Thermodynamics: Reversibility and Carnot
|
|
- Laureen Morris
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Thermodynamics: Reversibility and Carnot
2 From Warmup It seems like this reading (for Friday) explained the homework assigned for Wednesday's lecture. Is homework based on the previous lecture, or the current reading assignment? HW on today s reading will be due on Monday. There is a lot of overlap between the today s lecture and Wednesday s lecture. Today s reading probably will help make homework based on Wednesday s reading (due today) more clear, but in principle all the information to do the HW due today was covered in Wednesday s reading and lecture.
3 Finishing up from last time Demos Sample engine problem
4 From Warmup We seem to be spending a lot of time discussing engines. Do these principles have more broad applications? Yes! The question we really want to answer is: what types of processes are possible? We use engines as a context for exploring that question. I'm not entirely sure on my answer as to why the Carnot Engine matters. Maybe we can discuss that a little further detail? The Carnot engine will help us find the dividing line between the possible and the impossible. Are reversible process only relevant for Carnot engines? No. Reversible processes are the dividing line between possible and impossible processes, even outside the context of engines.
5 Reversible Processes What's the difference between a reversible and an irreversible process? Reversible processes are at equilibrium at all points on the pv diagram. A reversible processes is impossible to attain and irreversible processes occur in nature.
6 Why do we care? The Carnot engine is completely impractical---because it has to operate reversibly, it would take it an infinite time to complete a cycle. (Even operating *almost* reversibly, it will take a long time to complete a cycle---it would still be impractical.) Why then do we bother? What is important about this engine? It sets a standard to base the efficiency of real engines on. It gives us an upper limit on engine efficiency.
7 The limit of what is possible All processes you could ever dream of. Things that could actually happen Things that are impossible Reversible Processes
8 Second Law of Thermodynamics Kelvin-Planck It is impossible to construct a heat engine that, operating in a cycle, produces no effect other than the input of energy by heat from a reservoir and the performance of an equal amount of work Work Heat in (Higher T) Engine
9 Second Law of Thermodynamics Classius Statement It is impossible to construct a cyclical machine whose sole effect is to transfer energy continuously by heat from one object to another object at a higher temperature without the input of work. Engine Exhaust out (Higher T) Heat in (Lower T)
10 Carnot Cycle All heat added/subtracted reversibly During constant temperature processes Isothermal processes are typically slow
11 Warmup review Why doesn t the Carnot engine have perfect efficiency? Who cares? It's not real anyway. Because the lowest temperature cannot be zero kelvin. Because it has to have a point in the cycle at 0 K, which we can't attain. There is always energy lost due to friction or the dissipation of heat. The correct answer: The second law of thermodynamics. Because entropy. No real process is truly reversible, and heat energy will dissipate randomly in such a manner that it cannot be controlled to perfection with work.
12 Carnot Theorem & the 2 nd Law Second law of thermodynamics: You can t fully convert heat into work Heat does not spontaneously flow from cold to hot You can t have an efficiency of 100% Carnot Theorem You can t even have that!
13 Laws of Thermodynamics 0: There is a game. 1: You can t win. 2: You can t break even, except on a very cold day. 3: It doesn t get that cold.
14 Hot Reservoir Cold Reservoir Carnot Theorem Heat Out (Higher T) Carnot Engine (Reversed) Heat In (Lower T) Work Heat in (Higher T) Super Engine Exhaust Out (Lower T)
15 Hot Reservoir Cold Reservoir What s wrong with this situation? Heat Out (Higher T) Reversed inefficient engine Heat In (Lower T) Work Heat in (Higher T) Carnot Engine Exhaust Out (Lower T)
Thermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes
Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes A thermodynamic system is described by an equation of state, such as the ideal gas law. The location of the state can be plotted on a p V diagram,
More informationChapter 12 Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 Thermodynamics 12.1 Thermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes System: definite quantity of matter with real or imaginary boundaries If heat transfer is impossible, the system is thermally
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 27. Lecture 26. Chapters 18, entropy and second law of thermodynamics Chapter 19, heat engines and refrigerators
Goals: Lecture 26 Chapters 18, entropy and second law of thermodynamics Chapter 19, heat engines and refrigerators Reading assignment for Wednesday: Chapter 20. Physics 207: Lecture 27, Pg 1 Entropy A
More information12 The Laws of Thermodynamics
June 14, 1998 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics Using Thermal Energy to do Work Understanding the laws of thermodynamics allows us to use thermal energy in a practical way. The first law of thermodynamics
More informationLecture 10: Heat Engines and Reversible Processes
Lecture 10: Heat Engines and Reversible Processes Last time we started discussing cyclic heat engines these are devices that convert heat energy into mechanical work We found that in general, heat engines
More informationPhysics 1501 Lecture 37
Physics 1501: Lecture 37 Todays Agenda Announcements Homework #12 (Dec. 9): 2 lowest dropped Midterm 2 in class Wednesday Friday: review session bring your questions Todays topics Chap.18: Heat and Work»
More informationChapter 16 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 16 The Second Law of Thermodynamics To examine the directions of thermodynamic processes. To study heat engines. To understand internal combustion engines and refrigerators. To learn and apply
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! (send me your net ID if
More informationReversible Processes. Furthermore, there must be no friction (i.e. mechanical energy loss) or turbulence i.e. it must be infinitely slow.
Reversible Processes A reversible thermodynamic process is one in which the universe (i.e. the system and its surroundings) can be returned to their initial conditions. Because heat only flows spontaneously
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! Physics 101: Lecture 28,
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 18. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 18 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 18 The Laws of Thermodynamics Units of Chapter 18 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Processes
More informationChapter 11 Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 11 Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines Heat engines use a temperature difference involving a high temperature (T H ) and a low temperature (T C ) to do mechanical work.
More informationSecond Law of Thermodynamics -
Second Law of Thermodynamics - REVIEW ENTROPY EXAMPLE Dr. Garrick 1/19/09 First Law of Thermodynamics you can t win! First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed the total energy
More informationΔU = Q W. Tue Dec 1. Assign 13/14 Friday Final: Fri Dec 11 2:30PM WALTER 145. Thermodynamics 1st Law. 2 nd Law. Heat Engines and Refrigerators
Tue Dec 1 Thermodynamics 1st Law ΔU = Q W 2 nd Law SYS Heat Engines and Refrigerators Isobaric: W = PΔV Isochoric: W = 0 Isothermal: ΔU = 0 Adiabatic: Q = 0 Assign 13/14 Friday Final: Fri Dec 11 2:30PM
More informationT s change via collisions at boundary (not mechanical interaction)
Lecture 14 Interaction of 2 systems at different temperatures Irreversible processes: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 19: Heat Engines and Refrigerators Thermal interactions T s change via collisions
More informationReversibility. Processes in nature are always irreversible: far from equilibrium
Reversibility Processes in nature are always irreversible: far from equilibrium Reversible process: idealized process infinitely close to thermodynamic equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) Necessary conditions
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics. First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationLecture 2 Entropy and Second Law
Lecture 2 Entropy and Second Law Etymology: Entropy, entropie in German. En from energy and trope turning toward Turning to energy Motivation for a Second Law!! First law allows us to calculate the energy
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationEntropy and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
CHAPTER 5 Entropy and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics Key Points Entropy, S, is a state function that predicts the direction of natural, or spontaneous, change. Entropy increases for a spontaneous
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! Physics 101: Lecture 28,
More informationChapter 20. Heat Engines, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 20 Heat Engines, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Armen Kocharian First Law of Thermodynamics Review Review: The first law states that a change in internal energy in a system can
More informationChap. 3 The Second Law. Spontaneous change
Chap. 3 The Second Law Spontaneous change Some things happen naturally; some things don t. the spontaneous direction of change, the direction of change that does not require work to be done to bring it
More informationBasic Thermodynamics. Prof. S. K. Som. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
Basic Thermodynamics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 06 Second Law and its Corollaries I Good afternoon, I welcome you all to this
More informationLecture 21: Introducing the Second Law, Irreversibilities
ME 200 Thermodynamics I Spring 2016 Lecture 21: Introducing the Second Law, Irreversibilities Yong Li Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai,
More informationConduction. Heat Transfer Methods. Conduction. Conduction
Heat Transfer Methods Conduction: Thermal kinetic energy passed from particle-to-particle along a length of material. Convection: Thermal energy carried by moving fluid. Radiation: Thermal energy carried
More informationActive Learners Reflective Learners Use both ways equally frequently More Inclined to be Active More inclined to be Reflective
Active Learners Reflective Learners Use both ways equally frequently More Inclined to be Active More inclined to be Reflective Sensory Leaners Intuitive Learners Use both ways equally frequently More inclined
More informationHeat Machines (Chapters 18.6, 19)
eat Machines (hapters 8.6, 9) eat machines eat engines eat pumps The Second Law of thermodynamics Entropy Ideal heat engines arnot cycle Other cycles: Brayton, Otto, Diesel eat Machines Description The
More informationIrreversible Processes
Irreversible Processes Examples: Block sliding on table comes to rest due to friction: KE converted to heat. Heat flows from hot object to cold object. Air flows into an evacuated chamber. Reverse process
More informationPhysics 121, April 29, The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Physics 121, April 29, 2008. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. http://www.horizons.uc.edu/masterjuly1998/oncampus.htm Physics 121. April 29, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: The Second
More informationFree expansion (Joule); Constant U Forced expansion (Joule-Kelvin); Constant H. Joule-Kelvin coefficient - heating or cooling on JK expansion?
...Thermodynamics Adiabats: How c P and c V get into the exponent PV γ Free expansion (Joule); Constant U Forced expansion (Joule-Kelvin); Constant H Joule-Kelvin coefficient - heating or cooling on JK
More informationExamples. Fire Piston (demo) Example (Comparison of processes)
Examples Fire Piston (demo) Fire Piston istory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fire_piston Example 19.68 (Comparison of processes) Fire piston calculations http://complex.gmu.edu/www-phys/phys262/soln/fire_piston.pdf
More informationPHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I
Welcome back to PHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I Photo: S. T. Cummins Photo: S. T. Cummins Announcements Today is our final class! We will first discuss more on Chapters 14-15 and then conduct a short
More informationThermodynamics Second Law Heat Engines
Thermodynamics Second Law Heat Engines Lana Sheridan De Anza College May 10, 2018 Last time entropy (microscopic perspective) Overview heat engines heat pumps Carnot engines Heat Engines Steam engines
More informationLaws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics The Three Laws of Thermodynamics - The first lawof thermodynamics, also called conservation of energy. We can use this knowledge to determine the amount of energy in a system, the
More informationThe laws of Thermodynamics. Work in thermodynamic processes
The laws of Thermodynamics ork in thermodynamic processes The work done on a gas in a cylinder is directly proportional to the force and the displacement. = F y = PA y It can be also expressed in terms
More informationEquivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements
Equivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements Violation of Clausius statement Violation of Kelvin-Planck statement Violation of Kelvin-Planck statement Violation of Clausius statement Violation
More informationCover Page: Entropy Summary
Cover Page: Entropy Summary Heat goes where the ratio of heat to absolute temperature can increase. That ratio (Q/T) is used to define a quantity called entropy. The useful application of this idea shows
More informationLecture 2.7 Entropy and the Second law of Thermodynamics During last several lectures we have been talking about different thermodynamic processes.
ecture 2.7 Entropy and the Second law of hermodynamics During last several lectures we have been talking about different thermodynamic processes. In particular, we have discussed heat transfer between
More information1. Second Law of Thermodynamics
1. Second Law of hermodynamics he first law describes how the state of a system changes in response to work it performs and heat absorbed. he second law deals with direction of thermodynamic processes
More informationThermodynamic Third class Dr. Arkan J. Hadi
5.5 ENTROPY CHANGES OF AN IDEAL GAS For one mole or a unit mass of fluid undergoing a mechanically reversible process in a closed system, the first law, Eq. (2.8), becomes: Differentiation of the defining
More informationChapter 16 Thermodynamics
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 16 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Introduction Another area of physics is thermodynamics Continues with the principle of conservation of energy
More informationAgenda. Chapter 10, Problem 26. All matter is made of atoms. Atomic Structure 4/8/14. What is the structure of matter? Atomic Terminology
Agenda Today: HW Quiz, Thermal physics (i.e., heat) Thursday: Finish thermal physics, atomic structure (lots of review from chemistry!) Chapter 10, Problem 26 A boy reaches out of a window and tosses a
More informationHalesworth U3A Science Group
Halesworth U3A Science Group Thermodynamics Or Why Things are How They Are Or Why You Can t Get Something For Nothing Ken Derham Includes quotations from publicly available internet sources Halesworth
More informationThe Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law
The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work Q W E =ΔE net net net, mass
More informationAtkins / Paula Physical Chemistry, 8th Edition. Chapter 3. The Second Law
Atkins / Paula Physical Chemistry, 8th Edition Chapter 3. The Second Law The direction of spontaneous change 3.1 The dispersal of energy 3.2 Entropy 3.3 Entropy changes accompanying specific processes
More informationI.D The Second Law Q C
I.D he Second Law he historical development of thermodynamics follows the industrial revolution in the 19 th century, and the advent of heat engines. It is interesting to see how such practical considerations
More informationLecture 9. Heat engines. Pre-reading: 20.2
Lecture 9 Heat engines Pre-reading: 20.2 Review Second law when all systems taking part in a process are included, the entropy remains constant or increases. No process is possible in which the total entropy
More informationLecture Notes Set 4c: Heat engines and the Carnot cycle
ecture Notes Set 4c: eat engines and the Carnot cycle Introduction to heat engines In the following sections the fundamental operating principles of the ideal heat engine, the Carnot engine, will be discussed.
More informationAdiabatic Expansion (DQ = 0)
Adiabatic Expansion (DQ = 0) Occurs if: change is made sufficiently quickly and/or with good thermal isolation. Governing formula: PV g = constant where g = C P /C V Adiabat P Isotherms V Because PV/T
More informationHeat What is heat? Work = 2. PdV 1
eat What is heat? eat (Q) is the flow or transfer of energy from one system to another Often referred to as heat flow or heat transfer Requires that one system must be at a higher temperature than the
More informationGechstudentszone.wordpress.com. Chapter 6. Vittal.K
Chapter 6 Vittal.K Leads Up To Second Law Of Thermodynamics Heat source T 1 Q +ve w possible. It is now clear that we can t construct a heat engine with just one +ve heat interaction. The above engine
More informationReversibility, Irreversibility and Carnot cycle. Irreversible Processes. Reversible Processes. Carnot Cycle
Reversibility, Irreversibility and Carnot cycle The second law of thermodynamics distinguishes between reversible and irreversible processes. If a process can proceed in either direction without violating
More informationChapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND VARIOUS THERMODYMIC PROCESSES
Chapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND VARIOUS THERMODYMIC PROCESSES Thermodynamics is that branch of science which deals with energy transfer A system may be closed, open or isolated system
More informationPhysics 9 Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Physics 9 Wednesday, February 29, 2012 learningcatalytics.com class session ID: 410176 Today: heat pumps, engines, etc. Aim to cover everything you need to know to do HW #8. Friday: start electricity (lots
More informationThermodynamics: More Entropy
Thermodynamics: More Entropy From Warmup Yay for only having to read one section! I thought the entropy statement of the second law made a lot more sense than the other two. Just probability. I haven't
More informationUniversity Physics (Prof. David Flory) Chapt_21 Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 1
University Physics (Prof. David Flory) Chapt_21 Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 1 Name: Date: 1. Let k be the Boltzmann constant. If the configuration of the molecules in a gas changes so that the multiplicity
More informationSecond Law of Thermodynamics
Dr. Alain Brizard College Physics II (PY 211) Second Law of Thermodynamics Textbook Reference: Chapter 20 sections 1-4. Second Law of Thermodynamics (Clausius) Heat flows naturally from a hot object to
More informationChapter 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics When we previously studied the first law of thermodynamics, we observed how conservation of energy provided us with a relationship between U, Q, and W, namely
More informationS = S(f) S(i) dq rev /T. ds = dq rev /T
In 1855, Clausius proved the following (it is actually a corollary to Clausius Theorem ): If a system changes between two equilibrium states, i and f, the integral dq rev /T is the same for any reversible
More informationLecture 13. The Second Law
MIT 3.00 Fall 2002 c W.C Carter 88 Lecture 13 The Second Law Last Time Consequences of an Ideal Gas Internal Energy a Function of T Only A New State Function for Any System: Enthalpy H = U + PV A New State
More informationThermodynamics: More Entropy
Thermodynamics: More Entropy From Warmup On a kind of spiritual note, this could possibly explain how God works some miracles. Supposing He could precisely determine which microstate occurs, He could heat,
More informationHeat Engines and Refrigerators
Lecture 26, Dec. 1 Goals: Chapter 19 Understand the relationship between work and heat in a cycling process Follow the physics of basic heat engines and refrigerators. Recognize some practical applications
More informationChap. 3. The Second Law. Law of Spontaneity, world gets more random
Chap. 3. The Second Law Law of Spontaneity, world gets more random Kelvin - No process can transform heat completely into work Chap. 3. The Second Law Law of Spontaneity, world gets more random Kelvin
More informationPhysics 150. Thermodynamics. Chapter 15
Physics 150 Thermodynamics Chapter 15 The First Law of Thermodynamics Let s consider an ideal gas confined in a chamber with a moveable piston If we press the piston è the gas in the chamber compresses
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS b) If the temperatures of two bodies are equal then they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
THERMODYNAMICS Important Points:. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: a) This law gives the concept of temperature. b) If the temperatures of two bodies are equal then they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
More informationOctober 18, 2011 Carnot cycle - 1
Carnot Cycle In 1824, Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) published a short book, eflections on the Motive Power of Fire (The book is now free online You should try it out) To construct an engine, Carnot noted, at
More informationThe Physics of Energy
Corso di Laurea in FISICA The Physics of Energy Luca Gammaitoni Corso di Laurea in Fisica, 2017-2018 Corso di Laurea in FISICA II Introduction to thermodynamics Luca Gammaitoni The Physics of Energy Use
More informationTwo mark questions and answers UNIT II SECOND LAW 1. Define Clausius statement. It is impossible for a self-acting machine working in a cyclic process, to transfer heat from a body at lower temperature
More informationIntroduction to Aerospace Propulsion. Prof. Bhaskar Roy. Prof. A. M. Pradeep. Department of Aerospace Engineering
Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion Prof. Bhaskar Roy Prof. A. M. Pradeep Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 11 Reversible and irreversible
More informationSurvey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws
Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws Please select only one of the five choices, (a)-(e) for each of the 33 questions. All temperatures T are absolute temperatures. All experiments
More informationBig Bang, Black Holes, No Math
ASTR/PHYS 109 Dr. David Toback Lectures 21 and 22 1 Was Due Today L22 Reading: (BBBHNM Unit 3) Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) Unit 3: Let us know if you think you were misgraded Unit 3 Revision (if
More information(prev) (top) (next) (Throughout, we will assume the processes involve an ideal gas with constant n.)
1 of 9 8/22/12 9:51 PM (prev) (top) (next) Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamic processes can be: 2 isothermal processes, ΔT = 0 (so P ~ 1 / V); isobaric processes, ΔP = 0 (so T ~ V); isovolumetric or isochoric
More informationBasic thermodynamics. heat to the high temperature reservoir.
Consider a heat engine that is operating in a cyclic process takes heat (QH) from a high temperature reservoir & converts completely into work (W), violating the Kelvin Planck statement. Let the work W,
More information1. Second Law of Thermodynamics
1. Second Law of hermodynamics he first law describes how the state of a system changes in response to work it performs and heat absorbed. However, the first law cannot explain certain facts about thermal
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics
he Second Law of hermodynamics So far We have studied the second law by looking at its results We don t have a thermodynamic property that can describe it In this chapter we will develop a mathematical
More informationIrreversible Processes
Lecture 15 Heat Engines Review & Examples p p b b Hot reservoir at T h p a a c adiabats Heat leak Heat pump Q h Q c W d V 1 V 2 V Cold reservoir at T c Lecture 15, p 1 Irreversible Processes Entropy-increasing
More informationLecture 15. Available Work and Free Energy. Lecture 15, p 1
Lecture 15 Available Work and Free Energy U F F U -TS Lecture 15, p 1 Helpful Hints in Dealing with Engines and Fridges Sketch the process (see figures below). Define and Q c and W by (or W on ) as positive
More informationIntroduction to Thermodynamics And Applications. Physics 420 Patrick Lawrence
Introduction to Thermodynamics And Applications Physics 420 Patrick Lawrence Topics Confusion about Heat, Internal Energy and Temperature Methods of heat transfer The Ideal Gas Law Compression Applications
More informationCHAPTER 6 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
CHAPTER 6 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS S. I. Abdel-Khalik (2014) 1 CHAPTER 6 -- The Second Law of Thermodynamics OUTCOME: Identify Valid (possible) Processes as those that satisfy both the first and
More informationClassification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive
Unit I Classification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive Extensive : mass, weight, volume, potential energy, Kinetic energy, Internal energy, entropy, exergy, energy, magnetization
More informationWorksheet for Exploration 21.1: Engine Efficiency W Q H U
Worksheet for Exploration 21.1: Engine Efficiency In this animation, N = nr (i.e., k B = 1). This, then, gives the ideal gas law as PV = NT. Assume an ideal monatomic gas. The efficiency of an engine is
More informationFirst Law showed the equivalence of work and heat. Suggests engine can run in a cycle and convert heat into useful work.
0.0J /.77J / 5.60J hermodynamics of Biomolecular Systems 0.0/5.60 Fall 005 Lecture #6 page he Second Law First Law showed the euivalence of work and heat U = + w, du = 0 for cyclic process = w Suggests
More informationBIT 1002 Thermodynamics. First Law Heat engines Second Law Entropy. What is heat?
BIT 1002 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics: this will introduce you to Rubber Band heat engine (Haverford college) 1. First Law 2. Heat engines 3. Second Law 4. Entropy What is heat? We can understand a number
More informationIrreversible Processes
Lecture 15 Heat Engines Review & Examples p p b b Hot reservoir at T h p a a c adiabats Heat leak Heat pump Q h Q c W d V 1 V 2 V Cold reservoir at T c Lecture 15, p 1 Irreversible Processes Entropy-increasing
More informationMinimum Bias Events at ATLAS
Camille Bélanger-Champagne McGill University Lehman College City University of New York Thermodynamics Charged Particle and Statistical Correlations Mechanics in Minimum Bias Events at ATLAS Thermodynamics
More informationAnnouncements 13 Nov 2014
Announcements 13 Nov 2014 1. Prayer 2. Exam 3 starts on Tues Nov 25 a. Covers Ch 9-12, HW 18-24 b. Late fee on Wed after Thanksgiving, 3 pm c. Closes on Thursday after Thanksgiving, 3 pm d. Jerika review
More informationHow to please the rulers of NPL-213 the geese
http://www.walkingmountains. org/2015/03/reintroduction-ofthe-canada-goose/ How to please the rulers of NPL-213 the geese (Entropy and the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics) Physics 116 2017 Tues. 3/21, Thurs
More informationClass 22 - Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
Class 22 - Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy The second law of thermodynamics The first law relates heat energy, work and the internal thermal energy of a system, and is essentially a statement
More informationBasic Thermodynamics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Basic Thermodynamics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 09 Second Law and its Corollaries-IV Good afternoon to all of you to this session
More informationEngineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.1 Introduction Chapter 5 The Second aw of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that processes occur in a certain direction, not in just any direction. Physical processes in nature can
More informationAljalal-Phys March 2004-Ch21-page 1. Chapter 21. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Aljalal-Phys.102-27 March 2004-Ch21-page 1 Chapter 21 Entropy and the Second Law of hermodynamics Aljalal-Phys.102-27 March 2004-Ch21-page 2 21-1 Some One-Way Processes Egg Ok Irreversible process Egg
More informationBig Bang, Black Holes, No Math
ASTR/PHYS 109 Dr. David Toback Lecture 18 1 Was due Today L18 Reading: (BBBHNM Unit 2) Pre-Lecture Reading Questions: Let us know if you were misgraded on any submissions End-of-Chapter Quizzes: Chapter
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621 213. Department: Mechanical Subject Code: ME2202 Semester: III Subject Name: ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS UNIT-I Basic Concept and First Law 1. What do you understand
More informationME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A
ME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A 1. What is meant by thermodynamics system? (A/M 2006) Thermodynamics system is defined as any space or matter or group of matter
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS Lecture 5: Second Law of Thermodynamics
HERMODYNAMICS Lecture 5: Second Law of hermodynamics Pierwsza strona Second Law of hermodynamics In the course of discussions on the First Law of hermodynamics we concluded that all kinds of energy are
More informationEntropy. Entropy Changes for an Ideal Gas
Entropy and Entropy Changes for an Ideal Gas Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University March 28, 2012 Lecture 10 1 Recall that we discussed an idealized process called reversible A
More informationHeat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines and the Second Law of hermodynamics here are three equivalent forms of the second law of thermodynamics; will state all three, discuss: I. (Kelvin-Planck) It is impossible to construct an
More informationMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2007
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 007 5.9 Energy Environment and Society (a Project Based First Year Subject supported by the d'arbeloff Program) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationLecture 26. Second law of thermodynamics. Heat engines and refrigerators.
ecture 26 Second law of thermodynamics. Heat engines and refrigerators. The Second aw of Thermodynamics Introduction The absence of the process illustrated above indicates that conservation of energy is
More information