The heteronuclear Efimov scenario in an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture

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1 The heteronuclear Efimov scenario in an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture Juris Ulmanis, Stephan Häfner, Rico Pires, Eva Kuhnle, and Matthias Weidemüller RUPRECHT-KARLS- UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG University of Excellence

2 Efimov s scenario Phys. Lett. B 33, (1970) universal trimers with relevance for nuclear physics molecular physics atomic physics

3 Efimov s scenario scattering states a ± a r 0 λ = effective 1/R 2 potential infinite number of bound states discrete scaling symmetry ψ n R = ψ n 1 λr E n = λ 2 E n 1 1/a < 0: only trimers 1/a > 0: universal threshold BB+B

4 Experimental observation in ultracold gases Physics Today 63, 40 (2010)

5 Recent experiments 1 0 = 21. 0(1.3) More experiments at (homo- and heteronuclear): Aarhus, Chicago, ENS, Heidelberg, Houston, JILA, LENS, Pennsylvania, Ramat-Gan, Tokio, Tübingen

6 Enhancing observability of Efimov s scenario a ± a ± a r 0 a r 0 λ = λ m B m X System λ 6 Li - Cs Li - Rb Equal masses 22.7

7 Finite intraparticle scattering lengths Li-Cs system: a 3 r 0 a a a 15 r 0 a a = 0 λ = λ m B? m X Short-range effects Finite intraspecies scattering lengths

8 Heteronuclear Efimov scenario a < 0 a > 0 Initial concept with vdw potentials: Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett (2012)

9 Mixing Li and Cs at nk temperatures Li MOT Loading in an optical dipole trap Forced evaporative cooling Cs MOT Degenerate Raman sideband cooling Mixing of Li and Cs in the ODT

10 Tuning scattering length in Li-Cs Feshbach resonances: coupled-channels calculations by Eberhard Tiemann Repp et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013); see also: Tung et al., ibid., (R) Pires et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, (2014)

11 Three-body loss rate coefficient Rate equations: n Cs = L Cs 1 n Cs 2L 3 n Li n 2 Cs 2L LiLiCs 3 n 2 Li n Cs L Cs 3 3 n Cs n Li = L Li 1 n Li L 3 n Li n 2 Cs 2L LiLiCs 3 n 2 Li n Cs L Li 3 3 n Li Assumptions: Fermionic Li suppression of L 3 LiLiCs and L 3 Li constant temperature L 3 Cs constant Li+Cs+Cs Li+Cs 2 LiCs+Cs

Successive Efimov resonances 1 1 1 0 = 5. 8(0.1) stat(0.2) sys (1.0) rf 4. 88? T 400 nk 0 R. Pires et al.

12 Successive Efimov resonances = 5. 8(0.1) stat(0.2) sys (1.0) rf 4. 88? T 400 nk 0 R. Pires et al., PRL 112, (2014); see also: S. Tung et al. (Chin group), PRL 113, (2014) Single Efimov resonance in Li-Rb: R.A.W. Mayer et al., PRL 115, (2015)

13 Tuning scattering length in Li-Cs Feshbach resonances: Mapping a LiCs (B) and a Cs (B) Cs-Cs interactions (Grimm group): Berninger et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (2013) a Cs < 0 a Cs > 0 Li-Cs interactions (our work): Repp et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013) Pires et al., Phys Rev. A 90, (2014) Ulmanis et al., New J. Phys. 17, (2015) Li-Cs interactions (Chicago): Tung et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013)

14 rf association of (universal) LiCs dimers a(b) B FR = (23) G Δ = G a bg = 29.4 a 0 B = G coupled-channels calculations by Eberhard Tiemann Ulmanis et al., New J. Phys. 17, (2015)

bichromatic dipole trap Tunable optical dipole trap @ 921 nm o Polarizability α Cs

15 Reaching lower temperatures Mixed species condensation Gravitional sag due to large Cs mass Factor of 4 difference in polarizability at 1070 nm Solution: bichromatic dipole trap Tunable optical dipole 921 nm o Polarizability α Cs = 12 α Li o Almost independent spatial control of Li and Cs o Compensation of gravitational sag

16 Observation of three Efimov resonances J. Ulmanis et al., PRA 93, (2016)

17 Zero-range model zero-range finite temperature model: D. Petrov and F. Werner, PRA 92, (2015) o S-Matrix formalism o Parameters: s 11 dependent on ka LiCs, ka Cs and mass ratio Scaling factor exp(π/s 0 ) Temperature T Inelasticity parameter η Three-body parameter R 0 Alternative method using optical potentials: M. Mikkelsen et al, J. Phys. B. 48, (2015)

18 Comparison with zero-range model Fit of zero-range theory o Resonance width η = o Three-body parameter R 0 = 125 a 0 o Absolute loss-rate J. Ulmanis et al., PRA 93, (2016)

Comparison with zero-range model 2 0 Extraction of resonance positions and scaling factors from zero-range theory by setting T 0, η 0: 1 o Consistent description of

19 Comparison with zero-range model 2 0 Extraction of resonance positions and scaling factors from zero-range theory by setting T 0, η 0: 1 o Consistent description of excited state recombination resonances o Deviation from universal scaling factor of o Non-universal ground state resonance 0 J. Ulmanis et al., PRA 93, (2016)

20 Simplistic Born-Oppenheimer picture universal Cs 2 vdw dimer universal Cs 2 Li Efimov trimer a ± a Cs = 1500 a 0 (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2

21 Simplistic Born-Oppenheimer picture Cs 2 Li Efimov trimer w/ short-range contribution a ± a Cs = 1500 a 0 > (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2

22 Three-body recombination: a < vdw scaling factors: λ 1 = 5.3 ± 0.1 λ 2 = 5.1 ± 0.2 Universal zero-range theory: λ 1 = 5.08 λ 2 = 5.18 Universal van der Waals model: Yujun Wang and Chris Greene Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett (2012)

23 Three-body recombination: a < Power law for a LiCs a Cs 2 2 L 3 a LiCs a Cs Here: a Cs 1500 a 0 Power laws for XXY and XYZ systems: J. D Incao and B. Esry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, (2009)

24 Efimov s universal function Trimer energies at the unitarity are universally related to the recombination E T = ħ2 k 2 m = C k C = a < 0 a > 0 E. Braaten and H. W. Hammer, Physics Reports 428, 259 (2016)

25 Simplistic Born-Oppenheimer picture (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2 (5.6) 2 C = 1. 9

26 Tuning scattering length in Li-Cs Feshbach resonances: Mapping a LiCs (B) and a Cs (B) Cs-Cs interactions (Grimm group): Berninger et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (2013) a Cs < 0 a Cs > 0 Li-Cs interactions (our work): Repp et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013) Pires et al., Phys Rev. A 90, (2014) Ulmanis et al., New J. Phys. 17, (2015) Li-Cs interactions (Chicago): Tung et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013)

27 Three-body recombination: a > Ground state resonance missing! vdw scaling factor: +0.5 λ 2 = Power law for a LiCs 4 L 3 a LiCs a Cs preliminary Here: a Cs 200 a 0

28 Efimov spectrum for Li-Cs-Cs Three-body energy spectrum for attractive Li-Cs interactions (a LiCs < 0) Universal van der Waals model: Y. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett (2012) a Cs < 0 a Cs > 0 Ground state merges with the Li + Cs 2 threshold! Calculations with the hyperspherical formalism by Chris Greene and Yujun Wang

29 Dissappearance of the resonance a ± a 200 a 0?

30 Simplistic Born-Oppenheimer picture (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2 (4.9) 2 (5.6) 2 C = 1. 9 C = 3. 1 Influence of the dimer state?

31 Summary Heteronuclear Efimov physics with large mass imbalance Observation of a series of 3 consecutive heteronuclear Efimov resonances in three-body losses for negative Cs scattering length Observation of two Efimov resonances and missing lowest resonance for positive Cs scattering length Role of short-range interactions (universal and nonuniversal regimes) Influence of the heavy-heavy scattering length Repp et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, (R) (2013) Pires et al., PRL 112, (2014) Pires et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, (2014) Ulmanis et al., New J. Phys.17, (2015) Ulmanis et al., Phys. Rev. A 93, (2016) Ulmanis et al., National Science Reviews, in press Ulmanis et al., to be published

32 Outlook

33 Li-Cs team Cooperations John Bohn (JILA) Chris Greene (Purdue) Dima Petrov (Paris Sud) Tobias Tiecke (Harvard) Eberhard Tiemann (Hannover) Yujun Wang (Kansas) Felix Werner (ENS) : DAAD IMPRS-QD CQD BWS Prof. Matthias Weidemüller (PI) Stephan Häfner (PhD) Manuel Gerken (master student) Robin Eberhard (bachelor) JU (postdoc) Former members: Eva Kuhnle (postdoc) Rico Pires (PhD, postdoc) Carmen Renner (Lehramt) Alda Arias (master student) Marc Repp (PhD, postdoc) Arthur Schönhals (master student) Robert Heck (master student)

The few-boson problem near unitarity: recent theory and experiments Chris Greene, Purdue University

The few-boson problem near unitarity: recent theory and experiments Chris Greene, Purdue University Revisiting the 3-body parameter for van der Waals two-body interactions The N>3 boson problem near unitarity