WECC-WGMG. Model Validation Working Group. Phoenix, AZ November 18-20, 2009

Transcription

1 Wind Power Plant Modeling Dynamic Model Data WECC-WGMG Model Validation Working Group Phoenix, AZ November 8-20, 2009

2 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Topologies Four basic types, based on the WTG technology: Type Type 2 generator Plant Feeders generator Plant Fee ders Type Fixed-speed, conventional induction generators PF control capacitor s Slip power as heat loss ac to dc PF control capacitor s Variable Slip WTG Type 2 Induction generators with variable rotor resistance Variable Speed WTGs Type 3 Doubly-fed asynchronous generators with rotor-side converter Type 4 Asynchronous generators with full converter interface generator Type 3 Type 4 partia l power Plant Feeders PSSE 3 and PSLF 7.0_03 ac to dc dc to ac generator ac to dc dc to ac full power Plant Feeders

3 Type : Fixed Speed WTG (Induction Generator)

4 Controller Settings (Type ) Control input parameters: Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine. This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers. Available in PSSE and PSLF Three modules included: WTT, WTG, WTP The compensating capacitor is not dynamically modeled but it should be provided and initialized from load flow data. WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENT: NONE

5 Example Data of WTG Type Direct Connected Type Generator WGU-PSSE Data WTG-PSLF Data wtg 5 "WTG TERM" 0.60 "" : #9 mva=0 / "Ls" 3.93 / "Lp" / "Ra" 0.0 / "Tpo" / "Se" / 0.0 "Se2" 0.79 / "Acc" 0.5 / 0. "Lpp" 0.0 / "Ll" / "Tppo" 0.0 / "ndelt" 0 / "wdelt" 0.80

6 Example Data of WTG Type Two Mass Turbine Model W2TU-PSSE Data H t = H tfrac H H g = H - H t WTT-PSLF Data 2 K = 2 (2π Freq ) H t H g H WTT 5 "WTG TERM" 0.60 "" : #9 / "H" 5.30 / "D" 0.0 / "Htfrac" / "Freq" 5.0 / "Dshaft".0 / # Optional two-mass model: From Governor Model From Generator Model P mech P gen ω t.. ω g - T mech 2H t s - s0 Δω tg D shaft T elec - 2H g s s2 - Δω t Δω tg Δω g ω ο δ tg s s ω ο ω t K ω g

7 Example Data of WTG Type Pseudo Governor Model W2AU-PSSE Data WTP-PSLF Data wtp 5 "WTG TERM" 060"" 0.60 :#9 / "Tpe" 0.0 / "Kdroop" 0.05 / "Kp" 0.0 / "Ki" / "Pimax".00 / "Pimin" 0.25 / "T" 0.0 / "T2" 0.0 pgen From Generator Model speed From Turbine Model wref Ki Kdroop st pe s0 Kp s s pimax pimin st st 2 s2 s3 NREL is a national laboratory pref of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC pmech To Governor Model

8 Type : Fixed Speed WTG (Induction Generator) Terminal Voltage Real Power Reactive Power Turbine Speed

9 Type 2: Variable Slip WTG (Induction generators with variable rotor resistance)

10 Controller Settings (Type 2) Control input parameters: Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine. This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers. Available in PSSE and PSLF (being developed) Three modules included: WT2T, WT2G, WT2E, WT2A The compensating capacitor is not dynamically modeled but it should be provided and initialized from load flow data. WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENT: NONE

11 Example Data of WTG Type 2 Induction Generator with the controlled external rotor resistor W2GU-PSSE Data WT2G-PSLF Data In PSLF, this data is supplied through Module WT2E

12 Example Data of WTG Type 2 Rotor resistance control model W2EU-PSSE Data In PSSE this data is supplied via Module W2GU From Generator Model P gen K p st p s - K pp K ip / s s0 To Speed R min Generator From Δω K Model w Turbine st w Model s2 P vs. slip curve R max R ext

13 Example Data of WTG Type 2 Two mass turbine model W2TU-PSSE Data WT2T-PSLF Data H t = H tfrac H H g = H - H t K = 2 (2π Freq ) H t 2 H g H From Governor Model From Generator Model P mech P gen ω t.. ω g - T mech 2H t s - s0 Δω tg T elec - D shaft 2H g s s2 - Δω t Δω tg Δω g s s ω ο ω ο δ tg ω t K ω g

14 Example Data of WTG Type 2 Pseudo-governor model W2AU-PSSE Data WT2P-PSLF Data speed pgen From Generator Model From Turbine Model wref Ki Kdroop st pe s0 Kp s s pimax pimin st st 2 s2 s3 pmech To Governor Model pref

15 Type 2: Variable Slip WTG (Induction generators with variable rotor resistance) Terminal Voltage Real Power Reactive Power Turbine Speed

16 Type 3: Variable Speed WTG Doubly Fed Induction Generator

17 Type 3: Doubly Fed Induction Generator Control input parameters: Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine. This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers. varflg =? vltflg =? WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENTS: varflg and vltflg are flags that must be set by the user based on the setting defined for each wind power plant to be included in the case study. F n = fraction of WTG on the wind plant that are online. Used only for VAR control gain adjustment PFAref = initialized from load flow data Four modules included in PSLF wt3g, wt3e, wt3t, wt3p Vc is the controlled bus specified within the module wt3e. It can be terminal voltage or remote bus voltage or fictitious remote bus voltage. Vw >.0 p.u. will be used to initialize pitch angle.

18 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module) - Remote voltage definition X C = compensating reactance for voltage control (in p.u.) V C = voltage at a remote point V C = V f jx C I ft V f = voltage at bus from I ft = current flowing from bus from to bus to V rfq = V C computed from the load flow solution at initial condition. 2 Line ( ) Line 2 ( 2 ) I 2 2_2 V C I 43 V C V C W Wind Turbine Generator Equivalent wt3e 5 "BUS5" " " : #9 mwcap=33.3 / monitored bus is not defined; Thus terminal voltage (bus 5) is controlled. wt3e 5 "BUS5" " " 4 "BUS4" 34.5 " " : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus bus 4 (V C ) will be controlled wt3e 5 "BUS5" " " 4 "BUS4" "BUS3" 34.5 " : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus remote node (V C ) on branch 4-3 is controlled. V C = V 4 jx C I 43 X C < X 43 wt3e 5 "BUS5" " " 2 "BUS2" 38 "BUS" 38 2 " : #9 mwcap=33.3 / Thus remote node (V C ) on branch 2- is controlled. V C =V 2 jx C I 2 X C < X 2

19 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3) Voltage Control is disabled E q-cmd Reactive power control: Q cmd = Q ref = Q gen_load_flow varflg = 0; vltflg = 0 voltage is not controlled E q-cmd Power factor control: varflg = -; vltflg = 0 voltage is not controlled PFA ref is defined at initial load flow solution based on P gen, Q gen

20 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled E q-cmd Voltage control emulation for plant level reactive compensation: varflg = ; vltflg = 0 voltage V c (remote bus) is controlled = V rfq defined initially from load flow solution terminal voltage V term is not regulated

21 Example of VAR Controller Settings (Type 3 wt3e module) Voltage Control is enabled E q-cmd Voltage control emulation for Plant Level Reactive compensation: varflg = ; vltflg = voltage is controlled at the V rfq defined separately the terminal voltage V term is controlled with the faster control loop (good response during fault event).

22 Example of Pitch Controller Settings (wt3t module) Initialize the blade pitch when The wind speed V w >0pu.0 p.u. Pitch Angle - Theta - Initialization Theta (degree) Vw - Wind Speed (p.u.) ΔP Unless we specify that the wind speed V w >.0 p.u. The initial (pre-fault) pitch angle = 0.

23 Real Power Settings The wind plant operation may have different output levels In the dynamic:. If P gen = 60MW in load flow solution and MWCAP = 00MW in the dynamic, it means that the wind speed is less than rated wind speed, the turbine speed set point will be initialized accordingly ( ~.2 p.u.) and Vw should be set to Vw <.0p.u., and the blade pitch is adjusted to its optimum (θ = 0 degree) 2. If P gen = 00MW in load flow solution and MWCAP = 00MW in the dynamic, it means that the wind speed is at or higher than rated wind speed the turbine speed set point will be initialized accordingly (.2 p.u). The pitch angle setting will be as follows (wt3t - module): If Vw =.5 p.u. the wind speed is higher than rated wind speed and the blade pitch must be adjusted at the initial condition. If Vw = 0.7 p.u. this information is ignored and the blade pitch is adjusted to its optimum (θ = 0 degree)

24 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) WT3G-PSSE Data IBUS, WT3G, ID, ICON(M), CON(J) to CON(J4) / 67

25 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) WT3G-PSLF Data ( refer to W3G2U for PSSE Equivalent) E q " cmd (efd) From exwtge I Pcmd (ladifd) From exwtge 0.02s 0.02s s0 LVPL & rrpwr s I Plv - X" High Voltage Reactive Current Management Low Voltage Active Current Management I sorc LVPL V term Lvplsw = 0 Lvplsw = LVPL. V 0.02s02s jx" zerox (0.50) brkpt (0.90) Low Voltage Power Logic V s2

26 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Electrical Control for Type-3 Wind Generator WT3E-PSSE Data

27 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Electrical Control for Type-3 Wind Generator WT3E-PSLF Data

28 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Mechanical System Model for Type-3 Wind Generator WT3T-PSSE Data WT3T-PSLF Data

29 Example Data of WTG Type 3 Pitch Control Model for Type-3 Wind Generator WT3P-PSSE Data WT3P-PSLF Data

30 Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous generators with full converter interface

31 Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous generators with full converter interface Control input parameters: Most of the parameters are given and unique for a specific turbine. This data will be made available from WECC or turbine manufacturers. WIND PLANT SPECIFIC ADJUSTMENTS: varflg and vltflg are flags that must be set by the user based on the setting defined for each wind power plant to be included in the case study. F n = fraction of WTG on the wind plant that are on-line. Used only for VAR control gain adjustment PFAref = initialized from load flow data Refer to type 3 description of Remote Control Voltage Vc and Vrfq Turbine model is ignored.

32 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Generator/converter t model W4GU-PSSE Data

33 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Generator/converter t model WT4G-PSLF Data I Qcmd (efd) From wt4e I Pcmd (ladifd) From wt4t s s0 LVPL & rrpwr 0.02s s I Plv High Voltage Reactive Current Management Low Voltage Active Current Management I sorc LVPL V term Lvplsw = 0 Lvplsw = LVPL Lvpl zerox (0.50) brkpt (0.90) Low Voltage Power Logic V V 0.02s s2 jx"

34 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Electrical l Control Model W4EU-PSSE Data

35 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Electrical l Control Model W4EU-PSSE Data

36 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Excitation Control Model WT4E-PSLF Data

37 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Electrical Control Model Excitation Control Model V rfq (vref) K iv /s V reg s4 /f st N r - K s3 pv st v s2 Q max Q min Q wv st c s5 Q ord WT4E-PSLF Data varflg WindCONTROL Emulator Q max Q cmd P,Q Priority Flag (pqflag) PFA ref (vref) tan Q ref (vref) 0 - Q min P elec st p x 0 Qord (vref) I qmn I qmx 0 V t I qmx I qmn s6 pfaflg Q Priority I qmxv.6 qmax Vt.0 P Priority - I qmxv - Q gen I qhl Minimum Q cmd V term - P,Q Priority Flag K qi / s V max s0 V min V ref - I qmx K vi / s s I qmn Converter Current Limit I Qcmd (efd) to Wind Generator Model wt4g I Qcmd Minimum I maxtd 2 - I Qcmd 2 Minimum I I 2 2 maxtd maxtd - I Pcmd I Pcmd I phl P ord (vsig) from Wind Turbine Model wt4t P orx. V term I pmx I Pcmd (ladifd) to Wind Generator Model wt4g Minimum I pmx Minimum I pmx

38 Example Data of WTG Type 4 Electrical Control Model Power Converter Dynamic PSLF Data P ref dpmx P ref P elec From Wind Generator Model wt4g (pelec) st pw s0 - - piin K pp dpmn K ip s s piou - P ord To wt4e (vsig) sk f st f s2

39 Type 4: Variable Speed WTG Asynchronous generators with full converter interface Terminal Voltage Real Power Reactive Power Frequency