Active Learners Reflective Learners Use both ways equally frequently More Inclined to be Active More inclined to be Reflective
|
|
- Kimberly Austin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Active Learners Reflective Learners Use both ways equally frequently More Inclined to be Active More inclined to be Reflective Sensory Leaners Intuitive Learners Use both ways equally frequently More inclined to be Sensory More Inclined to be Intuitive Active: Prefer Discussion and Active vs Reflective Learners Thinking aloud Reflective: Prefer Thinking to themselves Sensory: Sensory Prefer vs Intuitive Facts and Learners Practical Learning Intuitive: Prefer Conceptual or Creative Learning
2 Visual Learners Verbal Learners Use both methods equally frequently More inclined to be Visual More inclined to be Verbal Sequential Learners Global Learners Use both ways equally frequently More inclined to be Sequential More inclined to be Global Visual: Prefer Visual Visual vs Verbal Learners representations, like videos, demos or graphs, etc Verbal: Prefer Written Instructions Sequential: Prefer vs Global Instructions Learners in a logical or linear order Global: Learn the bigger picture and connect the dots
3 T 1 T 1 T 2 <T 2 Energy is Transferred from T 2 to the Ice T 1 Q 1 gained by the Ice cream is > 0 Q 2 lost by the Environment is < 0 Heat will be represented as Q In this case Q 1 =-Q 2 Q > 0 System System Q < 0
4 Joule s Experiment James Joule Temperature of water can increase by both Heating and doing Work! Temperature is directly proportional to the Thermal Energy of a system 1) Change in Thermal Energy, (E TH Final -E TH Initial ),or ΔE TH = W + Q A: Temperature and Heat (T + Q) B: Heat and Work ( Q + W) C: Work and Temperature (W + T) First Law of Thermodynamics A system where only Thermal Energy changes, the change is equal to the energy transferred into or out of the system as Work and/or Heat
5 Work on system W>0 First Law of Thermodynamics Work by system W<0 Energy In System ΔE TH =W+Q Energy Out Heat to system Q>0 Heat from system Q<0 2) What happens when the Volume of the gas increases? Lead Shots W Does the E TH A: Increase B: Decrease C: Remain the same Gas expands and the atoms & molecules apply less pressure on the piston. Gas has lower Internal (Thermal) energy. Q Gas Insulation T Control Knob 3) What happens when heat is transferred out of the gas? Does the E TH A: Increase B: Decrease C: Remain the same Gas atoms & molecules lose Kinetic Energy and the Internal (Thermal) energy reduces.
6 P 1 P 1 P 1 a P2 P2 b P 2 V 1 V 2 (a) V 1 (b) V 2 V 1 V 2 (c) 4) In all the PV diagrams A: ΔE TH (a) > ΔE TH (b) > ΔE TH (c) B: ΔE TH (a) = ΔE TH (b) = ΔE TH (c) C: ΔE TH (a) < ΔE TH (b) < ΔE TH (c) ΔE TH depends on only the Initial and Final states. It is path-independent. Q and W are path-dependent..
7 Hot Reservoir Q H System Q C Cold Reservoir Hot Reservoir Q H Heat is never spontaneously transferred from a colder to a hotter object. 5) Is this possible? A: Yes B: No Q C System Cold Reservoir
8 Hot Reservoir Hot Reservoir Q H Q H System W Q C Cold Reservoir Q C Cold Reservoir What direction will the Piston move? Right (Outward) Heat Engine What direction will the Second Piston move? Down (Outward)
9 An Example of a Heat Engine Stirling Engine
10 Hot Reservoir Q H T H Since Cyclic Process ΔE TH = 0 W out = Q H -Q C Q C Cold Reservoir T C W Out Efficiency, e = What you get What you pay What do you get? W Out =?? What do you pay for? Q H e= W out = Q H -Q C = 1 -Q C = 1 -T C where T are in Kelvin Q H Q H Q H T H This is called a Carnot Efficiency e Max < 1 But Why? Flow of Heat energy happens only when there is a difference of T. In order to have W out there should be a flowof Heat Energy and that can only happen as long as there is Some T C!!
11 6) 7) Ans) e = 1-(T C / T H ) Engine A: e = = 0.3 or 30% Engine B: e = = or 37.5% Engine C: e = = 0.5 or 50% C A Ans) e = W/ Q H Q H = 8.2kJ/ 0.25 Q H = 32.8kJ W = Q H -Q C Q C = Q H W = 24.6 kj
12 Hot Reservoir Hot Reservoir Q H Q C Cold Reservoir What do you get? Q C W in What do you pay for? W In Q H Q C Cold Reservoir T H What if we do work on the system to transfer Energy from Cold to Hot reservoir? T C W = + Q HC -Q C Heat Pump Instead of Efficiency e, we have COP, Coefficient of Performance = What you get What you pay for = Q C W In = Q C Q H -Q C COP= T C T H -T C How would you reduce the energy required for your Refrigerator to run? (i) Reduce temperature in your house (ii) Reduce temperature in the refrigerator (iii) Increase temperature in the refrigerator A: (i) & (ii) B: (i) & (iii) C: (ii) & (iii)
13 (a) Are (a) and (b) equally possible? Yes (b) Reversible Process It can be reversed Causes no change to system or surrounding Interactions at the molecular level are reversible processes
14 (a) Are (a) and (b) equally possible? No (b) IRReversibleProcess 8) Do either process violate the first law of thermodynamics, i.e., is Energy conserved in both cases? A: Yes B: No Then WHY is it impossible to spontaneously get process (b) to take place?
15 Why is it that if the interactions at the molecular level are reversible processes, then the macroscopic everyday processes are irrerversible? If there was just one ball, the probability that itwould be in Box 1 is (1/2) If there were two balls, the probability that theywould be in Box 1 is (1/2) 2 If there were ten balls, the probability that theywould be in Box 1 is (1/2) 10 Box1 N 1 Box2 N 2 Imagine there are say balls. What do you think the probability that they are all in Box 1? VERY VERY VERY SMALL So statistically it is very likely to get a final state where N 1 N 2 T H T C Energy either way, but collisions of many many Atoms and Molecules lead to transfer from hot Even though microscopic collisions can transfer to cold, until T H = T C Equilibrium is the mostprobable state in which to be!
16 Energy is conserved from First law of Thermodynamics Interactions at the molecular level are reversible processes Nearly all macroscopic phenomena are irreversible, i.e., cannot trace back their path spontaneously Equilibrium is the most probable state in a system All systems evolve towards equilibrium Let us define a new term that helps us identify this unidirectionalnature of interactions (i) (ii) (iii) 9) Which box represents a most probable Spontaneous Occurrence of the atoms? A: (i) B: (ii) C : (iii) Let us define Entropyas a term used to quantify the probability that a certain state will occur, i.e., high Entropy = high probability of occurrence. Also Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. Which of these Boxes has the highest Entropy? (iii)
17 T H T C Why?? All atoms in hot box have high T.E. Low entropy or high ordered system. All atoms in cold box have low T.E. This is not a spontaneously occurring situation T Equil T Equil Why?? High entropy or high disordered system. Atoms in both boxes have reached Equilibrium with the thermal energies randomly redistributed between the two boxes This is a spontaneously occurring situation Entropy increases as two systems with initially different temperatures move toward Thermal Equilibrium! The entropy of an isolatedsystem (any system spontaneously on its own) never decreases. The entropy either increases until equilibrium OR, if the system is already in equilibrium, it stays the same Second Law of Thermodynamics
18 All atoms and molecules in the ball move in unison, with same speed v 1 Inelastic Collision and bounce back with v 2 < v 1 Temperatures of both the ball and the wall will increase slightly. Therefore internal energy would increase for both. So will the Entropy. An isolated system evolves such that Order turns to disorder and randomness Information is lost rather than gained In all real processes the energy available for doing work decreases When another form of energy is converted to Thermal energy, there is an increase in entropy. The process will NOT spontaneously reverse!
19 When another form of energy is converted to Thermal energy, there is an increase in entropy. The process will NOT spontaneously reverse! Hot Reservoir Q H W All real engines operate irreversibly, due to friction and the brevity of their cycles, and therefore have an efficiency <100% Q C Cold Reservoir Heat Engine Heat engine operating in an ideal, reversible cycle, Carnot Cycle, between two energy reservoirs is the most efficient engine possible.
20 How are natural processes like growth possible if what they do is reduce disorder and increase complexities? None of us are ISOLATED systems
21 Have a Happy Thanksgiving Please rate the lecture { Grade 1 to 4 with 4 being the highest } a) Flow of Instruction A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 b)demo/video and Graphical aids A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 c)explanation on Numericals A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 d)conceptual Quality of Explanation A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 e)overall Lecture A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4
Chapter 12 Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 Thermodynamics 12.1 Thermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes System: definite quantity of matter with real or imaginary boundaries If heat transfer is impossible, the system is thermally
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 18. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 18 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 18 The Laws of Thermodynamics Units of Chapter 18 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Processes
More informationT s change via collisions at boundary (not mechanical interaction)
Lecture 14 Interaction of 2 systems at different temperatures Irreversible processes: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 19: Heat Engines and Refrigerators Thermal interactions T s change via collisions
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics. First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationThermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes
Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Systems, States, and Processes A thermodynamic system is described by an equation of state, such as the ideal gas law. The location of the state can be plotted on a p V diagram,
More informationThermodynamics Second Law Heat Engines
Thermodynamics Second Law Heat Engines Lana Sheridan De Anza College May 10, 2018 Last time entropy (microscopic perspective) Overview heat engines heat pumps Carnot engines Heat Engines Steam engines
More information12 The Laws of Thermodynamics
June 14, 1998 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics Using Thermal Energy to do Work Understanding the laws of thermodynamics allows us to use thermal energy in a practical way. The first law of thermodynamics
More informationHeat Machines (Chapters 18.6, 19)
eat Machines (hapters 8.6, 9) eat machines eat engines eat pumps The Second Law of thermodynamics Entropy Ideal heat engines arnot cycle Other cycles: Brayton, Otto, Diesel eat Machines Description The
More informationConduction. Heat Transfer Methods. Conduction. Conduction
Heat Transfer Methods Conduction: Thermal kinetic energy passed from particle-to-particle along a length of material. Convection: Thermal energy carried by moving fluid. Radiation: Thermal energy carried
More informationChapter 16 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 16 The Second Law of Thermodynamics To examine the directions of thermodynamic processes. To study heat engines. To understand internal combustion engines and refrigerators. To learn and apply
More informationChapter 16 Thermodynamics
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 16 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Introduction Another area of physics is thermodynamics Continues with the principle of conservation of energy
More informationPhysics 150. Thermodynamics. Chapter 15
Physics 150 Thermodynamics Chapter 15 The First Law of Thermodynamics Let s consider an ideal gas confined in a chamber with a moveable piston If we press the piston è the gas in the chamber compresses
More informationVISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE THERMODYNAMICS SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ENTROPY
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE THERMODYNAMICS SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ENTROPY The Second Law of Thermodynamics is one of the fundamental laws which describes the workings of our universe. Not like other laws
More informationExamples. Fire Piston (demo) Example (Comparison of processes)
Examples Fire Piston (demo) Fire Piston istory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fire_piston Example 19.68 (Comparison of processes) Fire piston calculations http://complex.gmu.edu/www-phys/phys262/soln/fire_piston.pdf
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Processes (isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, adiabatic) Reversible and Irreversible Processes Heat Engines Refrigerators and Heat Pumps The Carnot
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 27. Lecture 26. Chapters 18, entropy and second law of thermodynamics Chapter 19, heat engines and refrigerators
Goals: Lecture 26 Chapters 18, entropy and second law of thermodynamics Chapter 19, heat engines and refrigerators Reading assignment for Wednesday: Chapter 20. Physics 207: Lecture 27, Pg 1 Entropy A
More informationSecond Law of Thermodynamics -
Second Law of Thermodynamics - REVIEW ENTROPY EXAMPLE Dr. Garrick 1/19/09 First Law of Thermodynamics you can t win! First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed the total energy
More informationThermodynamics: Reversibility and Carnot
Thermodynamics: Reversibility and Carnot From Warmup It seems like this reading (for Friday) explained the homework assigned for Wednesday's lecture. Is homework based on the previous lecture, or the current
More informationChapter 11 Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 11 Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines Heat engines use a temperature difference involving a high temperature (T H ) and a low temperature (T C ) to do mechanical work.
More informationHeat What is heat? Work = 2. PdV 1
eat What is heat? eat (Q) is the flow or transfer of energy from one system to another Often referred to as heat flow or heat transfer Requires that one system must be at a higher temperature than the
More informationIrreversible Processes
Irreversible Processes Examples: Block sliding on table comes to rest due to friction: KE converted to heat. Heat flows from hot object to cold object. Air flows into an evacuated chamber. Reverse process
More informationPhysics 121, April 29, The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Physics 121, April 29, 2008. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. http://www.horizons.uc.edu/masterjuly1998/oncampus.htm Physics 121. April 29, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: The Second
More informationThermodynamic entropy
1 1.1 Thermodynamics and entropy The existence of entropy follows inevitably from the first and second laws of thermodynamics. However, our purpose is not to reproduce this deduction, but rather to focus
More informationChapter 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics When we previously studied the first law of thermodynamics, we observed how conservation of energy provided us with a relationship between U, Q, and W, namely
More informationBasic Thermodynamics. Prof. S. K. Som. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
Basic Thermodynamics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 06 Second Law and its Corollaries I Good afternoon, I welcome you all to this
More informationΔU = Q W. Tue Dec 1. Assign 13/14 Friday Final: Fri Dec 11 2:30PM WALTER 145. Thermodynamics 1st Law. 2 nd Law. Heat Engines and Refrigerators
Tue Dec 1 Thermodynamics 1st Law ΔU = Q W 2 nd Law SYS Heat Engines and Refrigerators Isobaric: W = PΔV Isochoric: W = 0 Isothermal: ΔU = 0 Adiabatic: Q = 0 Assign 13/14 Friday Final: Fri Dec 11 2:30PM
More informationClassification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive
Unit I Classification following properties of the system in Intensive and Extensive Extensive : mass, weight, volume, potential energy, Kinetic energy, Internal energy, entropy, exergy, energy, magnetization
More informationLecture Presentation Chapter 11 Using Energy
Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Using Energy Suggested Videos for Chapter 11 Prelecture Videos Efficiency The Laws of Thermodynamics Heat Engines and Heat Pumps Class Videos Work and Thermal Energy in
More information11/29/2017 IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES. UNIT 2 Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, ideal gases, and kinetic theory
11/9/017 AP PHYSICS UNIT Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, ideal gases, and kinetic theory CHAPTER 13 SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES The U G of the water-earth system at the
More informationChapter 20. Heat Engines, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 20 Heat Engines, Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Armen Kocharian First Law of Thermodynamics Review Review: The first law states that a change in internal energy in a system can
More informationAgenda. Chapter 10, Problem 26. All matter is made of atoms. Atomic Structure 4/8/14. What is the structure of matter? Atomic Terminology
Agenda Today: HW Quiz, Thermal physics (i.e., heat) Thursday: Finish thermal physics, atomic structure (lots of review from chemistry!) Chapter 10, Problem 26 A boy reaches out of a window and tosses a
More informationTwo mark questions and answers UNIT II SECOND LAW 1. Define Clausius statement. It is impossible for a self-acting machine working in a cyclic process, to transfer heat from a body at lower temperature
More informationOctober 18, 2011 Carnot cycle - 1
Carnot Cycle In 1824, Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) published a short book, eflections on the Motive Power of Fire (The book is now free online You should try it out) To construct an engine, Carnot noted, at
More information18.13 Review & Summary
5/2/10 10:04 PM Print this page 18.13 Review & Summary Temperature; Thermometers Temperature is an SI base quantity related to our sense of hot and cold. It is measured with a thermometer, which contains
More informationKnight: Chapter 18. The Micro/Macro Connection. (Thermal Interactions and Heat & Irreversible Processes and the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics)
Knight: Chapter 18 The Micro/Macro Connection (Thermal Interactions and Heat & Irreversible Processes and the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics) Last time p Thermal energy of a Monatomic gas.. E th = 3 2 NK BT
More informationEntropy & the Second Law of Thermodynamics
PHYS102 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 20 Entropy & the Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy gases Entropy solids & liquids Heat engines Refrigerators Second law of thermodynamics 1. The efficiency of
More informationThe Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law
The Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work Q W E =ΔE net net net, mass
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! (send me your net ID if
More informationPhysics 9 Friday, November 2, 2018
Physics 9 Friday, November 2, 2018 Turn in HW07. Pick up handout for HW08, due next Friday. For Monday, read Eric Mazur s chapter 22 (Electric Interactions) PDF on Canvas. I have a large number of supplemental
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! Physics 101: Lecture 28,
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Isotherm
12 THERMODYNAMICS Zeroth law of thermodynamics Two systems separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Isotherm It is the graph connecting pressure
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 20 Lecture 4/E FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 20 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 20 The Micro/Macro Connection IN THIS CHAPTER, you will see how macroscopic
More informationFree expansion (Joule); Constant U Forced expansion (Joule-Kelvin); Constant H. Joule-Kelvin coefficient - heating or cooling on JK expansion?
...Thermodynamics Adiabats: How c P and c V get into the exponent PV γ Free expansion (Joule); Constant U Forced expansion (Joule-Kelvin); Constant H Joule-Kelvin coefficient - heating or cooling on JK
More informationPHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I
Welcome back to PHY101: Major Concepts in Physics I Photo: S. T. Cummins Photo: S. T. Cummins Announcements Today is our final class! We will first discuss more on Chapters 14-15 and then conduct a short
More informationAdiabatic Expansion (DQ = 0)
Adiabatic Expansion (DQ = 0) Occurs if: change is made sufficiently quickly and/or with good thermal isolation. Governing formula: PV g = constant where g = C P /C V Adiabat P Isotherms V Because PV/T
More informationClass 22 - Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
Class 22 - Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy The second law of thermodynamics The first law relates heat energy, work and the internal thermal energy of a system, and is essentially a statement
More informationDistinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas (2)
1. This question is about thermodynamic processes. (a) Distinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas.......... An ideal gas is held in a container by a moveable
More informationSurvey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws
Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws Please select only one of the five choices, (a)-(e) for each of the 33 questions. All temperatures T are absolute temperatures. All experiments
More informationFirst Law Limitations
First Law Limitations First Law: During any process, the energy of the universe is constant. du du du ZERO!!! universe sys surroundings Any energy transfer between system and surroundings is accomplished
More informationChapter 12- The Law of Increasing Disorder
Second Law of Thermodynamics Changes occurring in natural systems always proceed in such a way that the total amount of entropy in the universe is either unchanged or increased. If total disorder is increased,
More informationSpring_#7. Thermodynamics. Youngsuk Nam.
Spring_#7 Thermodynamics Youngsuk Nam ysnam1@khu.ac.kr You can t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 13
Matter: very simple Revision Guide for Chapter Contents Student s Checklist Revision Notes Ideal gas... Ideal gas laws... Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases... 5 Internal energy... 6 Specific thermal
More informationLecture Notes Set 4c: Heat engines and the Carnot cycle
ecture Notes Set 4c: eat engines and the Carnot cycle Introduction to heat engines In the following sections the fundamental operating principles of the ideal heat engine, the Carnot engine, will be discussed.
More information10.2 PROCESSES 10.3 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMO/ENTROPY Student Notes
10.2 PROCESSES 10.3 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMO/ENTROPY Student Notes I. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS A. SYSTEMS AND SURROUNDING B. PV DIAGRAMS AND WORK DONE V -1 Source: Physics for the IB Diploma Study
More informationLecture 25 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas
Lecture 5 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas law. redict the molar specific heats of gases and solids. Understand how heat is transferred via molecular collisions
More informationChapter 12 Thermal Energy
Chapter 12 Thermal Energy Chapter 12 In this chapter you will: Learn how temperature relates to the potential and kinetic energies of atoms and molecules. Distinguish heat from work. Calculate heat transfer
More informationLecture 15. Available Work and Free Energy. Lecture 15, p 1
Lecture 15 Available Work and Free Energy U F F U -TS Lecture 15, p 1 Helpful Hints in Dealing with Engines and Fridges Sketch the process (see figures below). Define and Q c and W by (or W on ) as positive
More information(prev) (top) (next) (Throughout, we will assume the processes involve an ideal gas with constant n.)
1 of 9 8/22/12 9:51 PM (prev) (top) (next) Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamic processes can be: 2 isothermal processes, ΔT = 0 (so P ~ 1 / V); isobaric processes, ΔP = 0 (so T ~ V); isovolumetric or isochoric
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, Physics 121. April 24, Course Information
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationCARNOT CYCLE = T = S ( U,V )
hermodynamics CANO CYCE Do not trouble students with history In 1824, Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) published a short book, eflections on the Motive Power of Fire (he book is now free online You should try it
More informationPrinciple 16: The Law of Thermal Equilibrium (Zeroth Law)
Chapter 8 Thermodynamics 8.1 The Law of Conservation of Energy 8.1.1 Thermal Equilibrium Principle 16: The Law of Thermal Equilibrium (Zeroth Law) Two objects in thermal equilibrium with a third one are
More informationChapter 8: Internal Energy and the Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 8: Internal Energy and the Laws of Thermodynamics Goals of Period 8 Section 8.1: To discuss conservation of energy and the first law of thermodynamics Section 8.: To discuss irreversible processes
More informationThe need for something else: Entropy
Lecture 27 Goals: Ch. 18 ualitatively understand 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Ch. 19 Understand the relationship between work and heat in a cycling process Follow the physics of basic heat engines and refrigerators.
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More information第 1 頁, 共 6 頁 Chap20 1. Test Bank, Question 5 Which of the following is NOT a state variable? Work Internal energy Entropy Temperature Pressure 2. Test Bank, Question 18 Let denote the change in entropy
More informationLecture 21: Introducing the Second Law, Irreversibilities
ME 200 Thermodynamics I Spring 2016 Lecture 21: Introducing the Second Law, Irreversibilities Yong Li Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai,
More information1. INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION
CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION Refrigeration may be defined as the process of reducing and maintaining a temperature of a space or material below that of the surroundings.
More informationThermodynamics: The Laws
Thermodynamics: The Laws Resources: Serway The Laws of Thermodynamics: 12 AP Physics B Videos Physics B Lesson 29: Laws of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of heat and thermal
More informationLecture 26. Second law of thermodynamics. Heat engines and refrigerators.
ecture 26 Second law of thermodynamics. Heat engines and refrigerators. The Second aw of Thermodynamics Introduction The absence of the process illustrated above indicates that conservation of energy is
More informationChapter 20 Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 20 Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics A one-way processes are processes that can occur only in a certain sequence and never in the reverse sequence, like time. these one-way processes are
More informationUniversity Physics (Prof. David Flory) Chapt_21 Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 1
University Physics (Prof. David Flory) Chapt_21 Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 1 Name: Date: 1. Let k be the Boltzmann constant. If the configuration of the molecules in a gas changes so that the multiplicity
More informationChapter 11. Using Energy. PowerPoint Lectures for College Physics: A Strategic Approach, Second Edition Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 11 Using Energy PowerPoint Lectures for College Physics: A Strategic Approach, Second Edition 11 Using Energy Slide 11-2 Slide 11-3 Slide 11-4 Slide 11-5 Reading Quiz 1. A machine uses 1000 J of
More informationLaws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics The Three Laws of Thermodynamics - The first lawof thermodynamics, also called conservation of energy. We can use this knowledge to determine the amount of energy in a system, the
More informationS15--AP Phys Q4--Heat-Thermo Ch13_14_15 PRACTICE
Name: Class: Date: S5--AP Phys Q4--Heat-Thermo Ch3_4_5 PRACTICE Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. Which of the following is a thermodynamic
More informationChapter 20 Second Law of Thermodynamics. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 20 Second Law of Thermodynamics It is easy to produce thermal energy using work, but how does one produce work using thermal energy? This is a heat engine; mechanical energy can be obtained from
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More informationEntropy. Physics 1425 Lecture 36. Michael Fowler, UVa
Entropy Physics 1425 Lecture 36 Michael Fowler, UVa First and Second Laws of A quick review. Thermodynamics First Law: total energy conserved in any process: joules in = joules out Second Law: heat only
More informationLecture 2 Entropy and Second Law
Lecture 2 Entropy and Second Law Etymology: Entropy, entropie in German. En from energy and trope turning toward Turning to energy Motivation for a Second Law!! First law allows us to calculate the energy
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS
1 SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL 2 Syllabus: Thermal Engineering (Thermodynamics) Properties of Pure Substances : p-v & P-T diagrams of pure substance like H 2
More informationLecture 10: Heat Engines and Reversible Processes
Lecture 10: Heat Engines and Reversible Processes Last time we started discussing cyclic heat engines these are devices that convert heat energy into mechanical work We found that in general, heat engines
More informationMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 2007
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SPRING 007 5.9 Energy Environment and Society (a Project Based First Year Subject supported by the d'arbeloff Program) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationChapter 19. Heat Engines
Chapter 19 Heat Engines QuickCheck 19.11 The efficiency of this Carnot heat engine is A. Less than 0.5. B. 0.5. C. Between 0.5 and 1.0. D. 2.0. E. Can t say without knowing Q H. 2013 Pearson Education,
More informationHeat engines and the second law of thermodynamics
Heat engines and the second law of thermodynamics Thermodynamic cycles A thermodynamic cycle is a series of processes which change the volume, temperature and pressure of a gas, but which at the end return
More information8 Lecture 8: Thermodynamics: Principles
8. LECTURE 8: THERMODYNMICS: PRINCIPLES 69 8 Lecture 8: Thermodynamics: Principles Summary Phenomenological approach is a respectable way of understanding the world, especially when we cannot expect microscopic
More informationExergy. What s it all about? Thermodynamics and Exergy
Exergy What s it all about? Thermodynamics and Exergy Quality of Energy General recognition that some forms of energy are more useful than others Electricity can be used for light, heat, cooling, mechanical
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 25. Lecture 25, Nov. 26 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas
Lecture 25, Nov. 26 Goals: Chapter 18 Understand the molecular basis for pressure and the idealgas law. redict the molar specific heats of gases and solids. Understand how heat is transferred via molecular
More informationPhysics 1501 Lecture 37
Physics 1501: Lecture 37 Todays Agenda Announcements Homework #12 (Dec. 9): 2 lowest dropped Midterm 2 in class Wednesday Friday: review session bring your questions Todays topics Chap.18: Heat and Work»
More informationTopic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics
Name: Date: Topic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics 1. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of
More informationA thermodynamic system is taken from an initial state X along the path XYZX as shown in the PV-diagram.
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Thermodynamics 1. The maximum efficiency of a heat engine that operates between temperatures of 1500 K in the firing chamber and 600 K in the exhaust chamber is most
More informationAP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers!
AP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers! Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) Sadi Carnot was a French military engineer and physicist, often
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More informationClassical Physics I. PHY131 Lecture 36 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Lecture 36 1
Classical Physics I PHY131 Lecture 36 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Lecture 36 1 Recap: (Ir)reversible( Processes Reversible processes are processes that occur under quasi-equilibrium conditions:
More informationThe goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work. Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy
Thermodynamics The goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work Main lesson: Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy This is because heat energy comes
More informationTemperature and Its Measurement
Temperature and Its Measurement When the physical properties are no longer changing, the objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium. Two or more objects in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.
More informationPHYSICS 715 COURSE NOTES WEEK 1
PHYSICS 715 COURSE NOTES WEEK 1 1 Thermodynamics 1.1 Introduction When we start to study physics, we learn about particle motion. First one particle, then two. It is dismaying to learn that the motion
More informationPhysics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II
Physics 101: Lecture 28 Thermodynamics II Final Today s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 15.6-15.9 Check Final Exam Room Assignment! Bring ID! Be sure to check your gradebook! Physics 101: Lecture 28,
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS
THERMODYNAMICS CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS Q-01 Is the heat supplied to a system always equal to the increases in its internal energy? Ans Acc. to first law of thermo- dynamics If heat is supplied in such a manner
More informationEngineering Thermodynamics. Chapter 5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.1 Introduction Chapter 5 The Second aw of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that processes occur in a certain direction, not in just any direction. Physical processes in nature can
More information