ethylene glycl as a functin f Cmparisn temperature Using the experimental data and theretical equatins, the viscsity f Mg(OH) EG nanfluid is shwn in Fig.5. Regarding this figure, it can be nted that the rhelgical equatins have n satisfactry pwer in rder t make a thrugh predictin f the behavir f the nanfluid in different slid cncentratin Shear rate (RPM)

4 Dynamic Viscsity (mpa.s) Dynamic Viscsity (mpa.s) The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran Hemmat et al. (0.1 Vl.%) Hemmat et al. (0. Vl.%) Hemmat et al. (1.5 Vl.%) Experimental data (0.1 Vl%) Experimental data (0. Vl%) Experimental data (1.5 Vl%) slid vlume fractin and the viscsity f the nanfluid at lwer temperatures. In ther wrds, the viscsity is firmly depending n the slid vlume fractin especially at lwer temperatures, but this dependency is by far limited fr the higher temperatures. Mrever, the viscsity f the nanfluid is highly related t temperatures Temperature ( C) Figure 5. Cmparisn between experimental data versus Hemmat et al. [1] equatin Fig.5 and shw a cmparisn between the acquired experimental viscsities and ther tw crrelatins which presented by Hemmat et al.[1] and Batchelr [19], respectively Temperature ( C) Figure. Cmparisn between experimental data against Cnclusin Batchelr [19] equatin Experimental data (0.1 Vl%) Experimental data (0. Vl%) Experimental data (1.5 Vl%) Batchelr (0.1 Vl%) Batchelr (0. Vl%) Batchelr (1.5 Vl%) In this study, the dynamic viscsity f Mg(OH) - EG nanfluid is measured at tw temperatures (3 and 55⁰C) fr different slid cncentratins (0.1%, 0.%, 0.%, 0.%, 1%, 1.5%, and %). The results indicate that there is a direct relatin between the References [1] P.K. Namburu, D.P. Kulkarni, D. Misra, D.K. Das, Viscsity f cpper xidnanparticles dispersed in ethylene glycl and water mixture, Exp. ThermalFluid Sci. 3 (007) [] R. Prasher, D. Sng, J. Wang, P. Phelan, Measurements f nanfluidviscsity and its implicatins fr thermal applicatins, Appl. Phys. Lett. 9(00) 133. [3] D.P. Kulkarni, D.K. Das, G.A. Chukwu, Temperature dependent rhelgicalprperties f cpper xide nanparticles suspensin, J. Nansci. Nantechnl. (00) 1150e115. [] T.X. Phuc, M. Massudi, Experimental bservatins f the effects f shearrates and particle cncentratin n the viscsity f FeO3edeinized waternanfluids, Int. J. Thermal Sci. (009) 9e1301. [5] T.X. Phuc, M. Massudi, Experimental bservatins f the effects f shearrates and particle cncentratin n the viscsity f FeO3edeinized waternanfluids, Int. J. Thermal Sci. (009) 9e1301. [] B.C. Pak, Y.I. Ch, Hydrdynamic and heat transfer study f dispersedfluids with submicrn metallic xide particles, Exp. Heat Transfer 11 () (199)

5 The nd IranianCnferencenHeat and Mass Transfer-ICHMT Nvember,01, Faculty f Mech. Eng., SemnanUniversity, Semnan, Iran. [7] J.H. Lee, K.S. Hwang, S.P. Jang, B.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, S.U.S. Chi, C.J.Chi, Effective viscsities and thermal cnductivities f aqueus nanfluidscntaining lw vlume cncentratins f AlO3 nanparticles, InternatinalJurnal f Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (00) [] R. Prasher, D. Sng, J. Wang, P. Phelan, Measurements f nanfluidviscsity and its implicatins fr thermal applicatins, Appl. Phys. Lett. 9(00) 133. [9] P.K. Namburu, D.P. Kulkarni, D. Misra, D.K. Das, Viscsity f cpperxide nanparticles dispersed in ethylene glycl and water mixture,experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 3 (007) [] S.M.S. Murshed, K.C. Leng, C. Yang, Investigatins f thermalcnductivity and viscsity f nanfluids, Internatinal Jurnal f ThermalSciences 7 (00) [11] K. Kwak, C. Kim, Viscsity and thermal cnductivity f cpper xidenanfluid dispersed in ethylene glycl, Krea Australia Rhelgy Jurnal 17(005) [] D.P. Kulkarni, D.K. Das, G.A. Chukwu, Temperature dependentrhelgical prperties f cpper xide nanparticles suspensin, Jurnal fnanscience and Nantechnlgy (00) [13] B.X. Wang, L.P. Zhu, X.F. Peng, Viscsity, thermal diffusivity andprandtl number f nanparticle suspensin, Prgress in Natural Science 1(00) 9 9. [1] Mhammad Hemmat Esfe, Seyflah Saeddin, An experimental investigatin and new crrelatin f viscsity f ZnO EG nanfluid at varius temperatures and different slid vlume fractins [15] S. Kabelac, J.F. Kuhnke, Ann. Assembly Int. Heat Transfer Cnfer. 13, KN-11, 00. [1] Laura Fedele, Laura Clla, Sergi Bbb, Viscsity and thermal cnductivity measurements f waterbased nanfluids cntaining titanium xide nanparticles, Int. J. Refrig 35 (0) [17] Wei Yu, Huaqing Xie, Yang Li, Lifei Chen, Qiang Wang, Experimental investigatin n the thermal transprt prperties f ethylene glycl based nanfluids cntaining lw vlume cncentratin diamnd nanparticles, Cllids and Surfaces A: Physicchem. Eng. Aspects 30 (011) 1 5. [1] Mhammad Hemmat Esfe,Seyflah Saeddin, MstafaMahmdi,Experimental studies n the cnvective heat transfer perfrmance and thermphysical prperties f MgO water nanfluid under turbulent flw. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 5 (01) 7. [19] G. K. Bachelr, The effect f Brwnian mtin n the bulkstress in a suspensin f spherical particles, J. Fluidmech., vl. 1977,3 pp

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Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research Authr name / JHMTR () 47 Jurnal Heat and Mass Transer Research (4) 47-54 Jurnal Heat and Mass Transer Research Jurnal hmepage: http://jhmtr.jurnals.semnan.ac.ir Experimental investigatin and prpsed crrelatins