SciBar and future K2K physics. F.Sánchez Universitat Aútonoma de Barcelona Institut de Física d'altes Energies

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1 SciBar and future K2K physics F.Sánchez Universitat Aútonoma de Barcelona Institut de Física d'altes Energies ICRR, 29 th October 2003

2 Outline Introduction: K2K SciBar detector: Physics goals Design Electron catcher Installation & Commisioning status Prospects & concluding remarks

3 K2K Search for neutrino oscillations using accelerator-produced neutrinos neutrino beam Conventional ν µ Average energy ~1.3GeV Produced at the 12 GeV PS proton accelerator at KEK. Far Detector (Super-Kamiokande) Detect neutrino signal after possible oscillation. 250 km distance from KEK Near Detectors at KEK Measure neutrino flux and spectrum at the production point. Study neutrino interactions. 200 m downstream the production target

4 K2K Protons interact with Al target and produce π. π's are foused by a magnetic horn. π's decay at a long decay pipe producing ν µ Horn and target Decay pipe Neutrinos are produced at the KEK 12 GeV PS proton synchrotron. A detector located at 200 m from the production measures the neutrino flux.

5 K2K near detector ( ) 1 Kton water Čerenkov detector water target 25 ton fiducial. Scintillating fiber tracker water target 6 ton fiducial. Lead glass detector Muon range detector Fe target 330 ton fidual.

6 K2K-II Succesful restarting after SK accident. K2K-I : PoT, K2K-II: until June K2K-I : 56 events for 80.1 expected K2K-II (Apr. '03, PoT):16 events 28.3±0.13 expected

7 Charged Current Quasi elastic ν µ Charged Current Quasi Elastic interaction n p Optimal neutrino energy reconstruction at low energies. µ θ µ Neutrino energy is reconstructed assuming the neutron at rest and neglecting proton E ν = m N m N E E The only information needed is the momentum and angle to the neutrino direction. Main problem is the background of fake QE events proton tagging. l l + m p l 2 l / 2 cosϑ l

8 K2K near detector ( ) 1 Kton detector Muon momentum distribution at 1kt water Čerenkov detector. Fraction of CC quasi-elastic events (νn->pµ) ~ 50%. Threshold for proton ~ 1.2 GeV.

9 K2K near detector ( ) SciFi detector Fraction of QE can be enhanced looking at the angle between the expected proton direction and the observed one. Problems: large threshold p p > 0.5 GeV (water target thickness) and low efficiency for muons (lead glass). No p/π separation capabilities.

10 SciBar detector The oscillation maximum predicted by SK has shifted to lower values: for 250km base line E ν ~ 0.6 GeV We have to be able to look at rather low energy neutrino interactions (<1GeV). Better understanding of backgrounds in near and far detectors: single π production, (NC and CC) π 0 production and Nπ production and CC-QE.

11 SciBar detector Requirements of a new detector: Low energy proton tag. µ/π/p separation capabilities. Electron id. and energy measurement. π 0 id. and momentum reconstruction. Main physic requirement is to measure the neutrino spectrum with CC-QE interactions.

12 SciBar detector Full active Scintillator Bar detector SciBar Large Volume ( ) cm 3 ~15tons Fine segmentation cm 3 (~15000 detector channels). Large Light Yield 7~20 photo-electrons/cm for MIP Particle ID with de/dx and range Proton Momentum reconstruction by de/dx and range Large hit efficiency

13 SciBar detector: Electron Catcher To improve the π 0 and electron reconstruction capabilities. Physics capabilities Longitudinal containment (85% at 3GeV) Energy reconstruction (14%/ E) electron vs (muon or pion) ID π o reconstruction

14 SciBar detector EC 1 kton beam SciFi MRD SciBar

15 SciBar detector Scintillator 2.5x1.3x300cm3 made by Fermi-Lab. Wave length shifting fiber 1.5mm φ x 360cm Kurare Y11 attenuation length ~3m Photon collection uniformity better than 5%

16 SciBar detector

17 SciBar detector 2cm TA Optional gain-stage (<10x) Fast shaper (peaking time ~75ns ) Level-sensitive discriminator 32ch ORed trigger output VA32hdr11+TA32cg

18 SciBar detector Test bench results shows we are sensitive to 1 p.e. LED Fiber MAPMT FEBoard prototype

19 SciBar detector Stability of the PMT gain is monitored online wls A cosmic muon trigger is also implemented to monitor and calibrate the performance of the detector.

20 SciBar detector Energy spectra of ν, µ, p and π in SciBar (MC). Energy threshold for protons in tracking mode. SciFi limit

21 Test Beam results for a fixed energy proton/π SciBar detector p/π separation based on de/dx MC µ π/µ separation based on range π We want to calibrate the method in a Test Beam in Spring 2004.

22 SciBar detector p/π separation based on de/dx Good p/π separation up to 1 GeV.

23 SciBar detector p/π separation based on de/dx Good p/π separation (< 20% misid) up to 1 GeV.

24 SciBar detector Proton momentum based on de/dx Proton energy can be reconstructed with flat 10% error using 10 cm of particle range (> 7 layers).

25 SciBar detector

26 SciBar detector PMT WLS fibers

27 SciBar: Electron Catcher. Scintillating fibers positioned in the grooves of a stack of thin, extruded lead foils ( spaghetti calorimeter) 1 mm diameter fibers, 740 fibers per module 262 cm Fine sampling lead and scintillating fibres Fiber/Lead 1:4 in volume, 0.3 Xo sampling ν Beam Fibers in a 4x4cm 2 cell, are bundled and read by a 1'' PMT on each side Hamamatsu R1355/SM PMT, Kuraray SCS-F81 scintillating fibers, λ att ~500 cm 8 cm Good energy resolution and linearity Resolution 14%/ Ε, linearity better than 10% in the range 50MeV 1GeV 85% 3 GeV 4 cm Readout Cell

28 SciBar: Electron Catcher. Two orthogonal planes just downstream of SciBar, providing energy reconstruction and cluster positions in both transverse projections (11 Xo and 0.38 λint). 30 horizontal modules (60 readout cells) and 32 vertical modules (64 readout cells). The fibers in each readout cell (4x4x265cm) are bundled both side to 248 PMTs. SciBar ν beam

29 SciBar: Electron Catcher. Each PMTs has been individually equalised and pre-calibrated with cosmic ray muons before installation. A MIP releases about 60 MeV in a module. The HV pre-setting has been done adjusting the pulse height for MIPs to about 50 ADC (5 pc).

30 SciBar: Electron Catcher.

31 SciBar review

32 SciBar detector Cosmic muon Side view Top view

33 SciBar detector CC-QE candidate Top view Side view ν MRD MRD

34 SciBar detector CC-QE candidate (close view) Top view Side view ν p µ ν µ p

35 SciBar detector CC- pπ candidate Top view Side view ν p µ ν p π π µ

36 SciBar detector π 0 candidate Side view ν ν Top view

37 SciBar detector ν e CC-QE candidate Top view Side view ν ν

38 SciBar Reconstruction code One of the critical problems of the detector is the track reconstruction. High efficiency for short tracks. Good association of hits to tracks for proper de/dx measurement. Good two track spacial separation.

39 Cellular Automaton track (CAT) finding Cellular automaton are discrete dynamical systems whose behavior is completely specified in terms of a local relation. Space is represented by a uniform grid, each cell containing a few bits of data; time advances in discrete steps and at each step each cell computes its new state from that of its close neighbors. The system's laws are local and uniform.

40 Cellular Automaton track finding Cellular automaton is a good representation of the evolution of a track in the detector: whatever happens to a track is a local phenomena. It is efficient to find short tracks due to the locality laws.

41 Cellular Automaton track finding Construct all segments, such that they connect hits in consecutive layers (or missing one layers to account for detector inefficiencies) Segments are connected (neighbor cells) if they are compatible from Multiple scattering & detector resolution Criteria is the χ 2 of a Least Square fit to the three hits. Ok Ok

42 Cellular Automaton track finding To build long tracks we find the longest connection of segments. Solid is preferred versus dashed. Splitting segments are identified in connection points: Splitting point

43 Cellular Automaton track finding We achieve very large efficiency for tracks crossing at least three detector planes. Fraction of common hits 30% 50 % 70% 80% 90% 95% Efficiency 100 % 99.8 % 99.1% 97.6% 94.0% 91.3%

44 SciBar detector Top view Tracking and reconstruction already running EC Side view EC ν ν

45 SciBar detector Top view ν Tracking with 2 track events EC Side view EC ν

46 SciBar detector Top view Tracking with 3 track events Side view ν ν

47 SciBar detector Bunch 9 Bunch 1 Beam time structure of 9 bunches /spill is clearly visible Time (0.78ns)

48 SciBar detector Angular distribution of the longest track in the 2 pojections for neutrino events. Θ y Θ x

49 SciBar detector Detector calibration has started based on cosmic ray muons. Good equalization from precalibration made prior to installation Plane number (1-64)

50 before SciBar detector Detector alignment has started based on cosmic ray muons. after Plane alignment ~ 0.1 mm Plane number (1-64)

51 Prospects & final remarks A new detector has been installed at the near detector location of the K2K experiment at KEK. Large detector mass (15 tons), expecting ~ neutrino/year. Detector with capabilities for low energy proton reconstruction, π 0 and charged π detection capabilities. First neutrino interactions the 7 th of October We are commisioning of detector... first results are very promissing. Several event topologies have been shown. Detailed physics analysis is just started!!!!.

52 Prospects & final remarks Help in understanding neutrino interactions at low energies. Input to CC-QE studies and background characterization for K2K and SK. Interesting physics studies beyond oscillation analysis. Good test bench for the JPARC fine grained detector technology. Good input to understand background levels in K2K and future JPARC-nu experiments.

53 Thanks! I want to thank Kajita-san and ICCR for offering me the opportunity to stay at KEK during the installation and commissioning period of the SciBar. I'm looking forward for fruitful collaborations in K2K and JPARC-nu experiments in the future.

54 Bckup transparencies

55 Horn system

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