SPL-Fréjus. Some performances Fréjus site French Photodetector R&D. Thanks: A. Cazes, M. Mezzetto, L. Mosca, Th. Schwetz and IPNO & LAL engeeners.

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1 J.E Campagne SPL-Fréjus Some performances Fréjus site French Photodetector R&D Thanks: A. Cazes, M. Mezzetto, L. Mosca, Th. Schwetz and IPNO & LAL engeeners. See also talk at Acc. WG ISS-CERN 22-24/9/05

2 Some ingredients for physics analysis 440kT Water Č located 130km from CERN (see site later) Essentially SK analysis with tighter cuts for e/µ id (cf. hep-ph/ ) Use energy resolution dominated by Fermi motion* (200MeV bins) 2% systematics on signal & bkgd (see effect later) Optimized machine versions: βb (M. Mezzetto) and SB (A.C + J.E.C) Use Atmospheric Neutrinos (Th. Schwetz) GLoBES & NUANCE *: migration matrix for βb ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 2

3 Particle Id (from M. Mezzetto) ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 3

4 Fluxes 130km ~95 ν µ CC /kt/yr* <E ν > ~ 300 MeV, /m 2 /yr 3.5GeV SPL optimum <E ν > ~ 275 MeV, /m 2 /yr Old νfact optimum Reflector: 50% of the Flux *: Lipari x-sect. (see later) ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 4

5 βb and SB fluxes ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 5

6 Analysis: GLoBES + M. Mezzetto s parameterization file 440kT x 5yrs: 2,2 Mt.yrs (+) ν µ ν e (Sig) ν µ ν e (Bkg) Frac. of Bkg Reduction Factor ν µ ν µ (Sig) ν µ ν µ (Bkg) θ 13 = 1 33 (δ δ = π/2) ν e ν e CC 90% 0.707(1060) (δ δ = π/2) θ 13 = (δ δ = π/2) π 0 from NC 6% (δ δ = π/2) ν µ ν µ CC (µ missid) 3% (90) (45) 0.677(15) 3 ( ν µ ν µ CC) sin 2 2θ 13 = (δ δ = 0 ) 3670 (δ δ = 0 ) ν e ν e CC 1% sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, θ 23 =π/4, m 2 21 = ev 2, m 2 31 = ev 2 Reduction factor and efficiencies taken from SK simulation (D. Casper) and a tight cut for e/µ misid. (cf. hep-ph/ ) ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 6

7 Kaon/pion production? Preliminary (15/9/05) FLUKA % Big difference [ ] GeV FLUKA HARP? ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 7

8 The X-sections ν µ SPL ---: Lipari et al. PRL74(95)4384 on H 2 0 βb is an ideal tool to measure these crosssections and a 2% systematic error on both signal and background are used. Require close position ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 8

9 Comparison with other facilities Systematics ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 9

10 Effect of the systematic (sig. & bkg) SPL Much more dramatic than ambiguities at small θ 13 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) True values: (δ/π, sin 2 2θ 13 ) sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, sin 2 θ 23 =0,4 m 2 21 = ev 2, m 2 31 = ev 2 5% external precision on θ 12 & m 2 21 use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum analysis ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 10

11 Remove ambiguities with ATM ν Favorable case sin 2 θ 23 =0.6 10yrs Th. S Contour after ATM combination : true value ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 11

12 Fréjus site possibility HK New Fréjus Henderson L.M ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 12

13 New Fréjus Cavern (MEMPHYS) L.Mosca 65m CERN 130km Fréjus* *: Modane 4800mwe 60m 5x200,000m 3 H 2 0 Based on well experienced civil engineer studies. First cost and time estimate will come soon for a dedicated operation. Beyond that a Design Study is needed ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 13

14 PMT size <=> cost NNN05 Diameter 20 <=> (20 )17 <=> 12 projected area cm² QE(typ) % CE % Cost Cost/cm² per useful PE U = cost/(cm²xqexce) /PE U /cm² ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 14

15 Quantities and total cost NNN ,000 x 2500 = 500M ,000 x 800 = 432M Comment: one should integrate the electronic + HV price ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 15

16 Photodetector R&D in France R&D launched after NNN05 but based on ongoing R&D with Photonis IPN-Orsay, LAL & Photonis together in an official GIS to develop Smart- Photodetectors (ie electronic up to ADC/TDC included): 6 engineers + 2 post-docs + Photonis engineers 200k /3yrs has been asked at the new National Research Agency (ANR) NNN05: 500,000 PMT /u ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 16

17 New pump capacity needed? Delivery over 6 years 300 working days/year tube NNN05 50,000/6/300 => 28 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 40 starts/day (1 start/pump/day) => 40 pumps ( 7M or so) tube 135,000/6/300 => 75 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 110 starts/day. A multi-array computerised pump at Photonis handles 20 starts/day => 6 pumps ( 2M or so) Comment: x4 the PMT numbers ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 17

18 + Sub-conclusions 12 seems much better than 20 /17 cost per useful photoelectron & total PMT cost Timing single-electron resolution (17 equal) granularity weight and handling implosion risk investments and start-up NNN05 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 18

19 Photonis has all the technical capability needed! R&D cooperation: detailed & intensive talks are going on with the MEMPHYS collaboration to define a balanced programme Workshop planned in the spring NNN05 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 19

20 Electronics Taken in charge by LAL: from amplifier up to ADC/TDC based on past experience with similar state of the art front-end electronics developed for OPERA, W-Si ILC prototype, LHCb ¼ p.e (3kHz from SK) TDC: 12bits 0,4ns/c ADC: 12bits 0,15pC/c with adc channels. High speed digital readout Cost reduction thanks to high level of integration Use AMS 0,35µm BiCMOS ASIC Trigger PMT Ampli. Slow shaper Fast shaper S&H ADC Trigger TDC Digital Info ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 20

21 Mechanics & PMT tests Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT 8, 9 12 and Hybrid- PMT and HPD Electronic box water tight Basic unit that we want to build and test under water IPNO ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 21

22 Some PMT characteristics measurements XP Not the best Not the worse P/V~3 1pe spectrum 2kV/G=10 7 IPNO 14/9/05 g=25 before ADC No diff. 5,8,10 so 12 should be identical ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 22

23 Summary The MEMPHYS Mt-scale Water Cerencov detector has a quite good accelerator neutrino program (not exposed here the Pdk and SN ν) The R&D on photodetector is started in France and will come in 2006 with first version of SmartDetector The Civil engineer pre-study for new Fréjus Lab. has been performed and seems encouraging (first costing will come soon) Thank you ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 23

24 END ISS-CERN 22-24/9/05

25 Other expected performances m 2 31 & sin 2 θ 23 measurements 3σ θ yrs (+) 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) Cannot resolve the octant alone ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 25

26 First results of a feasibility study for a Megaton-scale (Memphys) Laboratory at Fréjus -> the best site (rock quality) is found in the middle of the mountain at a depth of 4800 mwe : a really good chance! -> of the two considered shapes : tunnel and shaft, the shaft (= well) shape is strongly preferred -> with vertical cylinder shafts, a possible scenario is : 5 shafts of m 3 each = m 3 (Φ = 65m, h = 80m) -> with egg shape or intermediate shape shafts, this scenario could be still improved (only 4 shafts needed) -> an estimate of the time needed for the excavation and of the cost is under way L.Mosca

27 Use of the Atmospheric Data Th. S ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 27

28 Some physics performances CP 3σ preliminary 2yrs (+) 8yrs (-) Old Opti. New Opti. True values (δ CP,θ) Tests δ CP =0 and δ CP =π sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, θ 23 =π/4, m 2 21 = , m 2 31 = % external precision on θ 12 and m 2 21 use SPL disappearance channel 2% syst on signal & bkg Octant and mass hierarchy degeneracy have little impact on the contour. Use glbchidelta and χ 2 (1dof)=9 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 28

29 Some comparisons with other facilities ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 29

30 Some physics performances 440kT water Č, 4MW SPL, GLoBES δ CP =0 90%CL New Opt. Old Opt. 5yrs (+) True values: ( m 2 3, sin2 2θ 13 ) sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, θ 23 =π/4, m 2 21 = ev 2 5% external precision on θ 12 and m 2 21 and use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum analysis* 2% syst. on signal & bkg preliminary Sin 2 2θ 13 (90%CL) = (0.7 ) sizeable improvement *: 5 bins [0.08,1.08] GeV (χ 2 (2dof)=4.6 or 11.83) ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 30

31 130km: composition + Focusing π+ π µ+ ~1/2 µ & 1/2 K 0 e3 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVπ focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius Focusing π π+ µ ~1/3 µ+ & 1/3 K 0 e3 & 1/3 K+ e3 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 31

32 Evolution of the performances 2yrs (+), 8 yrs ( ) 0.5 NNN05 Solid: SPL+ATM Dashed: SPL only New Prelim νfact opt. Wrong 3.5 GeV opt. 0 δ/π hierarchy and θ 23 Wrong hierarchy δ/π %CL sin 2 2θ 13 Wrong θ 23 true sin 2 2θ 13-1 True values: δ CP /π =-0.85, sin 2 2θ 13 =0.03, sin 2 θ 23 =0.4, 5% external precison on m 2 21 = , m 2 31 = , θ 23 cf. Th. Schwetz ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 32

33 440kT x 8yrs: 3,5 Mt.yrs (-) ν µ ν e (Sig) ν µ ν e (Bkg) Frac. of Bkg Reduction Factor ν µ ν µ (Sig) ν µ ν µ (Bkg) θ 13 = 1 sin 2 2θ 13 = (δ δ = π/2) ν e ν e CC 45% 0.677(220) (δ = π/2) θ 13 = 3 sin 2 2θ 13 = (δ δ = π/2) ν e ν e CC 35% (δ δ = π/2) 18% 0.707(170) (90) (10) 1 ( ν µ ν µ CC) sin 2 2θ 13 = (δ δ = 0 ) 1140 (δ δ = 0 ) π 0 from NC ν µ ν µ CC (µ missid) 2% sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, θ 23 =π/4, m 2 21 = ev 2, m 2 31 = ev 2 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 33

34 CDR2 block diagrams CERN proton complex 95 kev 3 MeV 180 MeV 3.5 GeV 10 m 83 m ~ 350 m 40MeV 90MeV 400 MeV 900 MeV H - RFQ chopp. DTL-CCDTL-SCL RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 β 0.65 β 0.8 β 1 β 1 dump Source Front End Normal Conducting Superconducting 352 MHz 704 MHz 1-2 GeV to EURISOL LINAC 4 SPL CDR2 Preliminary Layout Work in progress! 1-2GeV Eurisol, βb 2-3.5GeV 3.5 GeV to PS & Accumulator Ring (Neutrino Facility) Debunching SuperB, NuFact Stretching and collimation line ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 34

35 Global planning (R.G courtesy) RF tests in SM 18 of prototype structures* for Linac4 3 MeV test place ready Linac4 approval CDR 2 SPL approval ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 35

36 θ 13 and δ CP Sensitivity computation Use GLoBES v and M. Mezzetto SPL.glb file detector: 1. Water Cerenkov kt 3. at Fréjus (130 km from CERN) Run: 1. 5 years π + Same 2. 1 year π years π - duration Same statistics 3. 2 years π years π - Computed with δ CP =0 (standard benchmark) and θ 13 = 0 other parameters 1. m 23 = ev 2 2. m 12 = ev 2 sin 2 2θ 23 = 1.0 sin 2 2θ 12 = 0.82 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 36

37 130km: - focusing π+ 1/3 µ+ 1/3 K 0 e3 1/3 K+ e3 ν µ x1/10 π- x1/1300 x1/200 µ- ν e 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVπ focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius ν µ ν e ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 37

38 130km: + focusing ν µ ν e π+ µ+ x1/140 ν µ x1/17 x1/3000 ν e 3.5GeV Kinetic p beam ~800MeVπ focusing 40m decay tunnel length 2m decay tunnel radius π- ~1/2 µ- ~1/2 K 0 e3 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 38

39 Mass hierarchy sensitivity Atm. LBL Atm+LBL T2K-II takes benefit of more matter effect Th. S ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 39

40 Evolution of the performances 440kT water Č, 4MW SPL Improve significantly T2K-I ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 40

41 5 years positive focusing Energy comparison Focusing comparison m 2 23 (ev 2 ) m 2 23 (ev 2 ) E ν ~260MeV δ CP = 0 δ CP = sin 2 2θ 10-3 sin θ 13 tunnel : 40m long 2m radius E k = 4.5GeV E ν =300MeV Best sin 2 2θ 13 > ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 41

42 50 0 positive focusing vs 10 years mixed scenario. Energy comparison 5y+ 2y+ 8y- Focusing comparison 300MeV 4.5GeV 300MeV 3.5GeV 260MeV 3.5GeV GeV 3.5GeV 4.5GeV 8GeV y+ 2y+ 8y tunnel : 40m long 2m radius 10-3 E k = 3.5GeV E ν =300MeV Best sin 2 2θ 13 > ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL %CL

43 General comparison. 5y mixed focusing 10y mixed focusing 5y positive focusing for 10 years in mixed focusing, sensitivity around θ 13 ~1 Clear complementarily between positive scenario and βbeam (δ CP >0) ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 43

44 Super Beam & beta Beam SPL This optimisation β beam Combined 3σ discovery potential curves M. Mezzetto Villars SPSC 04 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 44

45 MARS vs FLUKA At the entrance of the SB decay tunnel (after the horn focusing) Discrepancies reduced in the beam line R = 1m No angular cut A. Cazes thesis ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 45

46 Flux calculation New Low energy Small boost low focusing Need a high number of events (~10 15 evts!!!) Use probability (M. Donega thesis approach) 1. Each time a pion, a muon, or a kaon is decayed by Geant, compute the probability for the neutrino to reach the detector 2. Use this probability as a weight, and fill an histogram with the neutrino energy 3. There are few kaons therfore a kaon produced in the target is duplicated many times: ~ Gives neutrino spectrum. ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 46

47 Horn design parameter for Super Beam Conductor thickness : 3mm horn : 300kAmps reflector : 600kAmps Challenging!!! 80 cm 140 cm 220 cm Drawing from the horn built at CERN Optimized for Super Beam HORN inner radius 3.4cm Using Geant NuFact-Note 138 E ν ~300MeV E π ~800MeV + or - focusing neck length 40cm outer radius 20.5cm total length 140cm REFLECTOR outer radius 40cm total length 220cm ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 47

48 SPL block diagram (CDR 1) Characteristics (Conceptual Design Report 1): are optimized for a neutrino factory assume the use of LEP cavities & klystrons up to the highest energy 2.2GeV ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 48

49 Some physics performances True values: δ CP =0, θ 13 =0, sin 2 2θ 12 =0.82, θ 23 =π/4, m 2 21 = , m 2 31 = % external precision on θ 12 and m 2 21 and use SPL disappearance channel 2yrs (+) 8yrs ( ) Rate only Spectrum analysis (prelim.) Old SPL T2K-I 2yrs (+) 8yrs ( ) x10 5yrs (+) preliminary preliminary 90%CL (χ 2 (2dof)=4.6) 2% syst. on signal & bkg Improve T2K-I ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 49

50 Gradients at 700 MHz from Stephane Chel, HIPPI04, Frankfurt, sep04 Last test performed in CryHoLab (July 04): 5-cells 700 MHz ß=0.65 Nb cavity A5-01 from CEA/Saclay and IPN-Orsay 1E+11 Q 0 1E+10 1E+09 Vertical Cryostat (Fast Cooling) Horizontal Test in CryHoLab (B1) quench 1E E acc ( MV/m ) LEP cavities may have worked 350MHz & 3.6MV/m effective gradient NuFact Note 040 ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 50

51 m 2 21 =810-5 ev 2, m 2 31 = ev 2, L=130km Choice of the Energy c 23 =s 23 =1/ 2,tan 2 θ 12 =0.4 Neglecting Matter effect (Ok CERN-Frejus), for δ CP = 0 Maximum of probability is obtained for 2famillies formula E ν = 250MeV sin 2 2θ 13 =10-2, E ν =320MeV sin 2 2θ 13 =10-3, E ν =390MeV ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 51

52 Beam Energy comparison m 2 23 (ev 2 ) E ν ~260MeV y+ 2y+ 8y δ CP = GeV 3.5GeV 4.5GeV 8GeV 10-3 sin 2 2θ 13 hep-ex/ with an early version of analysis GeV is an optimum ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 52