ZIMBABWE PRISON CENSUS

Transcription

1 ZIMBABWE PRISON CENSUS 1 st QUARTER 2011 P. O. Box CY 342, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: (263-04) or (263-04) Fax: (263-04) info@zimstat.co.zw Website: Price US $ 2.00 May

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3 Table of Contents Page Table of Contents... i List of Tables... iii Acronyms...v List of Figures... vii Chapter 1: Prison Population Introduction Distribution of Prisons Prison Population...1 Chapter 2: Admissions and Discharges Introduction Admissions Discharges...4 Chapter 3: Socio- Economic Background of Prisoners Introduction Age Group, Origin and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Origin and Sex Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex Introduction...9 Chapter 4: Nationality of Prisoners Nationality and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Nationality and Sex...9 Chapter 5: Marital Status Introduction Marital Status and Sex Marital Status, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex Chapter 6: Religion Introduction i

4 6.2 Religion and Sex Religious Belief, Age group and Sex Crimes and Their Type by Religion and Sex Chapter 7: Education Introduction Highest Level of Education Completed by Sex Highest Level of Education Completed, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type, Education Level and Sex Chapter 8: Employment and Occupation Introduction Employment Status and Sex Employment Status, Age Group and Sex Crime Counts and Type of Employment Status and Sex Occupation and Sex Occupation, Age and Sex Tables Appendices ii

5 List of Tables Table Page Table 1 Number of Prisoners by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 2 Number of Releases/discharges, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 3 Number of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group, Origin and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 4 Crime Counts and Type by Origin and Sex for Zimbabwean Prisoners, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 5 Number of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 6 Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 7 Number of Prisoners by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 8 Crime Counts and Type by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 9 Number of Prisoners by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 10 Number of Prisoners by Marital Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 11 Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 12 Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 13 Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 14 Crime Counts and Type by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter iii

6 Table 15 Number of Prisoners by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 16 Number of Prisoners by Education Level, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 17 Crime Counts and Type by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 18 Number of Prisoners by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 19 Number of Prisoners by Employment Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 20 Crime Counts and Type by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Table 21 Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census,1 st Quarter Table 22 Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter iv

7 Acronyms Organisations ZIMSTAT ZPS Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency Zimbabwe Prison Service Crimes Assault GBH Crim Law Amend Act CP and E DD (posses) DD (cultivate) DD (supply) DD (smoke) HB and Theft Law & Order (poss arms) M.I.P. Misc. Offences Act Other Mov/Veh Offences POSA Receive Stolen Prop R.M.T. R.T.A. Theft by F/Pretences Witchcraft S Act Assault Grievous Body Harm Criminal Law Amendment Act Criminal Procedure and Evidence act Possession of Dangerous Drugs Cultivation of Dangerous Drugs Supplying of Dangerous Drugs Smoking of Dangerous Drugs House Breaking and Theft Law and Order Act (Possession of Arms) Malicious Injury to Property Miscellaneous Offences Act Other Moving Vehicle Offences Public Order and Security Act Receive Stolen Property Road Motor Transportation Act Road Traffic Act Theft by False Pretences Witchcraft Suppression Act Education Levels DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Diploma/Certificate after Primary Diploma/Certificate after Secondary Graduate/Post Graduate v

8 Sex M F Male Female Countries DRC SA Democratic Republic of Congo South Africa Occupation Domestic Wkrs (Pvt Homes) Dir. /Mgrs & Comp. Sec Gvt & Snr Officials Services excl. Domestic Domestic Workers in Private Homes Directors, Managers and Company Secretaries Government and Senior Officials Service workers excluding domestic workers vi

9 List of Figures Figure Page Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5(a) Distribution of Prison Population, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 4 th Quarter 2010 and 1 st Quarters Distribution of Prison Admissions by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Distribution of Prison Discharges by Reason and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1st Quarter Distribution of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Distribution of Male Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1st Quarter Figure 5(b) Distribution of Female Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8(a) Distribution of Prisoners by Religious Background and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Distribution of Prisoners by Educational Level and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Distribution of Male Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Figure 8(b) Distribution of Female Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter vii

10 Chapter 1: Prison Population 1.1 Introduction The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) through the Zimbabwe Prison Service (ZPS) collects information on prisons admissions and discharges on a monthly basis. Data are collected using the Admissions and Discharge/Release questionnaires (See Appendix 1). The information is used to measure and assess changes in crime trends and prison population characteristics. This report presents results for the 1 st Quarter of Distribution of Prisons The list of all prisons according to ZPS regions and ten provinces used by ZIMSTAT is shown in Appendix 2. Midlands Province has the highest number of prisons of eight, followed by Harare with five, while Mashonaland Central, Matabeleland South and Masvingo have the lowest number of prisons, with three each. 1.3 Prison Population The total prison population refers to the Zimbabwe Prison Service unlock figures, which refer to the total number of prisoners during the unlocking of prison doors or the total number of prisoners who would have slept in prison on the night of the previous day. Whereas the statistics in the remainder of this publication refer to the 1 st quarter of 2011 ending 31 March, the total prison population refers to unlock figures taken on the last Monday of the quarter, that is, 28 March The total prison population in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 was , an increase of nearly 11percent when compared to inmates in the 4 th Quarter of Figure 1 shows the distribution of the prison population for the 4 th Quarter of 2010 and 1 st Quarters of

11 Figure 1: Distribution of Prison Population, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 4 th Quarter 2010 and 1 st Quarter Prison Population

12 Chapter 2: Admissions and Discharges 2.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on prison admissions and discharges by reason of discharge and sex. Population characteristics are recorded on admission of prisoners into prison. 2.2 Admissions Table 1, on the number of prisoners admitted by province and sex, shows that a total of persons, consisting of males and 541 females, were imprisoned during the 1 st Quarter of Figure 2 shows the distribution of prison admissions by province and sex during the 1 st Quarter of Figure 2: Distribution of Prison Admissions by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter

13 Midlands province had the highest number of prisoners admitted during the 1 st Quarter of 2011 with males and 114 females followed by Mashonaland West with 681 males and 32 females and Mashonaland Central with 547 males and 26 females. The lowest number of prisoners of 121 (121 females) was recorded in Harare. The female only Prison, Chikurubi Female Prison, recorded the largest number of admissions of female prisoners of 121 during the 1 st Quarter of Discharges As shown in Table 2 and depicted in Figure 3 below, prisoners were discharged or released from prison for various reasons during the 1 st Quarter of For both males and females most of the prisoners were released on expiry of their sentences (1 194), payment of bail or free bail (1 053), or payment of fine (429). Eleven prisoners died in prison while 2 escaped from custody during the 1st Quarter of A total of 285 persons were released to perform community service. Of the 475 female prisoners released, 183 were on paid or free bail and 83 had served their sentence terms. 4

14 Figure 3: Distribution of Prison Discharges by Reason and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Population Male Female Reason of Discharge 5

15 Chapter 3: Socio- Economic Background of Prisoners 3.1 Introduction This and ensuing chapters describe characteristics of prisoners who were admitted during the 1st Quarter of This chapter describes the socio-economic background of prisoners, including their origin, sex, types of crime committed, frequency of crimes committed and nationality. Origin refers to the usual place of residence (rural or urban) of the prisoner at the time of imprisonment. 3.2 Age Group, Origin and Sex The distribution of Zimbabwean prisoners admitted during the 1 st Quarter of 2011 by age group, place of origin and sex is presented in Table 3. Figure 4 below, depicts the distribution of the prisoners by age group and sex. The highest number of prisoners from both rural and urban areas was of age 25 to 29 years (1 381), followed by those of age 20 to 24 years (1 131) and then 30 to 34 years (863). The ratio of urban to rural Zimbabwean prisoners admitted was about 1 to 3 for males and 1 to 1 for females 6

16 Figure 4: Distribution of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter Crime Counts and Type, Origin and Sex Table 4 presents the crime counts committed by prisoners of Zimbabwean nationality admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 classified by area of origin (urban/rural) and sex of prisoners. The most frequent crimes committed by males in urban areas were other theft, common assault and HB & theft while males in rural areas had common assault, other theft and HB & theft as their most frequent crimes. Crimes committed predominantly by females in urban areas were other theft, common assault and fraud while females in rural areas were mostly involved in other theft, common assault and HB & theft. 3.4 Age Group and Sex Table 5 presents the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011by age group and sex. The highest percentage of male prisoners (28 percent) and female prisoners (23 percent) were of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years for either sex. 7

17 3.5 Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex Table 6 shows the number of crime counts committed by prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 by age group and sex. The predominant crime committed by males under age 15 years was rape. Other theft, housebreaking and theft and stock theft were the most frequent crimes for males and females aged 15 to 44 years. For males aged 60 years and above, the most common crime was rape. 8

18 Chapter 4: Nationality of Prisoners 4.1 Introduction In this chapter, the nationality of prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011, is analysed according to the following countries or regions: Countries: Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom, Zambia and Zimbabwe Regions: America, Asian Countries, Oceania, Other African countries and Other European countries 4.2 Nationality and Sex From Table 7, 99 percent of the prisoners admitted were Zimbabweans. Mozambique had the highest number of prisoners of foreign nationality (21 males and no females), followed by Zambia (8 males and 5 females) and Malawi (10 males and 2 females). 4.3 Crime Counts and Type, Nationality and Sex The types of crime committed by prisoners by nationality and sex are presented in Table 8. The most frequent crimes committed by Zimbabwean males were common assault, other theft, housebreaking and theft and rape. Violation of the Immigration Act accounted for most of the imprisonment of foreign nationals, with 36 out of the 101 counts committed by nationals from other countries. 9

19 Chapter 5: Marital Status 5.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the marital status of prisoners. The prisoners were categorised into never married, married, divorced/separated and widowed. 5.2 Marital Status and Sex The distribution of prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 by marital status at the time of committing crime and sex is shown in Table 9 and illustrated in Figures 5(a) and 5(b). Figure 5(a): Distribution of Male Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1st Quarter 2011 Figure 5(b): Distribution of Female Prisoners by Marital Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1st Quarter 2011 The highest number of male prisoners were married (2 955), followed by those who were never married (1 464). For female prisoners, 263 were married while 195 were never married. The lowest number of prisoners of 90 (44 male, 46 female) were widowed. 10

20 5.3 Marital Status, Age Group and Sex Table 10 shows the distribution of prisoners by marital status, age and sex. The highest number for both male and female prisoners who were never married was of age 20 to 24 years. The highest number of married prisoners was in the age group 25 to 29 years for both sexes. The highest number of divorced/separated male prisoners was of age 35 to 39 years, while that for divorced/separated females was of age 25 to 29 years. The highest number for the widowed prisoners was of age 30 to 34 for males and 35 to 39 years for females. 5.4 Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex From Table 11, the most frequent crimes committed by never married and married male prisoners were common assault, other theft and housebreaking and theft. Married female prisoners were mainly imprisoned for common assault and other theft. Divorced/separated male prisoners had common assault and rape as the most frequent crimes while their female counterparts had other theft as the most frequent crime. 11

21 Chapter 6: Religion 6.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the religion of prisoners classified as follows: Traditional, Christian, Islam, Hindu, Other and Non-religious. Other religion includes all unspecified religions while non-religious prisoners do not follow any religion. 6.2 Religion and Sex The distribution of new prisoners in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 by religious beliefs and sex is shown in Table 12 and depicted in Figure 6. Sixty-one percent of the prisoners were Christian, 27 percent had no religion and 11 percent were traditionalists. Less than one percent of the prisoners were Hindu, Moslem or had other religion. Figure 6: Distribution of Prisoners by Religion and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter

22 6.3 Religious Belief, Age group and Sex Table 13 presents the distribution of prisoners by religion, age and sex. For all religions, the highest number of prisoners were of age 25 to 29 years (1 263 males and 120 females) followed by those of age 20 to 24 years (1 016 males and 115 females). 6.4 Crimes and Their Type by Religion and Sex As shown in Table 14, the three most frequent crimes for males who were neither follow Hindu or Islam were common assault, other theft and HB & theft. For females of similar religious persuasions, the most frequent crimes were other theft and common assault. 13

23 Chapter 7: Education 7.1. Introduction This chapter describes crimes committed in relation to the level of education attained by the prisoners at the time of imprisonment. The levels of education were classified as none (never attended school or did not complete grade 1), grades 1 to 7, forms 1 to 2, forms 3 to 4, forms 5 to 6, diploma/certificate after primary, diploma/certificate after secondary and graduate/postgraduate. 7.2 Highest Level of Education Completed by Sex Table 15, illustrated in Figure 7, presents the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter 2011 by the highest level of education attained and sex. The highest number of prisoners (47 percent of the males and 48 percent of the females) had attained forms 3 to 4, followed by those who had completed grades 1 to 7 (29 percent of the males and 27 percent of the females). Figure 7: Distribution of Prisoners by Educational Level and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter

24 7.3 Highest Level of Education Completed, Age Group and Sex The distribution of prisoners by level of education is presented in Table 16. The table show that for all age groups, the highest number of prisoners of both sexes had form 3 to 4 as their highest level of education. Forty-seven percent of males had completed form 3 or 4, 29 percent had primary education and 16 percent had form 1 to 2 education. A similar pattern of educational level was also observed for female prisoners. 7.4 Crime Counts and Type, Education Level and Sex Table 17 shows the distribution of crime counts of prisoners by highest level of education completed and sex. The three major crimes of common assault, other theft and HB & theft were committed mainly by males who had completed forms 3 to 4, grades 1 to 7 and forms 1 to 2, respectively. Males with no education were imprisoned mainly for rape, common assault and stock theft. Other theft was the most common crime among female prisoners and was committed by those with forms 3 to 4, primary and forms 1 to 2, respectively. 15

25 Chapter 8: Employment and Occupation 8.1 Introduction This chapter presents information on the employment status of prisoners and previous occupations of prisoners. The employment status was categorised into unemployed, employed and self-employed. 8.2 Employment Status and Sex Table 18, depicted in Figures 8(a) and 8(b), shows the distribution of prisoners by employment status and sex. Most of the prisoners were either unemployed (76 percent for both males and females) or employed (17 percent of the males and 15 percent of the females). Figure 8(a): Distribution of Male Prisoners by Employment Status Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter2011 Figure 8(b): Distribution of Female Prisoners by Employment Status, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter

26 8.3 Employment Status, Age Group and Sex The 25 to 29 years age group provided the highest number of employed male prisoners (195) followed by those aged 30 to 34 years (178) as shown in Table 19. The highest number of unemployed male prisoners (980) was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years (806). Most of the female prisoners were unemployed with the age group 20 to 24 years providing the highest number(99) followed by those aged 25 to 29 years (92). 8.4 Crime Counts and Type of Employment Status and Sex Table 20 presents the crimes committed in relation to employment status and sex of the offender. Unemployed male prisoners had common assault, other theft and HB & theft as the most committed crimes while unemployed females had other theft, common assault and HB & theft. Employed males committed mostly other theft, common assault and HB & theft while employed females committed mostly other theft. Male prisoners who were self-employed had common assault, other theft and HB & theft as the most committed crimes. 8.5 Occupation and Sex From Table 21 on occupation and sex, the highest number of male prisoners (76 percent) was unemployed followed by those who were in agriculture (5 percent) and mining and construction (5 percent). The highest number of female prisoners was unemployed (76 percent) followed by those engaged in services excluding domestic workers (9 percent) and domestic workers in private homes (4 percent). 8.6 Occupation, Age and Sex Table 22 shows the distribution of prisoners admitted in the 1 st Quarter of 2011 in relation to occupation, age and sex. The highest number of unemployed prisoners was of age 25 to 29 years followed by those aged 20 to 24 years. The highest number of male prisoners who were in the agricultural sector at the time of imprisonment was of a broad age group 20 to 29 years. 17

27 Tables Table 1: Number of Prisoners Admitted by Province and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Location by Province January February March Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Manicaland Chipinge Rusape Total Mashonaland Central Bindura Mt Darwin Total Mashonaland East Chivhu Murewa Mutoko Total Mashonaland West Chinhoyi Kadoma Total Matabeleland North Binga Hwange Tsholotsho Total

28 Location by Province January February March Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Matabeleland South Beitbridge Plumtree Total Midlands Gokwe Kwekwe Shurugwi Whawha Med Zvishavane Total Masvingo Chiredzi Total Harare Chikurubi Female Total Bulawayo Khami Remand Mlondolozi Total Total

29 Table 2: Number of Releases/ Discharges, Zimbabwe Prison Census, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Reason for January February March Total Discharge/Release Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Sentence Expired Medical Grounds Deaths Bail Paid Fine Paid Case Withdrawn Escaped Further Remand Refused Community Service Cuts Inflicted Other Total

30 Table 3: Number of Zimbabwean Prisoners by Age Group, Origin and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Age Group Area Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total < Total

31 Table 4: Crime Counts and Type by Origin and Sex for Zimbabwean Prisoners, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Crime Area Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(possess arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws

32 Table 4(Contd) Crime Area Urban Rural Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/ Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

33 Table 5: Number of Prisoners by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Age Group Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total < Total

34 Table 6: Crime Counts and Type by Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

35 Table 6(Contd) Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/ Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft of Goats Theft by F/ Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting

36 Table 6(Contd) Crime Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

37 Table 6(Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

38 Table 6(Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/ Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft of Goats Theft by F/ Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting

39 Table 6(Contd) Crime Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

40 Table 7: Number of Prisoners by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census 1 st Quarter 2011 Country/Region Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total

41 Table 8: Crime Counts and Type by Nationality and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

42 Table 8(Contd) Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

43 Table 8(Contd) Crime D.R. Congo Botswana Malawi Mozambique S. Africa Zambia Nigeria Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

44 Table 8(Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

45 Table 8(Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(possess arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov./ Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

46 Table 8(Contd) Crime Ghana Zimbabwe Other Africa Other Europe Asia Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

47 Table 9: Number of Prisoners by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Marital Status January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total

48 Table 10: Number of Prisoners by Marital Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Age Group Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

49 Table 11: Crime Counts and Type by Marital Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

50 Table 11(Contd) Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

51 Table 11(Contd) Crime Marital Status Never Married Married Divorced/Separated Widowed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

52 Table 12: Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Religion Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total

53 Table 13: Number of Prisoners by Religious Belief, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Age Group Religion Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

54 Table 14: Crime Counts and Type by Religious Belief and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

55 Table 14 (Contd) Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order(Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

56 Table 14 (Contd) Crime Religion Traditional Christian Islam Hindu Other None Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by False Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

57 Table 15: Number of Prisoners by Highest Level of Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Educational Level Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total None Grade Form Form Form DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total

58 Table 16: Number of Prisoners by Education Level, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Age Group Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

59 Table 16(Contd) Age Group Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec G/Post Grad Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

60 Table 17: Crime Counts and Type by Education Completed and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter, 2011 Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

61 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

62 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level None Grade 1-7 Form 1-2 Form 3-4 Form 5-6 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

63 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec Graduate/Post Graduate Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD(possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms

64 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec Graduate/Post Graduate Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law & Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery

65 Table 17 (Contd) Crime Educational Level DC. Prim DC. Sec Graduate/Post Graduate Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

66 Table 18: Number of Prisoners by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter, 2011 Employment Status Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total

67 Table 19: Number of Prisoners by Employment Status, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter, 2011 Age Group Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female < Total

68 Table 20: Crime Counts and Type by Employment Status and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter, 2011 Crime Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Contempt of Court Abortion Assault Common Assault Indecent Culpable Homicide Murder Rape Fraud M.I.P Receiving Stolen Prop H.B. & Theft Theft of Car Theft from Car C/Martial AWOL Robbery Armed Robbery Other Common Law Statute Law (Act) Broadcasting Act Control of Goods Crim Law Amend Act Customs and Excise DD (possess) DD(cultivate) Electoral Act Fire Arms Forests Harmful Liquids Immigration Income Tax Law & Order(poss arms) Law and Order (Other) Liquor(shebeens) Liquor Other Misc. Offence Act Municipal Bye-laws Parks & Wildlife No Drivers Licence No Insurance

69 Table 20(Contd) Crime Employment Status Employed Unemployed Self Employed Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Reckless Driving Dangerous Driving Driving Without Due Care Other Mov/Veh Offences Other R.T.A All Other Statute Law Forgery & Uttering Infanticide Incest Bestiality Witchcraft S. Act Bribery Theft of Goats Theft by F/Pretences Theft by Conversion Shoplifting Theft of Bicycle Stock Theft Theft Other Theft by Finding Telecommunications Act Mines & Minerals Act Sexual Offences Act Kidnapping POSA-(Public Violence) POSA-(Other) Child Abuse Concealment of Birth Act Maintenance Act Escaping from Custody Impersonation Extortion Touting Total

70 Table 21: Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter, 2011 Occupation Period January February March Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Artists Religion Machine Operators Law and Security Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Unemployed Total

71 Table 22: Number of Prisoners by Occupation Group, Age Group and Sex, Zimbabwe Prison Census, 1 st Quarter 2011 Occupation Type Age Group < Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Artists Religion Machine Operators Law and Security Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Unemployed Total

72 Table 22(Contd) Occupation Type Age Group Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Armed Forces Gvt & Snr Officials Dir./Mgrs & Comp. Sec Natural Sciences Engineers and Technicians Life Sciences Professionals Education Business and Finance Artists Religion Machine Operators Law and Security Administration Clerks and Secretaries Transport Services(excl. Domestic) Domestic Workers(Pvt. Homes) Agriculture Mining and Construction Mechanics Manufacturing Unemployed Total

73 Appendices Appendix 1: Admission and Discharge Questionnaires CONFIDENTIAL Zimbabwe Prison Statistics New Prisoners Prison Code Month Year Page 1.1 New Prisoners Number (Do not include the year of admission) 1 Identity 2 Education and Employment 3Crime Religion Highest Crime o Length Age Place of o District Employment (When crime was committed) For 3.1 F F 4.2. Age Marital a Educat Office r C Usual Residence r Of N 2 on Last Status i Tradi- Level Use O u Crime O Residence t 1 ion Status Occupation o Of (when Usual S Birth tional 1 Was E -day o Completed Only f t ce ted) f Employed f n Senten Commit- f X 1 n 2 Never a Christian (see code 2 i s i Marri 1 at the ed l Unemployed code c (see c M 3 back) i a Islam e e at the 2 l t 3 back) Marri e y 4 Self- O O ed Hindu Employed n n 2 3 (see F 5 l l Divor code e Other y y ced/ at the m Separ back) a 6 ated l None e 4 Wido wed For Office Use Only Compiled by.. Date. Officer in Charge 64

74 1.1 Prison Code Province / Prison Code Province / Prison Code Province / Prison Code Province / Prison Code Manicaland Midlands Bulawayo Harare Chipinge 11 Connemara 71 Bulawayo 911 Chikurubi Farm 951 Mutare 12 Connemara Open 72 Khami Max. 912 Chikurubi Female 952 Rusape 13 Gokwe 73 Khami Med. 913 Chikurubi Max 953 Mutare Farm 14 Kwekwe 74 Khami Remand 914 Harare Central 954 Mberengwa 75 Mlondolozi 915 Harare Remand 955 Mashonaland Central Shurugwi 76 Bindura 21 Whawha 77 Matabeleland North Mashonaland East Mazowe 22 Whawha Med. 78 Binga 51 Chivhu 31 Mt Darwin 23 Zvishavane 79 Hwange 52 Marondera 32 Nkayi 53 Murewa 33 Mashonaland West Masvingo Tsholotsho 54 Mutoko 34 Chinhoyi 41 Chiredzi 81 Kadoma 42 Masvingo 82 Matabeleland South Karoi 43 Mutimurefu 83 Beitbridge 61 Hurungwe 44 Gwanda 62 Plumtree Country/Region of Origin Country/Region Code Country/Region Code Country/Region Code D.R. Congo 40 Zambia 45 United Kingdom 51 Botswana 41 Nigeria 46 Other Europe 52 Malawi 42 Ghana 47 N. America 53 Mozambique 43 Zimbabwe 48 S. America 54 S. Africa 44 Other Africa 49 Asia 55 Oceania Education Level 3.3 Sentence Level Code Level Code Sentence Code Sentence Code Sentence Code Never attended school 00 Form 1 11 Fined 00 8 years and less than 9 19 Detained by 30 day 28 years order Sub A or Grade 1 01 Form 2 12 Less than 1 year 11 9 years and less than Judgment debtors 29 years Sub B or Grade 2 02 Form year and less than years and above 21 Detained by Ministerial 30 years order Std. 1 or Grade 3 03 Form years and less than 3 13 Life Sentence 22 Prohibited immigrants 31 years Std. 2 or Grade 4 04 Form years and less than 4 14 Extended Sentence 23 Cuts/Corporal 32 years Punishment Std. 3 or Grade 5 05 Form years and less than 5 15 Death sentence 24 Criminal Mental Patient 33 years Std. 4 or Grade 6 06 Diploma/Certificate after 21 5 years and less than 6 16 Community Service 25 Commital to 34 Secondary years Reformatory Std. 5 and 6 or Grade 7 07 Graduate/Post Graduate 22 6 years and less than 7 17 Mental detained persons 26 years Diploma/Certificate after Primary 20 7 years and less than 8 years 18 F/E and C/T 27 65

75 Confidential Zimbabwe Prison Statistics, Discharges/Releases Prison Code Month. Year. Page 1 Prisoners Number 1 Number 2 Year 2 Se x 1 M 2 F Sentence Expired 1 Medical Ground 2 Death 3 Executi -on 4 Bail paid or free bail 5 Fine paid 6 3 Reason for Discharge Case Withd rawn 7 Escaped 8 Further Remand Refused 9 Amnesty 10 Community Service 11 Cuts Inflict ed 12 Other 13 Compiled by Date. Officer in Charge 66