Wei Wang University of Wisconsin-Madison. NNN09, Estes Park, Colorado, Oct 8, 2009

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1 The Hunt for at Daya Bay University of Wisconsin-Madison NNN09, Estes Park, Colorado, Oct 8, 2009

2 Outline Neutrino oscillation and the search for θ 13 The Daya Bay neutrino experiment - Design of the Daya Bay detector and systematic budget - Systematic uncertainty control - Simulated performance - Predicted sensitivity and discovery potential Current civil status and installation activities Summary and timeline 2

3 Continue the Neutrino Exploration U PMNS = cos θ 23 sin θ 23 0 sin θ 23 cos θ 23 atmospheric & long-baseline accelerator experiments cos θ 13 0 e iδ CP sin θ e iδ CP sin θ 13? 0 cos θ 13 cos θ 12 sin θ 12 0 sin θ 12 cos θ solar & long-baseline reactor experiments θ13 is the gateway to lepton CP-V. Its value is crucial for the planning of the next generation appearance experiments for CP Two ways to measure θ13 - Short-baseline reactor experiments: P νe ν e - Long-baseline appearance experiments: P νµ ν e = sin θ sin 2θ al m =1 sin 2 2θ 13 sin L 4E sin( 31 al)e i( 32+δ CP ) + cos θ 23 sin 2θ al sin(al) 2 3

4 Direct Search Limits on θ % CL (2 dof) GLOBAL 2007 m 2 31 [ev2 ] SK+K2K+MINOS CHOOZ 10-3 SOL+KAML +CHOOZ Boehm et al PRD Direct Search: sin 2 2θ 13 90% C.L sin 2 13 Global Analysis: Schwetz, arxiv: sin 2 2θ 13 90% C.L. 4

5 The Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment 2 near-sites + 1 far-site 8 identical 20 t detectors To reach ~0.01 in sin22θ13 Far Ling Ao near Water hall The Daya Bay Site, Southern China Depth DYB Site 98 m LA Site 112 m Far Site 350 m Construction tunnel Ling Ao II cores Ling Ao cores LS hall Entrance Daya Bay near Daya Bay cores 5

6 The Daya Bay Collaboration 6

7 The Detection Technique 0.1% Gd doped liquid scintillator as target ν e + p e + + n ~49,000b 0.3b n + p D + γ(2.2 MeV) E νe E e + + m n m p n + Gd Gd Gd + γ( 8 MeV) Delayed 8 MeV signal background suppression well-defined target zone NEPPSR09 7

8 Baselines of the Daya Bay Experiment P νe ν x = sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 m 2 31 L 4E Assume sin 2 2θ 13 =0.1 m + cos 4 θ 13 sin 2 2θ 12 sin L 4E Baselines (m) DYB Site LA Site Far Site DYB LA LA II Expected events (/day/detector) DYB Site LA Site Far Site IBD Evts near sites far site BKG Evts <0.6% <0.5% <0.4% 8

9 The Design of the Detectors Calibration Boxes Overflow Reflector PMT Radial Shield Stainless Tank Mineral Oil Outer AV & LS Inner AV & Gd doped LS 3-zone design: Gd-LS, LS & mineral oil 20 t target mass: 0.1% Gd doped LS 192 PMTs+ top/bottom reflectors submerged in water Cherenkov/RPC veto 9

10 The Detector Systematic Budget Detector Uncertainty Sources Baseline Goal Number of protons 0.3% 0.1% Energy cut 0.2% 0.1% H/Gd ratio 0.1% 0.1% Detector Efficiency Time cut 0.1% 0.03% Neutron Multiplicity 0.05% 0.05% Trigger 0.01% 0.01% Live time <0.01% <0.01% Total uncertainty 0.38% 0.18% 10

11 Detector Systematic Uncertainty Control Acrylic vessels and liquid scintillator - manufactured and filled in pairs Target mass control - load cells to measure the target mass to 0.1% - flow meter during filling 0.1% - liquid level monitoring with redundant systems Energy calibration uncertainty 1%~2% - 3 automated calibration units two for Gd-LS and one for LS 68 Ge(positron), 60 Co ( MeV)+ 241 Am- 13 C(neutron) & LED - Detection efficiency uncertainty ~0.2% The RPC+Water Cherenkov muon system detection efficiency ~99.5% 11

12 Precision Target Mass Control and Monitoring Gd-LS and LS filling are measured with loadcells and Coriolis flowmeter: precision <0.02%; During running: 3 independent systems to monitor overflow levels <0.05% Center GdLS/LS overflow to control target mass uncertainty LS calibration port Ultrasonic liquid surface sensor (uncertainty < 0.01%) Capacitance liquid level sensor Off-center GdLS/LS calibration port CCD cameras to monitor the liquid level. Cross check the central overflow monitoring system 12

13 Production and Evaluation of Liquid Scintillator Daya Bay uses LAB LAB is compatible with acrylic Two main challenges: - dissolve inorganic Gd into organic LS - keep it stable (lessons from past) 4 ton test batch since 2009/03 5,000 l 0.1% Gd-LS test Gd-LS will be produced in multiple batches but mixing in a reservoir on-site to ensure identicalness 13

14 Detector Performance from Simulation Detection efficiencies: - 1 MeV cut for prompt positrons: >99%, uncertainty negligible. - 6 MeV cut for delayed neutrons: 91.5%, uncertainty 0.22% assuming 1% energy uncertainty. Energy resolution: ~12%/ E e + vertex resolution: ~13 cm Events vertex res: ~13 cm Entries Mean RMS Resolution (%) Energy res: ~12%/ E / 7 P Arbitrary Units True Energy Geant Energy Reconstructed Energy Positron Energy Spectrum (MeV) r (cm) Energy (MeV) 14

15 Daya Bay Sensitivity m 2 ( 10-3 ev 2 ) Chooz Daya Bay 3 y Sensitivity at 90% C.L. Δm 312 = ev sin

16 Daya Bay Discovery Potential Another Global Analysis: Fogli et al find a hint of non-zero θ 13 in arxiv: m 2 ( 10-3 ev 2 ) Daya Bay sin

17 Civil Progress LS Hall is ready Near Hall #1 will be ready in Nov 2009 Surface Assembly Building Far Hall Near Hall #2 Finished Tunnel Entrance Near Hall #1 LS Hall LS Hall Entrance Near Hall #1 17

18 Installation Activities 4m AV Lifting Lifting SSV 4m AV Delivery Inside SAB AV Nesting Reflector Installing Loaded AGV 18

19 Summary and Schedule The Daya Bay neutrino experiment deploys 8 identical antineutrino detectors to cancel out the correlated systematic uncertainties With the current technique and ongoing R&D, the Daya Bay neutrino experiment will reach a sensitivity of ~0.01 to sin 2 2θ 13 with 3 years of data taking We are currently assembling the first detector at Daya Bay A dry run of the first detector is scheduled for December 2009; The first pair detectors will be installed at the Daya Bay near site in Spring 2010; Data taking with the first pair will begin in Summer 2010 In the Summer of 2011, all 8 detectors will start data taking 19

20

21 The Detector Simulation Baseline GEANT4 model of the antineutrino detector: - Geometry: an idealized 3-zone detector plus top and bottom reflectors. - Material properties: based on past knowledge, current R&D programs and the IHEP prototype. - For details, hep-ex/ Effects of the realistic designs such as ribs, overflow/calibration tubes, etc are simulated separately. 21

22 Sensitivity Calculation χ 2 = min γ + α2 c σ 2 c 8 A=1 + r N bins i=1 α 2 r σ 2 r M A i + N bins i=1 T A i β 2 i σ 2 shp 1+αc + r ωa r α r + β i + ε D + ε A d + ε2 D σ 2 D + A=1 η A f F A i η A n N A i η A s S A i Ti A +(σ b2b Ti A)2 8 ε A 2 d η A 2 f η A n η A + s σ d σ A f σ A n σ A s 2 2 Mi A,Ti A : measured and expected numbers of events ωr A : reactor weight factors due to different baselines α, β, ε, η: nuisance parameters Fi A, Ni A, Si A : accidental, fast neutron and 8 He/ 9 Li backgrounds Minimizing the chi-square with respect to the nuisance parameters, we are able to predict the Daya Bay sensitivity. 22

23 Sensitivity Calculation Inputs (Baseline) Uncertainty Description Value σc The correlated reactor uncertainty 2.0% Reactor Related σr The uncorrelated reactor uncertainty 2.0% σshp The shape uncertainty of the neutrino spectra 2.0% σd Correlated detector uncertainty 2.0% Detector Related σd Uncorrelated detector uncertainty 0.38% σb2b Bin-to-bin uncertainty 0.3% Site Related σf, σn, σs Background uncertainty 0.3% 23

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